A comparison of three methods for titration of poliovirus vaccines

Two methods for in vitro endpoint titration of poliovirus — the roller tube and the microtitration assay — were compared with each other and with the plaque assay, using secondary vervet monkey kidney cells and Vero cells as indicators. The roller tube method is the most reliable under difficult working conditions, but is otherwise cumbersome and expensive. The microtitre method is the most economical and the plaque assay the most sensitive. By suspending freshly trypsinized indicator cells with the virus dilutions before planting, it was possible to simplify the microtitre method considerably. The sensitivity of the plaque assay was improved for Vero cells by absorbing the virus onto freshly planted monolayers. The method was scaled down to a semi-micro level by using 24-well cell culture trays. The slower rate of plaque development under a low calcium overlay medium facilitated a more accurate plaque count.     

组态视角下的新冠疫情防控成效研究——基于22个国家的定性比较分析*

目的 识别影响疫情防控的关键要素和路径组合,探求影响各国防控差异的机制,为疫情常态化防控提供理论指导。方法 运用清晰集定性比较分析(csQCA)方法,以世界22个典型国家为案例对象,主要从Our World in Data网站获取新冠疫情相关数据,对案例各条件变量及其非集进行必要性分析,对条件组态进行充分性分析。结果 必要性检验一致性水平均低于0.9; 输出5种组态,且单个解(组态)和总体解的一致性均为1,实现了完全一致性。结论 单个要素影响力较弱; 国家低确诊人数存在5条驱动路径,可归纳为资源丰富-弱疫苗型、信任驱动-强疫苗型、经济发达-地理优势型3种模式; 较高的人均GDP、人均床位数和信任度是影响新冠确诊人数的核心要素。     

双色谱柱双FID顶空气相色谱法测量乙醇 浓度的一致性评价

目的 研究双色谱柱双FID检测器顶空气相色谱法（双柱双检法）测量乙醇浓度的一致性,探讨不同一致性评价方法应用价值,为司法鉴定中涉嫌“醉驾”案件准确检测乙醇浓度提供理论依据。方法 配置浓度为80mg/100ml 乙醇溶液和4mg/100ml叔丁醇的混合样。使用自动进样器进样,然后用配备色谱柱和双FIDs的HS-GC分别分析样品。共进行了20次试验,分别计算FID-1和FID-2组的乙醇浓度。采用配对 t 检验、Pearson相关分析、组内相关系数、Bland- Altman 法、ATE/LER区域法等,对两组乙醇检测结果进行一致性评价。结果 FID-1组乙醇浓度为（79.57±1.65） mg/100ml,RSD为2.07%;FID-2组为（81.42±1.33） mg/100 ml,RSD为1.63%。配对 t 检验: t =-7.69（ P <0.001）;Pearson相关系数: r =0.757（ P <0.001）;组内相关系数: ICC =0.739（ P <0.001）;Bland-Altman 法显示,95%的点均落在一致性限内;ATE/LER区域法显示,100%点落在ATE区域,无点落在LER区域。结论 推荐联合使用Bland- Altman图分析法、ATE/LER区域法和组内相关系数作为双柱双检法检测样本中乙醇浓度的一致性评价方法。 双柱双检法测量乙醇浓度的一致性良好。但还应结合测量不确定度等方面对FID-1、FID-2的结果进一步研究。     

高校附属医院文化建设和党建工作的关系研究

文化建设与党建工作之间存在着一定的关联,随着经济的不断发展,我国卫生管理体制改革也不断深入,在此过程中,对于高校附属医院文化建设和党建工作提出更高水平的要求。从医院层面来看,通过加强文化建设以及发展党建工作,能够有效提高医院的凝聚力,促进医院树立良好的形象、培养优秀的医护人员等。文化建设和党建工作息息相关,在医院管理与发展的过程中,两者之间相辅相成。文章在研究的过程中,采用访谈法、问卷调查法等方法,通过访谈法、问卷调查法对医院各个方面人员进行调查,根据调查结果总结高校附属医院文化建设和党建工作的关系。     

Moral reasoning as a catalyst for cultural competence and culturally responsive care

The importance of developing cultural competence among healthcare professionals is well recognized. However, the widespread reports of insensitivity and deficiencies in care for culturally diverse patients illuminate the need to review how cultural competence development is taught, learnt and applied in practice. Unless we can alter the ‘hearts and minds’ of practising nurses to provide the care that they know they should, culturally insensitive care will continue operating in subtle ways. This paper explores the ideas behind nurses’ actions and omissions when caring for culturally diverse patients and proposes the need to examine cultural competence development through a moral reasoning lens. Examining cultural competence development through a moral reasoning lens can help empower nurses, whilst nurturing commitment and courage to providing quality care that meets the needs of culturally diverse patients. The model of morality provides a framework that explores how moral motivation and behaviour occur and can provide a vehicle for critically examining the knowledge, skills and attitudes required to provide culturally responsive care.     

中国“顶刊热”的冷思考:基于40年研究主题的多层次国际比较研究

【目的】 在全球视野下,从宏观、中观、微观层面分析中国顶刊论文研究主题的特征及趋势。【方法】 基于1980—2020年Nature和Science期刊上的研究型论文,利用对比分析法,从时间维度对我国顶刊论文不同层级的研究主题展开国际比较研究。【结果】 中国顶刊论文学科结构沿着与全球趋同的方向演进;中国顶刊论文覆盖的研究领域较少,一些增长型和衰减型研究领域呈现追随全球的显著趋势;中国顶刊论文研究主题多为追随型,起步晚、时滞长。【结论】 高水平研究的发展,不仅需要科研人员更加注重论文的内在质量,科技期刊也应充分发挥“把关人”作用,机构与国家应健全科研评价体系,为推动我国高水平研究提供良好的发展氛围与制度保障。     

户外活动时间与学龄前文化课学习情况对中小学生视力不良的交互作用

目的 分析户外活动时间与学龄前参加文化课学习情况的交互作用与中小学生视力不良的关系,为制定防控中小学生视力不良的策略和措施提供科学依据。方法 采用分层整群随机抽样法于2018年9-11月在湖南省抽取8 467名小学四年级到高中三年级学生进行体格检查和问卷调查。相乘交互作用建立多因素Logistic回归模型,并计算交互作用超额危险度(RERI)、交互作用归因比(API)及交互作用指数 S (Index S)探讨户外活动时间与学龄前文化课学习对视力不良的相加交互作用。结果 8 467名调查对象中视力不良检出人数为5 612名,检出率为66.28%。学龄前参加过文化课学习者,视力不良的发生风险是不参加学习者的1.500倍(95%CI:1.331~1.689,P<0.001),每日户外活动<2 h的学生发生视力不良的风险是每日户外活动≥2 h者的1.247倍(95%CI:1.103~1.409,P<0.001)。户外活动时间与学龄前文化课学习的交互作用项具有统计学意义(P_交互=0.003)。在调整相关因素后,户外活动时间与学龄前文化课学习的RERI、API、Index S分别为0.529、0.310、3.973。结论 中小学生户外活动时间、学龄前文化课学习均与视力不良发生风险相关,并两者对视力不良有交互作用。因此,应加强学龄前儿童的户外活动,以预防视力不良发生。     

抗幽门螺杆菌感染二种三联疗法的临床比较

目的　选择高效安全价廉适宜基层医院应用推广的根除幽门螺杆菌 (Hp)的方案。观察二种三联疗法(洛赛克、克拉霉素、阿莫西林、简称LCA ;善胃得、替硝唑、阿莫西林、简称ZTA)抗Hp感染的疗效 ,并与对照组 (泰胃美、简称Tag;普瑞博思、简称Pre)作比较。方法 :对 165例确诊为Hp感染的胃炎及溃疡病者 ,随机分治疗组 83例 (A组 42例、B组 41例 )和对照组 82例 (A1 组 41例均为溃疡、B1 组 41例均为胃炎 )。A组用LCA方案共一周 ,B组用ZTA方案二周 ;A1 组用Tag四周 ,B1 组用Pre十天。除A1 组 1例B1 组 2例失访外 162例治疗后 6周作呼吸试验 ( 1 3C-UBT、部分1 4C -UBT)等以观察近期疗效 ;14 6例 (A组 40例B组 37例 ,A1 组 36例B1 年组 33例 )一年后作胃镜等复查 ,确定Hp根除率及评价远期疗效。结果 :近期Hp根除率治疗组 91.6% (A组 95 .2 %、B组 87.8% )比对照组 35 .4% (A1 组 40 .4%、B1 组 30 .8% )高 (P <0 .0 1) ;远期Hp根除率治疗组 81.8% (A组 85 .0 %、B组 78.4% )明显高于对照组 30 .4% (A1 组 33.3%、B1 组 2 7.3% ) (P <0 .0 1) ;溃疡组 ,治疗A组Hp根除率 82 .6% ,B组 76.5 %均明显高于A1组 33.3% (P <0 .0 1) ;溃疡愈合率治疗组 87.5 % (A组 91.3%、B组 82 .4% )明显高于对照组 5 2 .8% (P <0 .0 1)     

Racism,stress and health in Asian Americans: A structural equation analysis of mediation and social support group differences

The buffering effect of social support on the negative effects of racism exposure on health outcomes has been mixed in prior studies regarding Asian Americans. Based on the stress-coping framework and using structural equation modelling (SEM) methods, we tested a theoretical model portraying simultaneous mediational paths from racism exposure to general physical and mental health through racism-related stress. Bootstrap analysis was used to test the indirect effects present in the model. Additionally, multi-group SEM analysis was conducted to investigate the moderation effect of social support from family and friends on the paths in the model. The sample consisted of 310 Asian American adults who completed an online survey. The results from the two-step SEM analysis and bootstrap analysis supported the theoretical model—racism exposure can simultaneously have a negative indirect effect on Asian Americans' physical and mental health via racism-related stress. Multi-group SEM analysis showed that there were no differences in model path coefficients based on having varying levels of social support from friends or family.