Mechanisms of the Bushen Huoxue formula in the treatment of osteoarthritis based on network pharmacology-molecular targets

Background:Osteoarthritis is a common degenerative disease with a high incidence, high disability rate, and poor prognosis. Clinical studies have shown that Bushen Huoxue formula can relieve joint swelling and pain and improve limb function and joint mobility, but there is a lack of high-quality scientific basis. Using network pharmacology and molecular docking technology to study the mechanism of Bushen Huoxue formula in the treatment of osteoarthritis.Methods:First, the active ingredients and corresponding target predictions of the formula were obtained through the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform and the China National Knowledge Infrastructure. Meanwhile, the osteoarthritis disease targets were obtained through the genome annotation database platform (GeneCards) and the DrugBank database, and the target proteins obtained above were standardized using the Uniprot (https://www.uniprot.org) database standardization of names. Then, the Venn diagram was created by taking the intersection of the active ingredient and the target of the disease, and the “active ingredient-target” network was constructed and analyzed using Cytoscape 3.7.2 software. At the same time, the intersecting targets were imported into the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interaction Gene/Proteins database to build a protein-protein interaction network and to screen the core targets; the intersecting targets were visualized by using the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery 6.8 database for gene ontology functional analysis and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis, and construct the “active ingredient-target-pathway” network. Finally, the main active ingredients of the formula for tonifying the kidney and invigorating the blood were validated by molecular docking with the core targets.Results:A total of 194 active ingredients and 365 targets of the Bushen Huoxue formula were collected, 776 targets for osteoarthritis diseases and 96 targets for the intersection of active ingredients and diseases. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis yielded 104 relevant pathways, including tumor necrosis factor signaling pathways, cancer signaling pathways, nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor signaling pathways, Toll-like receptors signaling pathways, and osteoclast differentiation, apoptosis, T-cell receptor signaling pathway, and other related pathways. The molecular docking results showed good binding of the main active ingredients to the core targets.Conclusion:This study shows that the treatment of osteoarthritis involves multicomponent, multitarget, and multipathway processes. The mechanism of anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, inhibition of cartilage matrix degradation, and reduction of subchondral bone destruction may be an important mechanism for the therapeutic effect.     

聚维酮碘乳膏治疗足癣的临床研究

目的:观察聚维酮碘乳膏治疗足癣的疗效。方法:将符合入选标准的94例患者随机分两组,治疗组清洁局部后将聚维酮碘乳膏涂敷于患处,bid。对照组予派瑞松霜按照药品说明书使用。两组均疗程3周。对痊愈者随访半年。结果:临床治愈率治疗组64.44%,两组比较U=2.883,P<0.01;有效率治疗组93.33%,两组比较X2=7.866,P<0.01;真菌清除率治疗组94.77%,两组比较X2=0.679,P=0.372;不良反应率治疗组4.44%,两组比较X2=4.0226,P=0.0432;随访半年痊愈者复发率治疗组6.89%(2/29),两组比较X2=3.9455,P=0.0421。结论:聚维酮碘乳膏治疗足癣安全有效。     

愈疮膏治疗动物疮疡模型实验研究

目的：探讨愈疮膏的药理作用。方法：用愈疮膏对大白鼠进行疮疡模型治疗实验,经血清溶菌酶含量测定和组织病理学检查,并设京万红组作阳性对照,凡士林组作基质对照。结果：愈疮膏组对实验大鼠的组织修复及创口愈口明显优于京万红组和凡士林组。结论：愈疮膏有促进创口愈合的作用。     

甲真菌病临床评分指数计算公式的推导和计算尺的研制

目的：建立甲真菌病临床评分指数（SCIO）的计算公式和计算尺。方法：根据甲真菌病的发展规律和系统抗真菌治疗甲真菌病的原理,按Sergeev评分规则,应用数学分析方法进行推导和设计计算尺。结果：SCIO计算尺由一直尺和其上的一游标组成。直尺上刻有两组带有刻度的直线,滑动直尺上的游标,即可通过游标上的垂直线读出所要求的SCIO值。结论：SCIO计算游标尺具有使用方便、便于携带的优点。     

Study on the Actuating Performance of an Embedded Macro Fiber Composite Considering the Shear Lag Effect

Macro fiber composite (MFC), which are new ultrathin piezoelectric smart materials, are mostly applied in the fields of shell structure deformation and vibration control. Among others, the application of embedded MFCs in sandwich structures has received wide attention. Currently, its actuating force formula is primarily acquired based on the Bernoulli–Euler Model, which does not consider the shear lag effect and actuating force of MFC ends. To study the actuating performance of an MFC in a sandwich structure, according to its action characteristics, the MFC is divided into upper and lower actuating units without any interaction between to two under the condition of plane strain, and the shear lag effect is considered between the units and the top and bottom of the sandwich structure. The actuating force of the MFC ends is obtained by considering its influence on the bending deformation of the sandwich structure, which deduces the actuating force formula of the embedded MFC. In contrast to ANSYS piezoelectric simulation, the distribution of the MFC interior normal stress is similar to the result from ANSYS piezoelectric simulation, and there is a very small deviation between the MFC end and central normal stress and the result from ANSYS piezoelectric simulation. Taking the end deflection of the sandwich structure with an embedded MFC as an example, the actuating force simulation of the MFC considering the shear lag effect is compared with the ANSYS piezoelectric simulation and actuating force simulation based on the Bernoulli–Euler model. The result indicates that the actuating force simulation of the MFC considering the shear lag effect is closer to the ANSYS piezoelectric simulation, which proves the rationality and necessity of considering the shear lag effect and end actuating force of the MFC.     

Effects of an Amino Acid-Based Formula Supplemented with Two Human Milk Oligosaccharides on Growth,Tolerability, Safety,and Gut Microbiome in Infants with Cow’s Milk Protein Allergy

This open-label, non-randomized, multicenter trial (Registration: {"type":"clinical-trial","attrs":{"text":"NCT 03661736","term_id":"NCT03661736"}}NCT 03661736) aimed to assess if an amino acid-based formula (AAF) supplemented with two human milk oligosaccharides (HMO) supports normal growth and is well tolerated in infants with a cow’s milk protein allergy (CMPA). Term infants aged 1–8 months with moderate-to-severe CMPA were enrolled. The study formula was an AAF supplemented with 2′-fucosyllactose (2′-FL) and lacto-N-neotetraose (LNnT). Infants were fed the study formula for 4 months and were offered to remain on the formula until 12 months of age. Tolerance and safety were assessed throughout the trial. Out of 32 infants (mean age 18.6 weeks; 20 (62.5%) male), 29 completed the trial. During the 4-month principal study period, the mean weight-for-age Z score (WAZ) increased from –0.31 at the baseline to +0.28 at the 4-months’ follow-up. Linear and head growth also progressed along the WHO child growth reference, with a similar small upward trend. The formula was well tolerated and had an excellent safety profile. When comparing the microbiome at the baseline to the subsequent visits, there was a significant on-treatment enrichment in HMO-utilizing bifidobacteria, which was associated with a significant increase in fecal short-chain fatty acids. In addition, we observed a significant reduction in the abundance of fecal Proteobacteria, suggesting that the HMO-supplemented study formula partially corrected the gut microbial dysbiosis in infants with CMPA.     

Comparison of newer Kane formula with Sanders Retzlaff Kraff/Theoretical and Barrett Universal II for calculation of intraocular lens power in Indian eyes

Purpose:To compare the efficacy of Kane formula with Sanders Retzlaff Kraff/Theoretical (SRK/T) and Barrett Universal II in predicting intraocular lens (IOL) power in Indian eyes.Methods:This retrospective study conducted in a tertiary care eye hospital. Data from patients having uneventful cataract surgery with Tecnis ZCB00 IOL implantation were obtained from Lenstar and electronic medical records. Eyes were divided into subgroups based on axial length (AL) as short (<22.0 mm), medium (22–24 mm), and long (>24 mm). The predicted refractive outcome for each patient was calculated after optimizing the lens constant. Prediction error was calculated by subtracting the predicted spherical equivalent from achieved spherical equivalent 1 week post-surgery. The mean absolute error (MAE) and median absolute error (MedAE) and percentage of eyes within 0.25, 0.5, 1, and 2 D were calculated for each formula. Friedman test, Cochrane Q test were used for statistical analysis.Results:Out of the 350 eyes included in the study, we found that without lens constant optimization, Barrett formula performed better than SRK/T and Kane (P < 0.0001). Over the entire range of axial lengths, Kane formula performed slightly inferior compared to Barrett and SRK-T, both of which performed equally well (P = 0.006). On subgroup analysis, Kane formula performed inferiorly for medium eyes as compared to the other two. No significant differences were noted between the formulae for short and long eyesConclusion:Kane formula did not outperform Barrett Universal II and SRK/T in Indian eyes.     

LASIK术后角膜前表面曲率的分析与预测

目的:比较Orbscan眼前节系统与经验公式所得准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术术后角膜前表面曲率的差异,评价经验公式预测的准确性.方法:对53例106眼在术前和术后1a进行Orbscan角膜曲率测量,用经验公式计算出术后角膜前表面曲率.结果:Orbscan和经验公式所得术后角膜前表面曲率分别为37.63±.38D,36.45±3.68D,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.001).在低度和中度近视组,两种方法所得术后角膜前表面曲率分别为39.18±2.57D,39.92±1.44D,差异无统计学意义(P=0.157);在高度近视组,两种方法所得术后角膜前表面曲率分别为37.10±2.07D,35.37±3.48D,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.001).结论:经验公式能准确预测低、中度近视患者LASIK术后的角膜前表面曲率.     

Assessment of antifungal efficacy of itraconazole loaded aspasomal cream: comparative clinical study

Topical conveyance of antifungal agents like itraconazole ITZ has been giving good grounds for expecting felicitous antifungal medicines. The defiance of topical delivery of this poorly water soluble and high-molecular-weight drug, however, mightily entail an adequate vehiculation. ITZ aspasomes, newer antioxidant generation of liposomes, have been designed and enclosed in a cream to ameliorate skin deposition. The proposed creams containing non-formulated ITZ or encapsulated in aspasomes (0.1% or 0.5%) were topically applied in patients with diagnosed diaper dermatitis complicated by candidiasis, tinea corporis (TC), and tinea versicolor (TVC). Placebos (void aspasomal cream and cream base) were also utilized. The obtained results for diaper rash revealed that aspasomal cream (0.5% ITZ) was eminent with respect to complete cure and negative candida culture after 10-day therapy relative to counterparts containing 0.1% ITZ aspasomes or non-formulated ITZ (0.1% and 0.5%). For tinea, the same trend was manifested in terms of ‘cleared’ clinical response in 90% of patients and absence of fungal elements after 4-week treatment. Relative to non-formulated ITZ, ITZ aspasomal cream was endorsed to be auspicious especially when ITZ concentration was lowered to half commercially available cream concentration (1%), pushing further exploitation in other dermal fungal infections.     

Studies of women eating diets with different fatty acid composition. III. Fatty acids and prostaglandin synthesis by platelets and cultured human endothelial cells.

The aim of this study was to determine how plasma fatty acids (FA) of subjects eating either a diet designed to match the US diet consumed in 1974 in fat content and composition in accord with the HANES I survey (US74) or a diet modified to meet the US Dietary Goal Recommendations (MOD) are altered, and how the changes affect platelet thromboxane (TXB2) synthesis, and prostacyclin (PGI2) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) synthesis by cultured human endothelial cells. Following a period of recorded self-selected diets, 10 women ate the US74 diet for 4 weeks, changing to the MOD diet for the next 4 weeks (sequence 1), and 10 ate the MOD diet followed by the US74 diet (sequence 2). Plasma triglycerides, free FA, platelet FA composition, and red blood cell phospholipids responded to the change from self-selected to controlled diets, but differences in responses were not seen between US74 and MOD diets. Red blood cell total FA did not respond to dietary changes. Under collagen but not thrombin stimulation, platelet TXB2 synthesis was correlated with platelet arachidonate concentration but not serum cholesterol. Endothelial cells were isolated from umbilical cord veins and incubated for 72 hours with a 20% medium of the women's plasma. In sequence 1 (high saturated FA to high polyunsaturated fatty acids), but not in 2 (reverse order), plasma from subjects eating the MOD diet decreased (p less than 0.05) basal and thrombin-stimulated PGI2 and PGE2 synthesis by the cells. These cells had a higher content of linoleic acid than cells from subjects eating the US74 diet. Thus, our study suggests that an increase in the intake of linoleic acid from 4.8 to 7.6 en% decreases PGI2 and PGE2 synthesis by human endothelial cells, and supplementation of the diet with linoleic acid has a longer period of effectiveness than its decrease in the diet.