环丙沙星软膏治疗创面细菌感染的实验研究

用歪丙沙星软膏治疗小鼠创面细菌感染，结果表明，该药对金黄色葡萄球菌、溶血性链球菌以及绿脓杆菌感染均有明显的治疗作用，能有效和迅速地抑制细菌，促进创面的愈合。本药疗效明显优于对照药物诺氟沙星乳膏、红霉素软膏以及磺胺嘧啶银盐软膏。     

“801”霜对兔足重度冻伤实验治疗研究

本文简述了用液体冷冻方法,造成兔足重度冻伤后,采用“801”霜局部外敷治疗。结果表明:冻区存活面积空白对照组为14.70±2.78％,,标准药物对照组为45.84±3.63％,实验治疗组为84.60±2.18％。各组均数之间的差别都非常显著。说明“801”霜对兔足重度冻伤有显著治疗作用。     

Supplementation of an adapted formula with bovine lactoferrin: 1. Effect on the infant faecal flora

The development of the infant faecal flora was studied over the first three months of life in infants receiving breast milk, a modern adapted formula and adaptations of this formula. Breast-fed infants developed a flora rich in Bifidobacterium sp. Facultative anaerobes were ubiquitous, but in relatively small numbers within the diet group. Other obligate anaerobes, such as Clostridium sp. and Bacteriodes sp. were rarely isolated. Standard formula produced a flora rich in bifidobacteria, but the growth of facultative organisms was not suppressed by this diet. Clostridium sp. and Bacteroides sp. were more common in this feeding group. After the addition of lactoferrin at 10 mg/100 ml to the formula diet, a flora similar to that of the standard formula-fed babies was achieved. Lactoferrin at 100 mg/100 ml was able to establish a "bifidus flora" in half of the babies given this formula, but only at age three months. Clostridium sp. and Bacteroides sp. were common faecal isolates from babies receiving both the lactoferrin diets.     

两种人工晶体计算公式预测闭角型青光眼合并白内障患者超声乳化手术后屈光度准确性的比较

目的 比较闭角型青光眼(ACG)合并白内障患者行白内障超声乳化联合人工晶状体植入术两种人工晶体测算公式预测术后屈光度准确性。 方法 前瞻性系列病例研究。观察2017年1月至2017年8月在行白内障手术的房角关闭≤180°的ACG并白内障患者46 例(46眼)术前、术后3个月的视力,眼压、最佳矫正视力、中央前房深度的变化情况,记录术前SRK-T与Haigis公式各自预测术后屈光度数、术后实际屈光度数,预期术后屈光度数与术后等效球镜差值的绝对值记为绝对屈光误差值(ME),比较两种公式ME。 结果 术后3个月46眼与术前相比视力及最佳矫正视力提高,眼压下降,中央前房深度明显加深,且差异均有统计学意义(t=-3.98~-10.14, P≤0.01)。受检眼术后残余屈光度为-0.79±0.45 D,SRK-T公式术前预期屈光度为-0.89±0.17 D,其ME为0.34±0.27 D;Haigis公式术前预期屈光度为-1.01±1.04 D,其ME为0.65±0.48 D。两组间ME的差异有统计学意义(t=-4.05, P<0.05)。AL与SRK-T 公式ME呈显著负相关性(r=-0.64, P≤0.01),而与Haigis公式ME无显著相关性(r=-0.09, P>0.05)。 结论 对于ACG合并白内障患者行白内障超声乳化联合人工晶状体植入术是安全有效的;对此类患者选择SRK-T人工晶体测算公式术后屈光度准确性可能更高。     

Mildly Pasteurized Whey Protein Promotes Gut Tolerance in Immature Piglets Compared with Extensively Heated Whey Protein

Human milk is the optimal diet for infant development, but infant milk formula (IMF) must be available as an alternative. To develop high-quality IMF, bovine milk processing is required to ensure microbial safety and to obtain a protein composition that mimics human milk. However, processing can impact the quality of milk proteins, which can influence gastro-intestinal (GI) tolerance by changing digestion, transit time and/or absorption. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of structural changes of proteins due to thermal processing on gastro-intestinal tolerance in the immature GI tract. Preterm and near-term piglets received enteral nutrition based on whey protein concentrate (WPC) either mildly pasteurized (MP-WPC) or extensively heated (EH-WPC). Clinical symptoms, transit time and gastric residuals were evaluated. In addition, protein coagulation and protein composition of coagulates formed during in vitro digestion were analyzed in more detail. Characterization of MP-WPC and EH-WPC revealed that mild pasteurization maintained protein nativity and reduced aggregation of β-lactoglobulin and α-lactalbumin, relative to EH-WPC. Mild pasteurization reduced the formation of coagulates during digestion, resulting in reduced gastric residual volume and increased intestinal tract content. In addition, preterm piglets receiving MP-WPC showed reduced mucosal bacterial adherence in the proximal small intestine. Finally, in vitro digestion studies revealed less protein coagulation and lower levels of β-lactoglobulin and α-lactalbumin in the coagulates of MP-WPC compared with EH-WPC. In conclusion, minimal heat treatment of WPC compared with extensive heating promoted GI tolerance in immature piglets, implying that minimal heated WPC could improve the GI tolerance of milk formulas in infants.     

Whole Goat Milk as a Source of Fat and Milk Fat Globule Membrane in Infant Formula

Cow milk is the most common dairy milk and has been extensively researched for its functional, technological and nutritional properties for a wide range of products. One such product category is infant formula, which is the most suitable alternative to feed infants, when breastfeeding is not possible. Most infant formulas are based on cow milk protein ingredients. For several reasons, consumers now seek alternatives such as goat milk, which has increasingly been used to manufacture infant, follow-on and young child formulas over the last 30 years. While similar in many aspects, compositional and functional differences exist between cow and goat milk. This offers the opportunity to explore different formulations or manufacturing options for formulas based on goat milk. The use of whole goat milk as the only source of proteins in formulas allows levels of milk fat, short and medium chain fatty acids, sn-2 palmitic acid, and milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) to be maximised. These features improve the composition and microstructure of whole goat milk-based infant formula, providing similarities to the complex human milk fat globules, and have been shown to benefit digestion, and cognitive and immune development. Recent research indicates a role for milk fat and MFGM on digestive health, the gut–brain axis and the gut–skin axis. This review highlights the lipid composition of whole goat milk-based infant formula and its potential for infant nutrition to support healthy digestion, brain development and immunity. Further work is warranted on the role of these components in allergy development and the advantages of goat milk fat and MFGM for infant nutrition and health.     

Diabetes-Specific Nutrition Formulas in the Management of Patients with Diabetes and Cardiometabolic Risk

Food-based dietary management, enhanced with evidence-based commercial products, such as diabetes-specific nutrition formulas (DSNFs), can help control the development, progression, and severity of certain chronic diseases. In this review, evidence is detailed on the use of DSNFs in patients with or at risk for diabetes and cardiometabolic-based chronic disease. Many DSNF strategies target glycemic excursions and cardiovascular physiology, taking into account various elements of healthy eating patterns. Nevertheless, significant research, knowledge, and practice gaps remain. These gaps are actionable in terms of formulating and testing relevant and pragmatic research questions, developing an educational program for the uniform distribution of information, and collaboratively writing clinical practice guidelines that incorporate the evidence base for DSNF. In sum, the benefits of DNSF as part of validated clinical practice algorithms include mitigation of chronic disease progression, cost-savings for the healthcare system, and applicability on a global scale     

痤螨灵霜的制备及临床应用

目的 介绍痤螨灵霜的制备及临床应用。方法 将134例患随机分成两组。治疗组采用痤螨灵霜,对照组采用新肤螨灵霜进行临床对比观察。结果 治疗组总有效率为97．2％,对照组总有效率为88．7％,两组比较有显性差异（P＜0．05）。结论 痤螨灵霜对痤疮疗效确切,使用方便,无刺激性。     

实验研究

目的：筛选治疗芥子气皮肤损伤的有效药物。方法：以刚断奶小猪为动物模型,染毒创面经连续1周分别外用速愈平,医用几丁糖,肤康霜,喜疗妥4种药物后,观察创面形态学和组织病理学变化,并取创面活检标本用流式细胞术分析细胞DNA周期变化来评价细胞增殖活力。结果：大体形态学发现,治疗组与对照组相比,红斑糜烂期出现时间,程度和范围无明显差别,但其中速愈平,几丁糖,肤康霜3组创面结痂时间早,愈合时间短,组织病理学观察也表明这3组创面细胞和纤维增生活跃,而喜疗妥组和对照组相比无明显差别,流式细胞术分析结果显示速愈平,几丁糖,肤康霜3组的创面S＋G2＋M期细胞比例显著高于喜疗妥组和对照组。结论：速愈平,几丁糖,肤康霜对猪皮肤芥子气损伤创面愈合有一定的促进作用。     

关于CRRT滤器清除率计算公式的验证和讨论

目的:验证一种更适用CRRT滤器产品清除率计算的公式。方法:按产品使用说明书设置血液流速、透析液流速和超滤率,分别测定尿素、肌酐、磷酸氢二钾和维生素B12四种物质在血液出入口和透析液出口的浓度,用YY 0053-2016《血液透析及相关治疗血液透析器、血液透析滤过器、血液滤过器和血液浓缩器》公式(使用血液侧浓度)和需验证的公式(使用透析液侧浓度)计算产品的清除率。结果:连续性血液透析使用血液侧浓度计算的清除率偏差明显高于使用透析液侧浓度计算的清除率偏差。结论:对于CRRT滤器来说,使用透析液侧浓度的公式进行清除率的计算偏差更小,更加准确。