高原性蛋白尿与急性高原病关系的探讨

通过对34名平原人乘飞机进驻海拔4370m 高原后尿蛋白的动态分析和急性高原病(AMS)的调查,我们看到,受试者在达高原的1～3天内尿蛋白阳性率为20.6～26.5%,尿潜血反应阳性率为5.9～14.8%,4天后均接近平原值;AMS 者的尿蛋白浓度明显高于未患AMS 者(28.9±4.4v.s.17.1±2.2,p<0.05);在AMS 患者中,69.2%的人(9/13)尿蛋白阳性,30.8%的人(4/13)尿蛋白可疑,而且尿蛋白阳性者的AMS 症状持续的时间明显长于非尿蛋白阳性者(4.4±0.1v.s.3.6±0.1,p<0.05)。上述结果提示,平原人在快速进驻高原初期肾功能会受到严重影响,但经短期高原适应后是可以很快恢复的;AMS 与高原性蛋白尿有密切的关系;蛋白尿的产生可能是由肾小球基底膜受损后通透增加所致。     

髓芯减压联合VEGF与胶原基骨移植材料对兔股骨头缺血坏死的修复作用

探讨髓芯减压联合血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）与胶原基骨移植材料对兔股骨头缺血坏死的修复作用。方法 对24只SPF级家兔股骨头内注射无水乙醇建立兔股骨头坏死模型,然后将家兔随机分为模型对照组（A组）、髓芯减压+自体松质骨组（B组）、髓芯减压+胶原基骨修复材料组（C组）和髓芯减压+胶原基骨修复材料+VEGF组（D组）,每组6只,共治疗12周。通过苏木精伊红（HE）染色观察组织切片形态。采用骨密度分析系统（QCT PRO V6.1）测量家兔股骨头骨密度(BMD)。Western blot检测VEGF、Collagen I、Runt相关转录因子2（RUNX2）、骨钙素（OCN）、Wnt-3a、β-catenin和GSK-3β的蛋白表达。结果 术后12周时,与B、C组比较,D组家兔股骨头骨小梁排列较整齐,骨髓中观察到大量微血管的形成,可见明显成骨,且坏死区基本被修复。与A组相比,B组、C组和D组家兔股骨头空骨陷窝比率均显著降低(P＜0.05);D组家兔股骨头空骨陷窝比率小于B组和C组(P＜0.05)。与A组相比,B组、C组和D组家兔股骨头的骨密度均显著升高(P＜0.05);D组骨密度显著高于B组和C组(P＜0.05)。与B组和C组相比,D组VEGF、Collagen I、RUNX2和OCN的蛋白表达水平均显著升高（P＜0.05）;与B组和C组相比,D组Wnt-3a和β-catenin的蛋白表达水平均显著升高,GSK-3β的蛋白表达水平显著降低（P＜0.05）。结论 髓芯减压联合VEGF与胶原基骨移植材料对兔股骨头缺血坏死可有效促进坏死股骨头的修复,提高骨密度及成骨蛋白的表达     

Asthma and the diver

Self-contained underwater breathing apparatus (scuba) diving has grown in popularity, with nearly 9 million sport divers in the United States alone. Approximately 7% of the population has been diagnosed with asthma, which is similar to the percentage of divers admitting they have asthma. Numerous concerns exist regarding subjects with asthma who choose to participate in recreational diving. Among these concerns are pulmonary barotrauma, pneumomediastinum, pneumothorax, arterial gas embolism, ear barotrauma, sinus barotrauma, and dental barotrauma. Despite these concerns, a paucity of information exists linking asthma to increased risk of diving complications. However, it has long been the norm to discourage individuals with asthma from participating in recreational scuba diving. This article examines the currently available literature to allow for a more informed decision regarding the possible risks associated with diving and asthma. It examines the underlying physiological principles associated with diving, including Henry’s law and Boyle’s law, to provide a more intimate understanding on physiological changes occurring in the respiratory system under compressive stress. Finally, this article offers a framework for guiding the patient with asthma who is interested in scuba diving. Under the right circumstances, the patient with asthma can safely participate in recreational diving without apparent increased risk of an asthma-related event.     

视神经管区的临床应用解剖研究

对５０个成人尸头和３０个干性颅骨标本的视神经管区进行了显微解剖学研究，测量了视神经管的长度、口径及管壁的厚度、观察了视神经管内壁的毗邻结构关系，还测量了一些与视神经管减压术有关的数据。讨论了经鼻外筛、蝶窦视神经管减压时值得注意的若干问题。     

An immunodominant haptenic epitope of carbamazepine detected in serum from patients given long-term treatment with carbamazepine without allergic reaction

An anticarbamazepine antibody was detected in the serum of a patient with severe carbamazepine-induced serum sickness. We found that the patient's T cells and IgG antibody recognized an epitope which appeared in subjects showing an allergic reaction, as well as that in subjects who showed no allergic reaction, after long-term carbamazepine therapy. These results show that an anti-carbamazepine immune response does not occur in the majority of subjects who undergo long-term carbamazepine therapy without developing allergic symptoms, although the immunodominant haptenic epitope of carbamazepine is present in their sera.     

Ultrastructural aspects of bubble formation in human fatal accidents after exposure to compressed air

Summary Electron microscopic investigations were performed on samples of human tissue obtained from subjects following fatal decompression sickness, associated with hyperbaric air-therapy. Intra- and extracellular gas bubbles of varying size were identified throughout the entire body. Each bubble was covered by an osmiophilic non-homogeneous coat of cloudy and flocculent material, native to its specific locality. This envelope measured from 30 to 560 Angstroem-units in thickness. Association of this covering with an electrokinetic zonal activity, detected biophysically by Lee and Hairston (1971) is assumed. We consider this surface coat prevents nitrogen from being eliminated via the blood-lung-barrier.     

伴和不伴类风湿性关节炎患者腰椎管狭窄后路减压融合过程中隐性失血的对比

背景:腰椎管狭窄症后路手术除术中出血和术后引流外,还存在大量的"隐性失血"。合并类风湿性关节炎患者可能会影响围术期出血尤其是隐性失血,此前并无报道。目的:针对合并类风湿性关节炎的腰椎管狭窄患者与非类风湿性关节炎行腰椎后路手术时术中出血量、术后引流量以及隐性失血情况进行对比,并探讨类风湿性关节炎患者隐性失血的危险因素。方法:回顾性纳入了65例合并类风湿性关节炎的腰椎管狭窄患者(类风湿性关节炎组),筛选87例未合并类风湿性关节炎的腰椎管狭窄患者(非类风湿性关节炎组),所有患者均采取椎弓根螺钉+钛棒+椎间融合器内固定系统进行腰椎后路减压融合和后外侧融合治疗,术中行自体骨后外侧植骨。提取信息包括人口统计学信息、类风湿性关节炎信息(如类风湿性关节炎病史、Steinbrocker分级、抗类风湿性关节炎药物)、手术信息以及出血量相关指标。以术中出血量、术后引流量和隐性失血作为主要指标;以手术时间、术前术后红细胞压积和血红蛋白及其变化值、手术前后贫血数量、术后新发贫血数量、自体血和异体血输注量等作为次要指标。结果与结论:①类风湿性关节炎组腰椎管狭窄患者平均年龄为(65.97±8.02)岁,平均体质量指数为(25.76±3.68)kg/m^2,非类风湿性关节炎组中患者在性别比例、年龄和手术节段数上均与之匹配;②类风湿性关节炎组中患者平均病程为(16.78±12.73)年,其中单药或联合口服改变病情抗风湿药者最常见,2组在椎弓根螺钉数和椎间融合器置入数量上差异均无显著性意义,围术期并发症发生率2组差异亦无显著性意义;③主要结果对比显示2组在总失血量、术中出血量和术后引流量方面差异无显著性意义,而隐性失血以及隐性失血所占总失血量比例在非类风湿性关节炎组中更低(P<0.001,0.012);根据手术节段数进行分层分析,长节段(≥3节段)手术中非类风湿性关节炎组中隐性失血和隐性失血所占总失血量比例均优于类风湿性关节炎组;④次要指标对比红细胞压积改变值(P=0.021)在非类风湿性关节炎组小于类风湿性关节炎组但血红蛋白减小值2组差异无显著性意义;术后2组新发贫血以及贫血加重情况相比差异无显著性意义,异体血输注和手术时间相比差异也无显著性意义;⑤对类风湿性关节炎组患者隐性失血进行多元线性回归分析显示,类风湿性关节炎的Steinbrocker级别高、未服用改变病情抗风湿药、血红蛋白变化和输注异体血为隐性失血的独立危险因素;⑥提示类风湿性关节炎组和非类风湿性关节炎组在总失血量、术中出血、术后引流和手术时间上无差异,而隐性失血以及隐性失血所占总失血量比例类风湿性关节炎组高于非类风湿性关节炎组,尤其是长节段手术;类风湿性关节炎组的Steinbrocker分级高、未服用改变病情抗风湿药、血红蛋白改变较多以及输注异体血为隐性失血的独立危险因素。     

Effect of irradiation on the formation of hemodynamic pulmonary edema

Experiments on 233 albino rats showed that large doses of ionizing radiation, causing marked leukopenia, increased the resistance of animals to pulmonary edema under the influence of adrenalin. This effect was particularly marked on the fourth day after irradiation. Relatively small doses (under 100R) and also irradiation separately of the head, thorax, or abdomen, on the other hand facilitated the development of pulmonary edema.Department of Pathological Physiology, Yaroslavl' Medical Institute. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR N. A. Fedorov.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 86, No. 9, pp. 280–282, September, 1978.     

经内镜颈前微创入路颈椎手术的解剖学研究

目的：研究经颈前路建立内镜微创入路的安全性、可行性及其对手术器械的要求。方法：使用Metrx椎间盘镜手术系统，共对5具C3-7椎体间的10个间隙进行内镜辅助下的颈椎前路减压操作。通过颈右前外侧约2cm的皮肤切口，经血管鞘与内脏鞘间放入直径18mm的工作套筒并将其通过可曲自由臂固定在手术床边。内镜固定在工作套筒上。在内镜辅助下行颈椎间盘切除及椎体后缘骨质刮除术。结果：未发现手术入路周围重要软组织结构的损伤；使用环锯、垂体钳、刮匙减压的5个间隙及单纯使用垂体钳、刮匙减压的5个间隙的间盘组织切除均较干净。由于工作套筒过长，垂体钳、刮匙等减压器械的可操作空间较小，环锯组椎体后缘有明显骨赘形成的6个椎体，3个发现有部分的骨赘被刮除，其余3个椎体的后缘骨赘无改变；单纯使用垂体钳、刮匙组，椎体后缘有明显骨赘形成的8个椎体仅3个发现有部分的骨赘被刮除，其余5个椎体的后缘骨赘无改变。未发现硬膜囊损伤。结论：内镜下的颈椎前路减压是可行的，工作套筒及用于减压的器械的有待改进。     

前路椎体次全切在治疗颈椎后纵韧带骨化中的应用

目的：探讨颈前路椎体次全切治疗颈椎后纵韧带骨化的手术减压范围。方法：采用前路椎体次全切植骨融合术治疗颈椎后纵韧带骨化56例，其中完全切除骨化者47例，用“漂浮法”处理者9例，并针对不同个体及病变特点采用不同的减压范围。结果：54例获得3个月-6a随访，平均28个月。植骨均于术后3-5个月内获得骨性融合。JOA评分由术前8．5分提高到术后14．1，平均改善率74％，优良率80．2％。结论：行椎体次全切术治疗颈椎后纵韧带骨化时应针对不同个体及病变特点采用不同的足够的减压范围，可以减少并发症，并获得较佳的疗效。