一种新的耳廓形态学分类方法及在自体肋软骨外耳再造中的应用

目的：建立一种新的耳廓形态学分类方法,用于指导自体肋软骨外耳再造过程中肋软骨的雕刻,以期使再造耳的形态更加逼真、生动。方法：通过对200例单侧正常耳廓的形态特征进行观察研究,结合自体肋软骨外耳再造的雕刻过程,寻找对雕刻过程有指导意义的不同耳廓特征,根据这些特征建立一种新的耳廓形态学分类标准并在自体肋软骨外耳再造过程中系统指导肋软骨的雕刻细节,观察再造耳的表现效果。结果：根据外耳轮、对耳轮及对耳轮上、下脚的形态和层次,共将正常外耳分为9个类型,在新的分类标准指导下再造耳结构更加生动、逼真,取得了较好的临床治疗效果。结论：新的正常外耳分类,可以更好的应用到自体肋软骨外耳再造中去,可以将不同类型外耳的解剖细节在再造耳中表现出来,使其外观更加逼真、个性化。     

A CT scan protocol for the detection of radiographic loosening of the glenoid component after total shoulder arthroplasty

Background and purpose It is difficult to evaluate glenoid component periprosthetic radiolucencies in total shoulder arthroplasties (TSAs) using plain radiographs. This study was performed to evaluate whether computed tomography (CT) using a specific patient position in the CT scanner provides a better method for assessing radiolucencies in TSA.

Methods Following TSA, 11 patients were CT scanned in a lateral decubitus position with maximum forward flexion, which aligns the glenoid orientation with the axis of the CT scanner. Follow-up CT scanning is part of our routine patient care. Glenoid component periprosthetic lucency was assessed according to the Molé score and it was compared to routine plain radiographs by 5 observers.

Results The protocol almost completely eliminated metal artifacts in the CT images and allowed accurate assessment of periprosthetic lucency of the glenoid fixation. Positioning of the patient within the CT scanner as described was possible for all 11 patients. A radiolucent line was identified in 54 of the 55 observed CT scans and osteolysis was identified in 25 observations. The average radiolucent line Molé score was 3.4 (SD 2.7) points with plain radiographs and 9.5 (SD 0.8) points with CT scans

(p = 0.001). The mean intra-observer variance was lower in the CT scan group than in the plain radiograph group (p = 0.001).

Interpretation The CT scan protocol we used is of clinical value in routine assessment of glenoid periprosthetic lucency after TSA. The technique improves the ability to detect and monitor radiolucent lines and, therefore, possibly implant loosening also.     

Dact gene expression profiles suggest a role for this gene family in integrating Wnt and TGF‐β signaling pathways during chicken limb development

Background: Dact gene family encodes multifunctional proteins that are important modulators of Wnt and TGF‐β signaling pathways. Given that these pathways coordinate multiple steps of limb development, we investigated the expression pattern of the two chicken Dact genes (Dact1 and Dact2) from early limb bud up to stages when several tissues are differentiating. Results: During early limb development (HH24‐HH30) Dact1 and Dact2 were mainly expressed in the cartilaginous rudiments of the appendicular skeleton and perichondrium, presenting expression profiles related, but distinct. At later stages of development (HH31–HH35), the main sites of Dact1 and Dact2 expression were the developing synovial joints. In this context, Dact1 expression was shown to co‐localize with regions enriched in the nuclear β‐catenin protein, such as developing joint capsule and interzone. In contrast, Dact2 expression was restricted to the interzone surrounding the domains of bmpR‐1b expression, a TGF‐β receptor with crucial roles during digit morphogenesis. Additional sites of Dact expression were the developing tendons and digit blastemas. Conclusions: Our data indicate that Dact genes are good candidates to modulate and, possibly, integrate Wnt and TGF‐β signaling during limb development, bringing new and interesting perspectives about the roles of Dact molecules in limb birth defects and human diseases. Developmental Dynamics 243:428–439, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Multiple hereditary exostoses (MHE): elucidating the pathogenesis of a rare skeletal disorder through interdisciplinary research

An interdisciplinary and international group of clinicians and scientists gathered in Philadelphia, PA, to attend the fourth International Research Conference on Multiple Hereditary Exostoses (MHE), a rare and severe skeletal disorder. MHE is largely caused by autosomal dominant mutations in EXT1 or EXT2, genes encoding Golgi-associated glycosyltransferases responsible for heparan sulfate (HS) synthesis. HS chains are key constituents of cell surface- and extracellular matrix-associated proteoglycans, which are known regulators of skeletal development. MHE affected individuals are HS-deficient, can display skeletal growth retardation and deformities, and consistently develop benign, cartilage-capped bony outgrowths (termed exostoses or osteochondromas) near the growth plates of many skeletal elements. Nearly 2% of patients will have their exostoses progress to malignancy, becoming peripheral chondrosarcomas. Current treatments are limited to the surgical removal of symptomatic exostoses. No definitive treatments have been established to inhibit further formation and growth of exostoses, prevent transition to malignancy, or address other medical problems experienced by MHE patients, including chronic pain. Thus, the goals of the Conference were to assess our current understanding of MHE pathogenesis, identify key gaps in information, envision future therapeutic strategies and discuss ways to test and implement them. This report provides an assessment of the exciting and promising findings in MHE and related fields presented at the Conference and a discussion of the future MHE research directions. The Conference underlined the critical usefulness of gathering experts in several research fields to forge new alliances and identify cross-fertilization areas to benefit both basic and translational biomedical research on the skeleton.     

热带沿海地区断指再植的临床研究

目的:观察热带沿海地区断指再植的临床治疗效果,探讨高温高湿高盐环境对断指再植术的影响。方法:2009年4月～2011年10月我科收治58例66指断指患者,断指再植术按清创、骨固定、修复肌腱、吻合血管、吻接神经顺序进行手术,患者术后2周开始进行功能锻炼,4周拔克氏针,同时对存活的断指进行功能评定。结果:所有患者均顺利完成手术,成活60指,坏死6指,成活率为90.9%。远节断指再植术成活率显著高于近节断指再植患者(P<0.05),中节断指再植与近节和远节断指再植成活率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);离断时间≤断指成活率高于>6h组,其差异具有显著的统计学意义(P<0.05);断指采用低温保存成活率高于采用常温保存组,其差异具有显著的统计学意义(P<0.05);致伤原因的不同导致的断指成活率的差异不具有显著的统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:热带沿海地区只要离断的手指条件许可,行断指再植术可取得良好的效果,彻底清除是断指存活的基础,对血管的精细吻合是断指存活的关键。     

Is type 1 tympanoplasty effective in elderly patients? Comparison of fascia and perichondrium grafts

Abstract

Background: Tympanoplasty is regularly performed in various ages but data about the procedure in elderly is insufficient.

Objectives: To compare the success rates and hearing outcomes of fascia and perichondrium grafts used for tympanoplasty in patients >65 years and to evaluate the prognostic factors affecting the success of tympanoplasty.

Methods: Reviewing records of 49 elderly patients underwent tympanoplasty, two groups were constituted: perichondrium (25 patients) and fascia (24 patients) groups. Ages, genders, perforation sides, type and location of perforation, graft success rates, functional success rates and air–bone gap (ABG) gains were compared.

Results: Overall graft success rate was 85.7%. After a mean follow-up of 23.3?±?8.32 months, overall mean ABG gain was 11.33?±?8.42?dB. Overall median postoperative ABG value (9?dB) was significantly lower compared to the median preoperative value (24?dB) (p?<?.001). Graft success rate was higher in perichondrium group (96%) compared to fascia group (75%) (p?=?.04). Functional success rate did not significantly differ between perichondrium (68%) and fascia groups (62.5%) (p?=?.68).

Conclusion and significance: Tympanoplasty is an effective procedure with a graft success rate of 85.7% in elderly. Both fascia and perichondrium are suitable materials; however, perichondrium had higher success rate.     

Recurrent ovarian cancer metastatic to the sternum, costae, and thoracic wall after prolonged treatment with platinum-based chemotherapy: a case report and review of the literature

Abstract.   Pavlakis G, Mountzios G, Terpos E, Leivaditou A, Papadopoulos G, Papasavas P. Recurrent ovarian cancer metastatic to the sternum, costae and thoracic wall after prolonged treatment with platinum-based chemotherapy: a case report and review of the literature. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2006; 16(Suppl. 1): 299–303.
Sternal and costal metastases from ovarian cancer are extremely rare. We present here a case of a 47-year-old woman with thoracic wall metastasis from serous–papillary ovarian carcinoma that occurred 3 years after the initial diagnosis, although the patient had received various regimens of intense platinum-based chemotherapy. Special emphasis is given to the effects of alkylating agents, such as cisplatin and carboplatin, on the pattern of tumor spread. We also discuss the possible mechanisms through which the biologic and metastatic behavior of this tumor is expressed.     

Knock-in of nuclear localised beta-galactosidase reveals that the tyrosine phosphatase Ptprv is specifically expressed in cells of the bone collar.

Ptprv is a member of the transmembrane tyrosine phosphatase gene family reported to be expressed in osteoblasts and gonads. To better define the developmental and tissue specificity of Ptprv expression, we generated knock-in mice expressing a nuclear localised beta-galactosidase reporter under the control of resident Ptprv regulatory elements. Histochemical staining of Ptprv-nLacZ mice revealed that Ptprv expression is readily detectable in the foetal gonadal ridge of both sexes and in adult gonads where it is localised to Sertoli cells of the testis and celomic epithelial cells of the ovaries. During early limb development, Ptprv expression is prominent in the apical ectodermal ridge of the limb bud. At latter stages of development, Ptprv is predominantly expressed in the perichondrial and periosteal region of long bones, known as the bone collar. In contrast to previous indications from in vitro studies, there is little if any expression in mature osteoblasts in vivo. Analysis of Ptprv mRNA localisation by in situ hybridization in parallel with molecular markers of chondrocytes and osteoblasts confirmed the specific expression of Ptprv in immature bone collar cells. The specificity of Ptprv expression in these cells may be a useful tool to elucidate their role in the transition of skeletal elements from cartilage template to bone.     

心脏术后慢性胸骨,肋软骨炎的诊治

本文报告２例正中开胸心脏术后慢性胸骨、肋软骨炎的诊断及治疗。此为心脏术后较罕见的并发症。多由于急性胸骨、肋软骨炎治疗不当演变而成。应根据局部慢性感染病史、疼痛以及ＣＴ等检查而作出诊断。治疗上，应根据药敏选用抗菌素，并注意防止菌群失调的发生。提出手术仅切除受累胸骨及肋软骨，彻底清创后以胸大肌及／或腹直肌肌瓣填塞空腔，皮肤切口均予减张缝合。此与传统治疗方法不同，可缩短病程，减轻痛苦，且效果良好。