高效毛细管电泳法同时测定尿液清蛋白和肌酐

目的建立同时测定尿液清蛋白和肌酐的高效毛细管电泳法。方法对缓冲系统、pH值、缓冲液的离子强度、检测波长、表面活性剂、电压及电流和进样方法等进行研究,建立同时测定清蛋白和肌酐的毛细管电泳法。结果选择20mmol/L、pH9.3硼砂-NaOH(含6mmol/LSDS)缓冲液作为毛细管区带电泳运行液,利用外标法定量,检测波长214nm,同时测定肌酐和清蛋白。非涂层毛细管有效长度47.5cm,内径75μm;电流79μA,压力进样1psi、4s,电泳时间为12min。肌酐和清蛋白的线性范围分别为4.32～8840μmol/L和1.95～1000mg/L,肌酐和清蛋白最低检出限分别为0.977μmol/L和0.285mg/L。本法的日内和日间变异系数均小于4.8%。肌酐和清蛋白的平均回收率分别为99.6%和102.4%。结论建立的方法线性范围宽,测定简单快速,可用于临床检测。     

Anti-osteoporotic effect of Erythrina variegata L. in ovariectomized rats

The present study was designed to investigate whether Erythrina variegata L. (EV), which belongs to the leguminous family, exerted any beneficial effects on bone in ovariectomized rats. Daily oral administration of the EV extract at 300 and 600 mg/kg for 14 weeks to rats prevented the OVX-induced increase in the serum OCN, ALP, and urinary DPD levels. Histomorphometric analysis of the proximal end of the tibia showed that the EV extract prevented the estrogen deficiency-induced decrease in trabecular thickness and trabecular area, as well as restoring the increase in trabecular separation in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, the EV extract improved the energy absorption and stiffness of the mid-shaft of the rat femur. Thus, the present study clearly demonstrated that EV could suppress the high rate of bone turnover induced by estrogen deficiency, inhibit bone loss and improve the biomechanical properties of bone in the OVX rats.     

Attenuation of diabetic nephropathy by Chaihuang-Yishen granule through anti-inflammatory mechanism in streptozotocin-induced rat model of diabetics

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Traditional Chinese medical herbs have been used in China for a long time to treat different diseases. Based on traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) principle, Chaihuang-Yishen granule (CHYS) was developed and has been employed clinically to treat chronic kidney disease including diabetic nephropathy (DN). The present study was designed to investigate its mechanism of action in treatment of DN.

Materials and methods

Diabetic rats were established by having a right uninephrectomy plus a single intraperitoneal injection of STZ. Rats were divided into four groups of sham, diabetes, diabetes with CHYS and diabetes with fosinopril. CHYS and fosinopril were given to rats by gavage for 20 weeks. Samples from blood, urine and kidney were collected for biochemical, histological, immunohistochemical and molecular analyses.

Results

Rats treated with CHYS showed reduced 24 h urinary protein excretion, decreased serum TC and TG levels, but CHYS treatment did not affect blood glucose level. Glomerular mesangial expansion and tubulointerstitial fibrosis in diabetic rats were significantly alleviated by CHYS treatment. Moreover, CHYS administration markedly reduced mRNA levels of NF-κB p65 and TGF-β1, as well as decreased protein levels of NF-κB p65, MCP-1, TNF-α and TGF-β1 in the kidney of diabetic rats.

Conclusions

CHYS ameliorates renal injury in diabetic rats through reduction of inflammatory cytokines and their intracellular signaling.     

Two generation reproduction and teratogenicity studies of feeding cyadox in Wistar rats

To investigate the teratogenic potential and reproductive toxicity of cyadox, a growth promoting agent, Wistar rats (F₀) were fed with diets containing cyadox (0, 50, 150 and 2500 mg/kg) or olaquindox (150 mg/kg), approximately equivalent to cyadox 5, 15, 250 or olaquindox 15 mg/kg b.w./day across two generations. Half of the pregnant rats (F₀, F_1b) were subjected to caesarean section on gestational day 20 for teratogenic examination and the other half produced pups F_1a and F_2a, respectively. At the 250 mg/kg b.w./day cyadox group, body weights of F_1b pregnant rats and F_2a on day 21 after birth decreased; fetal body lengths and tail lengths decreased; the number of fetal resorptions increased significantly; litter weights, number of viable fetuses decreased; number of embryo resorptions increased significantly; number of liveborn F_1a, F_1b and F_2a decreased. No macroscopic or microscopic change of any significance was found in the reproductive organs. Significant increases in the incidence of cervial ribs or lumbar ribs in F_2a pups and significant increases of relative organ weight of testis and epididymis in F_1b were observed at the 250 mg/kg b.w./day cyadox group. The NOAEL for reproduction/development of cyadox for rats was estimated to be 150 mg/kg diet, which was equivalent to approximately 15 mg/kg b.w./day.     

金水宝联合缬沙坦治疗2型糖尿病肾病的早期疗效

目的：观察金水宝联合缬沙坦对尿微量白蛋白排泄率及尿白蛋白/肌酐比值的影响,探讨其对糖尿病肾病的早期保护。方法：90例2型糖尿病早期肾病患者,随机分成常规对照组、缬沙坦组、金水宝联合缬沙坦组,经6个月治疗后,观察尿白蛋白排泄率和尿白蛋白/肌酐比值的变化,评价金水宝联合缬沙坦的肾脏保护作用。结果：缬沙坦组尿白蛋白排泄率和尿白蛋白/肌酐比值较常规对照组都有下降（P〈0.05）;金水宝联合缬沙坦组下降更加明显,达到了统计学显著性差异（P〈0.01）,与缬沙坦组相比也有差异（P〈0.05）。结论：金水宝联合缬沙坦降低尿白蛋白排泄率和尿白蛋白/肌酐比值较单用缬沙坦更明显。     

2型糖尿病患者糖化血红蛋白、餐后血糖与尿微量白蛋白／肌酐比值的相关性分析

目的探讨空腹血糖达标的2型糖尿病（T2DM）患者糖化血红蛋白（HbAlc）、餐后2小时血糖值（2hPBG）与尿微量白蛋白／肌酐比值（Malb／Cr）的关系。方法选择132例空腹血糖〈7．0mmol／L的T2DM患者及30例健康体检者,Malb测定用免疫比浊法,Cr用氧化酶法,HbAlc用亲和层析高效液相法,血糖用葡萄糖氧化酶法。分析比较两组以上四项指标的测定结果。结果全部T2DM患者Malb／Cr均高于正常对照组,2hPBG及HbAlc未达标者Malb／Cr明显高于2h PBG和HbAlc达标者,也高于2h PBG和HbAlc任一项达标者。结论T2DM患者FBG控制达标后,糖化血红蛋白及餐后血糖控制不好依然会使尿白蛋白排泄率增加,故糖尿病人要同时重视FBG、2hPBG、HbAlc及Malb／Cr的监测。     

Porphyrinuria in childhood autistic disorder is not associated with urinary creatinine deficiency

Background: Urinary metabolite measurements are often normalized to levels of the ubiquitous metabolite creatinine (CRT) to take account of variations in fluid export. Following CRT normalization, excesses of porphyrins and isoprostanes have been reported in the urines of children with neurodevelopmental disorders. It was suggested (Whiteley et al. , 2006, Pediatr. Int. 2006; 48 : 292–297) that urinary CRT levels may be depressed in children with autism spectrum disorders. This prompted re-evaluation of CRT levels in such children.
Methods: First matinal urinary CRT levels were compared between subjects in different diagnostic categories including autistic disorder, pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS) and hyperactivity, before and after correction for age and gender. A larger reference group, consisting of subjects with unrelated disorders and Asperger disorder, with no reported porphyrin excess, was also compared to the group with autistic disorder, both for CRT and for porphyrin (coproporphyrin, COPRO) excess.
Results: No significant difference in CRT was observed between any of the categories analyzed, also when corrected for age and gender. In contrast, urinary COPRO levels were significantly higher in autistic disorder versus reference groups, either when expressed as absolute values (independent of CRT levels) or when normalized to CRT.
Conclusions: These data do not support a systematic reduction in urinary CRT levels in subjects with autism spectrum disorders including autistic disorder and PDD-NOS. Urinary COPRO excess in autistic disorder was not associated with or consequent upon urinary CRT deficiency. Differences between affected and control subjects in age and sampling time, as reported by Whiteley et al. , may underlie the apparent CRT reduction.     

血清胱抑素 C 在狼疮性肾病中评估肾小球滤过率的研究

目的 比较不同肾小球滤过率系统性红斑狼疮（SLE）患者血清胱抑素C（CysC）水平,探讨CysC与肾小球滤过率的相关性.方法 选择柳州医学高等专科学校第一附属医院2008年1月～2013年1月收治的SLE患者128例,按内生肌酐清除率（Ccr）值分为3组：Ccr≥90 mL/（min·1.73 m2）为CKD1组（41例）;60≤Ccr＜ 90mL/（min· 1.73m2）为CKD2组（43例）;Ccr＜60 mL/（min· 1.73 m2）为CKD3组（44例）.对照组30例为健康体检者.测定各组CysC水平、血肌酐（Scr）,计算Ccr、肾小球率过滤（CG-GFR）.采用ROC曲线比较诊断价值.结果 ①CKD2组、CKD3组患者CysC水平均明显高于CKD1组及对照组;CKD3组CysC水平高于CKD2组,差异均有高度统计学意义（P＜0.01）,显示随Ccr下降,CysC水平逐渐升高.②以Ccr 90 mL/（min· 1.73 m2）和60 mL/（min·1.73 m2）为切点作CysC、CG-GFR、Scr的ROC曲线,曲线下面积差异有高度统计学意义（P＜0.01）;以Ccr 30 mL/（min·1.73 m2）为切点作CysC、CG-GFR、Scr的ROC曲线,曲线下面积差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.结论 Ccr在90 mL/（min·1.73 m2）和60 mL/（min·1.73 m2）时,CysC对Ccr的诊断效能最强.CysC水平的升高与狼疮性肾病密切有关,能敏感地评估狼疮性肾病早中期肾功能损害.     

2型糖尿病患者慢性肾脏病和蛋白尿的相关性分析

目的:探讨2型糖尿病(DM2)患者中1、2级慢性肾脏病(CKD1、CKD2)和蛋白尿的相关性。方法:对591例(男性:438例;女性:153例)DM2人群进行和断面调查。采用简化MDRD公式估算肾小球滤过率(eGFR)划分CKD1和CKD2。通过随机尿中白蛋白与肌酐比值(ACR,mg/g)确定蛋白尿。结果:CKD1组无蛋白尿、微量蛋白尿、大量蛋白尿的发生率分别为78.9%、18.1%和3.0%,CKD2组分别为63.4%、24.8%和11.8%。控制年龄、性别、糖尿病病程、体重指数、血压、血脂、空腹血糖和糖化血红蛋白,Logistic回归分析显示,微量蛋白尿较无蛋白尿的糖尿病患者发生CKD2危险性的OR(95%CI)值是3.06(1.19-7.84)倍;大量蛋白尿较无蛋白尿的糖尿病患者发生CKD2危险性的OR值是6.00(2.43-14.78)倍。结论:蛋白尿与CKD的发展联系紧密,是CKD1发展为CKD2的独立危险因素。