丹参酮ⅡA磺酸钠注射液对冠心病病人血尿酸水平的影响

目的观察应用丹参酮ⅡA磺酸钠注射液治疗1周及2周后冠心病病人血尿酸水平的变化。方法将330例冠心病病人分为治疗组与对照组。治疗组234例,其中无症状高尿酸血症病人109例,为1组,血尿酸水平正常者125例,为2组;对照组96例,其中无症状高尿酸血症病人42例,为3组,血尿酸水平正常者56例,为4组。所有病人入院当日或次日测量静脉血尿酸水平,1周后及2周后分别复查静脉血尿酸水平。比较治疗前后各组血尿酸水平的变化。结果各组病人治疗1周及2周后尿酸水平均有下降,1组下降最明显,与其他3组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论丹参酮ⅡA磺酸钠注射液对无症状高尿酸血症的冠心病病人有降低血尿酸水平的作用。     

7种常用中药注射剂与0.9％氯化钠配伍的稳定性研究

目的 观察7种常用中药注射剂与0.9％氯化钠注射液配伍的稳定性,以指导临床药物护理.方法 分别检测红花黄色素、复方苦参注射液、黄芪注射液、康艾注射液、艾迪注射液、注射用灯盏花素、注射用丹参与0.9％氯化钠配伍后0～4 h的颜色、澄明度、微粒数、pH值及吸光度.结果 4h内溶液澄明,未见沉淀生成及变色,pH值在正常范围内略有变化,不溶性微粒未发生大幅度改变,吸光度在正常值范围内.结论 7种常用中药注射剂与0.9％氯化钠配伍后溶液在4h内基本稳定,其中1～2 h配伍使用最为稳定.建议中药注射剂配伍静置一段时间后输注,以提高输液安全性.     

参附注射液治疗外伤性蛛网膜下腔出血后凝血相关因子的变化及其临床意义

目的 探讨参附注射液治疗外伤性蛛网膜下腔出血后患者血液中凝血相关因子的变化规律及其意义. 方法 选取本院收治的外伤性蛛网膜下腔出血患者65例,随机分为治疗组33例与对照组32例,对照组给予常规治疗,治疗组在对照组的基础上加用参附注射液静脉滴注,每日2次,连续用药14天.动态监测患者部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)、凝血酶原时间(PT)、D-二聚体并进行统计学处理. 结果 参附注射液治疗外伤性蛛网膜下腔出血患者的部分凝血活酶时间延长(APTT)、凝血酶原时间(PT)延长、D-二聚体下降. 结论 外伤性蛛网膜下腔出血早期应用参附注射液治疗,可以有效预防外伤性蛛网膜下腔出血患者的血管痉挛,预防颅脑损伤后微血栓的形成,降低脑梗塞风险,改善患者的预后.     

甘露醇联合坦索罗辛治疗输尿管下段结石的临床研究

目的探讨甘露醇联合坦索罗辛治疗输尿管下段结石的有效性和安全性。方法将168例确诊输尿管下段结石患者,随机分为4组(A、B组为C、D组的对照组):结石≤5 mm,未用甘露醇联合坦索罗辛治疗组(A组,对照组),使用甘露醇联合坦索罗辛组(C组,治疗组);结石5¹0 mm,未用甘露醇联合坦索罗辛治疗组(B组,对照组),使用甘露醇联合坦索罗辛组(D组,治疗组)。随访1周,观察结石排出率、结石排出时间、疼痛发生率、药物不良反应和其它方法介入率情况。结果(1)结石≤5 mm,治疗组的结石排出率为93.2%,显著高于对照组的73.2%(P<0.05)。结石排出时间和疼痛发生率分别为(5.20±1.32)d和22.2%,均显著低于对照组的(9.10±1.82)d和58.3%(P均<0.05)。(2)结石510 mm,未用甘露醇联合坦索罗辛治疗组(B组,对照组),使用甘露醇联合坦索罗辛组(D组,治疗组)。随访1周,观察结石排出率、结石排出时间、疼痛发生率、药物不良反应和其它方法介入率情况。结果(1)结石≤5 mm,治疗组的结石排出率为93.2%,显著高于对照组的73.2%(P<0.05)。结石排出时间和疼痛发生率分别为(5.20±1.32)d和22.2%,均显著低于对照组的(9.10±1.82)d和58.3%(P均<0.05)。(2)结石5¹0 mm,治疗组的结石排出率为38.3%,高于对照组的20.2%(P均<0.05)。结石排出时间和疼痛发生率分别为(8.10±1.57)d和38.4%,均低于对照组的(11.20±1.72)d和65.7%(P均<0.05)。(3)4组患者均未观察到明显的药物不良反应(P均>0.05)。结论甘露醇联合坦索罗辛明显促进输尿管下段结石排出,有效缓解肾绞痛的发作,是治疗输尿管下段结石安全、有效的方法,值得临床推广应用。     

Efficacy of Multimodal Perioperative Analgesia Protocol With Periarticular Medication Injection in Total Knee Arthroplasty : A Randomized,Double-Blinded Study

Pain control is necessary for successful rehabilitation and outcome after total knee arthroplasty. Our goal was to compare the clinical efficacy of periarticular injections consisting of a long-acting local anesthetic (ropivacaine) and epinephrine with and without combinations of an α2-adrenergic agonist (clonidine) and/or a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent (ketorolac). In a double-blinded controlled study, we randomized 160 patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty to receive 1 of 4 intraoperative periarticular injections: Group A, ropivacaine, epinephrine, ketorolac, and clonidine; Group B, ropivacaine, epinephrine, and ketorolac; Group C, ropivacaine, epinephrine, and clonidine; Group D (control), ropivacaine and epinephrine. Compared with Group D, Group A and B patients had significantly lower postoperative visual analog pain scores and nurse pain assessment and Group C patients had a significantly greater reduction in physical therapist pain assessment. We found no differences in other parameters analyzed.     

Efetividade da infiltração intra-articular guiada por imagem: comparação entre fluoroscopia e ultrassom

ObjectiveCompare the effectiveness of ultrasound and fluoroscopy to guide intra-articular injections (IAI) in selected cases.Material and methodsA prospective study in our outpatient clinics at the Rheumatology Division at Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Brazil, was conducted to compare the short-term (4 weeks) effectiveness of ultrasound and fluoroscopy-guided IAI in patients with rheumatic diseases. Inclusion criteria were: adults with refractory synovitis undergo- ing IAI with glucocorticoid. All patients had IAI performed with triamcinolone hexaceton- ide (20 mg/ml) with varying doses according to the joint injected.ResultsA total of 71 rheumatic patients were evaluated (52 women, 44 whites). Mean age was 51.9 ± 13 years and 47 of them (66.2%) were on regular DMARD use. Analysis of the whole sample (71 patients) and hip sub-analysis (23 patients) showed that significant im- provement was observed for both groups in terms of pain (P < 0.001). Global analysis also demonstrated better outcomes for patients in the FCG in terms of joint flexion (P < 0.001) and percentage change in joint flexion as compared to the USG. Likert scale score analyses demonstrated better results for the patients in the USG as compared to the FCG at the end of the study (P < 0.05). No statistically significant difference between groups was observed for any other study variable.Discussion and conclusionImaging-guided IAI improves regional pain in patients with vari- ous types of synovitis in the short term. For the vast majority of variables, no significant difference in terms of effectiveness was observed between fluoroscopy and ultrasound- guided IAI.     

Efficacy of Corticosteroid Injection for Treatment of Trigger Finger: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

ABSTRACT

Purpose: To determine the efficacy and safety of corticosteroid injection for trigger finger by performing a meta-analysis of all relevant studies. Methods: PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing corticosteroid injection with other treatments for trigger finger. Pooled summary estimates for outcomes, including success rate, relapse rate, visual analogue score (VAS) and complications, were calculated as standardized mean difference (SMD) or relative risk (RR) either on a fixed- or random-effect model via Stata 12.0 software. Results: Ten literatures involving 806 patients (387 in corticosteroid injection group and 419 in control group) were included. Pooled analysis showed there were no differences in the success rate, VAS and complications between patients undergoing corticosteroid injection and others. However, the relapse rate was significantly higher in patients treated with corticosteroid injection than that of other treatments (RR = 19.53, 95% CI = 6.23–61.19). Subgroup analysis indicated the efficacy of corticosteroid injection was superior to other non-surgical treatments (success rate: RR = 1.54, 95% CI = 1.01–2.35), but inferior to surgery (success rate: RR = 0.55, 95% CI = 0.48–0.63; relapse rate: RR = 21.15, 95% CI = 6.06–73.85; VAS: SMD = 3.49, 95% CI = 2.84–4.14). Conclusions: Corticosteroid injection may be an effective strategy for management of trigger finger, although surgery may be needed for some patients due to recurrence.     

Pain Management With lnterventional Spine Therapy in Patients With Spinal Cord Injury: A Case Series

Abstract

Background/Objective: Chronic pain is common in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI). Any newstrategy that is effective in treating this problem would be welcomed by this patient population.

Methods: A case series is presented of SCI with neuropathic pain. In these 3 cases, interventional spinetherapy is used as a diagnostic and/or therapeutic tool in the management of pain.

Results: In the cases presented, interventional spine therapy proved useful in identifying the patient's paingenerator. In most cases, the intervention was effective in reducing pain for a long enough period to serve asan effective pain management strategy. Other associated problems, such as spasticity, were similarlyreduced.

Conclusion: lnterventional spine therapy should be considered as a tool in the armamentarium of any SCIphysician managing their patient's chronic pain.     

Delayed occurrence of spinal arachnoiditis following a caudal block

Abstract

Context

Spinal arachnoiditis is a rare disease caused by fibrosis and adhesion of the arachnoid membrane due to chronic inflammation. The causes of arachnoiditis are infection, spinal surgery, intraspinal injection of steroid or myelography dye, and spinal anesthesia.

Method

Case report.

Findings

A 60-year-old woman presented with progressive weakness and sensory change of both legs and urinary symptoms. She had received a single caudal block 6 months before symptom onset. Magnetic resonance imaging of the thoraco-lumbar spine showed an intradural extramedullary tumor at the T5–T7 level. She underwent laminectomy and tumor resection. The pathological finding was arachnoiditis. After surgery, a rehabilitation program of strengthening exercises of both lower extremities and gait training was started. At 2-month follow-up, she was able to walk with orthoses and performed daily activities with minimal assistance.

Conclusion

Symptoms of spinal arachnoiditis occurred 6 months after a single caudal block in this woman. Clinicians should be aware of this possible delayed complication.     

Ultrasound-guided interventional procedures for cervical pain

Ultrasound is a particularly valuable imaging technique when performing nerve blocks at the cervical level. High-frequency probes provide high-quality resolution and are safe in skilled hands. Typically, interventions performed at the cervical level have been carried out with the help of x-rays, with the corresponding disadvantages such as the exposure to radiation and the inherent inability to observe radiotransparent structures such as blood vessels and nerves. Ultrasound allows us to visualize soft tissues and guide the tip of the needle to our target, without harming particularly delicate structures found in the path of the needle. This is important in nerve root blocks where the identification of periradicular nerves is crucial for the safety of the block itself. Likewise, ultrasound allows us to manipulate the needle with greater precision in the correct location; as is the case in cervical sympathetic nerve block where we can observe the injection of the liquid behind the prevertebral fascia and in front of the fascia of the longus colli muscle. In this article, we describe the most frequent techniques used in the pain clinic to treat headache and cervical pain, with special emphasis on the safety of the procedure.