哮喘患者生活质量与其应对方式和社会支持的相关性研究

目的 探讨哮喘患者的生活质量及其与应对方式和社会支持的相关性。方法 应用成人哮喘生活质量评分表（AOLO））、简明健康调查问卷（SF36）、简易应对方式问卷、社会支持评定量表对204例哮喘患者进行调查。结果 哮喘患者的积极应对和社会支持与其生活质量呈正相关（P〈0、05，P〈0．01），消极应对与生活质量呈负相关（P〈0、05，P〈0、01）。结论 哮喘患者的生活质量水平较低，良好的应时方式和社会支持能提高其生活质量。     

Presentation, treatment, and outcome of oral cavity cancer: a National Cancer Data Base report

BACKGROUND: Oral cancer has been identified as a significant public health threat. Systematic evaluation of the impact of this disease on the US population is of great importance to health care providers and policy makers. METHODS: This study used the National Cancer Data Base (NCDB) to evaluate associations between demographic and disease characteristics, treatment, and survival for patients with oral cavity cancer in the United States. Of patients diagnosed between 1985 and 1996, 58,976 were extracted from the NCDB. ANOVAs were performed on selected cross-tabulations, and relative survival was used to calculate outcome. RESULTS: Median age of patients was 64.0 years. Men made up 60.2% of patients. Pathologic diagnosis was squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in 86.3% of cases. Younger patients had a much higher frequency of non-SCC, and this was related to survival in these patients. African-Americans (independent of income), lower income patients, and patients with higher grade disease were seen more frequently with advanced-stage SCC. Five-year relative survival for SCC cases was lower for older patients, men, and African-Americans. CONCLUSIONS: This study addressed many issues related to oral cancer that have been previously discussed in the literature. The demographic, site, stage, histologic, and survival data available for this large number of cases in the NCDB allowed an accurate characterization of the contemporary status of oral cancer in the United States.     

副神经移接肩胛上神经术后肌电恢复规律的初步探讨

目的　探索副神经移位于肩胛上神经后冈下肌肌电恢复的规律。方法　对 46例副神经移接肩胛上神经者 ,于术后不同时期测定冈下肌复合运动动作电位 (CMAP)的波幅及潜伏期 ,并用SPSS统计软件进行KaplanMeier生存率的分析及数据、方程式的拟合。结果　 (1)术后冈下肌出现新生电位的平均时间为 3 11.98± 3 5 .87d ;(2 )不同随访时间的复合运动动作电位潜伏期 (L)、波幅 (A)及术后时间 (x)的关系 ,即经验方程式为L =13 .8764 + 2 10 7.3 2 /x(Rsq =0 .3 78) ;A =0 .710 6+ (-0 .0 171)x + (2E-0 6)x 2 + (-1E -7)x 3 (Rsq =0 .64 8)。结论　副神经移位于肩胛上神经术后不同时期复合运动动作电位的波幅及潜伏期的预测可提供经验方程式 ,并为临床早期判断手术疗效提供量化依据。     

2型糖尿病病人锻炼行为及其相关因素研究

目的 了解2型糖尿病病人的锻炼状况并探索其相关因素。方法 采用个人基本资料问卷、相关知识量表、自我效能量表和锻炼行为量表对门诊130例2型糖 病病人进行调查。结果 2型糖尿病病人总体的锻炼行为不够理想；在职人员锻炼行为明显不如非在职人员；病人的相关知识的自我效能均与锻炼行为呈正相关；多元回归分析显示，自我效能对锻炼行为具有决定作用，其可解释锻炼行为72.4%的变异量。结论 护理人员应致力于改善糖尿病病人的锻炼行为，在传授知识的同时，结合Bandura自我效能理论采取一定措施，提高病人的自我交通。     

护士压力状况的调查分析

目的：了解当前护士的压力状况，设法调整其工作方式方法，以便最大限度地调动护士的工作积极性和创造性。方法：采用随机抽样的方法对506名护士进行问卷调查.结果：40．5％护士工作压力感较强，有44．9％的压力来源于工作任务繁重，19．6％源于知识不够用和技能不熟练。中级技术职务护士的压力48．7％是源于工作任务繁重，初级技术职务的护士压力21．6％源于知识和技能不适应工作；正在接受继续教育的护士压力感强于未接受教育者（x^2=9.72,P＜0．05）。结论：应适当增加护士编制，调整科室人员配备，为护士继续教育提供条件，以缓解护士压力。     

雷达辐射对精液质量的影响

目的:研究雷达辐射对男性精液质量的影响。方法:①以35例非海员职业正常男性为对照组1,分析252例接受雷达辐射的海员精液常规变化情况;②以252例海员(对照组2)和对照组1为对照组分析96例解除雷达辐射后6～12个月海员的精液常规变化情况。结果:在精子密度、精子活动率及a级精子百分率,雷达辐射组极显著低于对照组1(P<0.01),而d级精子百分率和畸形精子百分率极显著高于对照组1(P<0.01);解除雷达辐射后恢复极明显的是精子的形态(P<0.01),精子活动率也有显著的恢复(P<0.05),但与对照组1相比,精子密度仍有显著差异(P<0.05),精子活动率、a级精子百分率、d级精子百分率和畸形率仍有极显著差异(P<0.01)。结论:雷达辐射对男性精液质量有一定影响;其主要表现在精子运动能力降低和精子畸形率升高;停止雷达辐射后精子的形态较容易恢复。     

血液透析专科护士应具备专业知识的调查研究

目的探讨血液透析专科护士应具备的专业知识,为培养血液透析专科护士设置培训内容提供依据。方法应用德尔菲法对北京、上海和黑龙江等地35位专家就血液透析专科护士应具备的专业知识进行2轮函询与论证。结果专家的权威程度为0.85,专家意见的集中程度高;2轮调查专家意见的和谐系数分别为0.27、0.41（均P〈0.01）。血液透析专科护士应具备的专业知识包括专科理论知识、专科实践知识和护理相关知识3大类34个条目。专家意见较一致的前几个条目为透析设备的管理、血管通路的管理、血液透析的观察技术、血液透析中即刻并发症的处理、血液透析患者及家属的心理护理、血液透析患者生活质量的评价、血液透析中心的护理风险管理等。结论专家对确定的血液透析专科知识协调程度较高,可将其作为血液透析专科护士培训内容,以提高护士专业知识水平。     

Open mesh versus non-mesh repair of groin hernia meta-analysis of randomized trials leased on individual patient data

Abstract Background. The EU Hernia Trialists Collaboration was established to provide reliable evaluation of newer methods of groin hernia repair. It involved 70 investigators in 20 countries. Materials and methods. Twenty eligible trials (5016 participants) of open mesh vs. non-mesh groin hernia repair were identified. Meta-analysis was performed using raw individual patient data where possible. Results. Fewer hernia recurrences were reported after mesh repair. There were no clear differences between mesh and non-mesh groups in complications. Overall, those in the mesh groups had a shorter hospital stay, quicker return to usual activities and less frequent persisting pain, but individual trial results varied. Conclusions. The review provides strong evidence that open mesh repair is associated with a reduction in the risk of recurrence of between 50% and 75%. There is also some evidence of quicker recovery and of lower rates of persisting pain following open mesh repair. Electronic Publication     

Factors leading to long-term hospitalization after laparoscopic appendectomy.

BACKGROUND: Randomized studies demonstrate that laparoscopic appendectomy yields better results compared with open techniques. We sought to identify factors that determine an extended hospital stay among patients undergoing laparoscopic appendectomy. METHODS: This was a prospective study including 669 patients undergoing laparoscopic appendectomy. We analyzed variables that can predict the length of hospital stay. RESULTS: Of 669 patients undergoing laparoscopic appendectomy, 141 stayed in the hospital for > or = 5 days (Group 1), and 97 stayed in the hospital for < or = 1 day after surgery (Group 2). The univariate analysis demonstrated that fever (P<0.0001), nausea and vomiting (P=0.060), leukocytosis (P<0.0001), gangrened or perforated intraoperative appearance of the appendix (P<0.0001), and appendix position behind the ileocecal junction (P<0.001) were related to a longer hospital stay. The multivariate analysis through logistical regression showed that the factors independently and significantly associated with an extended hospital stay were presurgical fever, appendix position behind the ileocecal junction, and intraoperative gangrened or perforated appearance of the appendix. CONCLUSION: Fever, appearance, and position of the appendix are factors related to an extended hospital stay.