肋软骨骨折的多排螺旋CT诊断

目的探讨螺旋CT在肋软骨骨折诊断中的应用价值。方法对21例共31处肋软骨骨折，应用多排螺旋CT扫描，图像拆薄后进行三维重建，在横断位、MPR、VR图像上对肋软骨骨折的CT征象进行分析。结果31处肋软骨骨折，CT表现有，线样骨折：本组19处；错位型骨折：有7处；青枝样骨折：有成角型和凹陷型，本组共5处。结论多排螺旋CT扫描对肋软骨骨折的诊断有重要价值。     

耳内镜下耳屏软骨环-软骨膜修补术治疗鼓膜穿孔40例

目的 探讨耳内镜下耳屏软骨环-软骨膜修补术治疗鼓膜穿孔的疗效。 方法 将80例(80耳)鼓膜穿孔患者按随机数字表法随机分为观察组与对照组各40例,观察组行耳内镜下耳屏软骨环-软骨膜修补术,对照组行显微镜下颞肌筋膜鼓膜修补术。对比两组手术时间、术中出血量、临床疗效、鼓膜愈合率、听力恢复情况及术后并发症发生率。 结果 观察组与对照组手术时间分别为(42.19±12.35)、(82.67±11.16)min,术中出血量分别为(5.06±1.34)、(14.27±2.35)mL,两组手术时间及术中出血量比较,P均<0.05。观察组治愈28例,有效10例,无效2例,总有效率为95.00%(38/40),对照组分别为23、8、9例,77.50%(31/40),两组总有效率比较,P<0.05。观察组与对照组术后1个月鼓膜愈合率分别为95.00%(38/40)、87.50%(35/40),术后6个月鼓膜愈合率分别为92.50%(37/40)、85.00%(34/40),术后12个月鼓膜愈合率分别为92.50%(37/40)、85.00%(34/40),两组术后1、6、12个月鼓膜愈合率比较,P均>0.05。两组术后1、6、12个月听力恢复情况比较差异无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。观察组术后1年内发生再度穿孔3例(7.5%),对照组术后1年内发生再度穿孔6例(15%),两组术后并发症发生率比较差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.501, P=0.479)。 结论 耳内镜下耳屏软骨环-软骨膜修补术治疗鼓膜穿孔效果确切,可促进患者术后恢复,提高临床疗效及鼓膜愈合率,改善患者听力效果。     

Three-dimensional analysis of autologous costal cartilage in Asian secondary unilateral cleft rhinoplasty

This study describes a surgical technique for secondary unilateral cleft rhinoplasty using autologous costal cartilage grafts. The grafts were designed preoperatively and analysed three-dimensionally in 15 Asian patients using a photogrammetric camera. Detailed measurements of the nasal anatomy were taken both preoperatively and postoperatively; the same measurements were also taken from the pre-planned images of the anticipated result. When compared to the preoperative measurements, the postoperative three-dimensional outcome analysis revealed several statistically significant improvements in the nasal appearance: nasal dorsal length (P < 0.001), nasal column height (P = 0.001), nasal column width (P = 0.002), nasal lobule height (P = 0.008), cleft side nostril height (P < 0.001) and width (P < 0.001), columella–labial angle (P = 0.001), and nasal tip projection to nasal dorsum length ratio (NTP/NDL) (P = 0.001). Conversely, the comparison of the postoperative and preoperative design measurements showed mostly no statistically significant differences. Thus, utilizing autologous costal cartilage is a reliable approach with predictable and consistent results in secondary cleft rhinoplasty.     

Autologous Tragal Perichondrium Transplantation: A Novel Approach for the Management of Painful Bullous Keratopathy

Purpose

To introduce autologous tragal perichondrium transplantation as a novel surgical modality for the management of intractable symptomatic bullous keratopathy.

Methods

In three eyes of three patients with painful bullous keratopathy, autologous tragal perichondria were transplanted on the corneal surface with the human amniotic membrane transplanted above. We included an additional three eyes of three patients with painful bullous keratopathy who received amniotic membrane transplantation only to serve as controls. Clinical symptom outcomes were assessed using a visual analogue scale at postsurgical months 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9. In addition, transplanted tragal perichondrium and amniotic membrane complex tissue button obtained from one patient who underwent penetrating keratoplasty was evaluated by immunohistochemical analysis of CD34, vimentin, and alcian blue staining.

Results

All three patients who underwent autologous tragal perichondrium and human amniotic membrane co-transplantation showed improvements in pain and tearing. However, all three patients in the control group experienced aggravation of tearing and no further improvement of pain 3 months after surgery. In addition, one patient in the control group developed premature degradation of the amniotic membrane. Histopathologic and immunohistochemical analysis showed intact surface epithelization and positive CD34, vimentin and alcian blue staining of transplanted tragal perichondria.

Conclusions

The tragal perichondrium has a high mechanical structural force and high potency due to well-organized epithelization and the presence of mesenchymal stem cells. Autologous tragal perichondrium transplantation may be an effective modality for the management of painful bullous keratopathy.     

Clinical outcome and histologic findings of costal osteochondral grafts for cartilage defects in finger joints

PURPOSE: For the purpose of achieving anatomical reduction as precisely as possible, we performed osteochondral grafting from the costo-osteochondral junction in 16 patients (17 joints) with posttraumatic articular cartilage injury or avascular necrosis in finger joints. The purpose of this study was to review our series of costal osteochondral grafts in order to determine the practicality, effectiveness, and functionality of this grafting technique in a clinical setting. METHODS: Patients were followed for at least 18 months postoperatively (18-57 months; average, 28 months). The injured joints included 3 metacarpophalangeal, 9 proximal interphalangeal, 3 distal interphalangeal, and 2 thumb interphalangeal joints. The defect accounted for 50% to 100% of the articular surface (average, 63%). RESULTS: The average time until bone union of the graft was 58 days. The mean arc of motion was 13 degrees before surgery versus 58 degrees after surgery, with a mean increase of 45 degrees . In 7 patients (8 joints), an extremely small portion (approximately 1 x 1 mm in size and thinner than 0.1 mm) of the implanted cartilage was obtained via biopsy using a scalpel with the consent of the patient at the time of screw removal and was used to prepare histologic specimens, which revealed scattered chondrocytes within the matrix without differences from normal hyaline cartilage in any. The chondrocytes in the grafts appeared viable, and the reconstruction of the joint surface could be confirmed histologically. CONCLUSIONS: Osteochondral grafting from the costo-osteochondral junction achieves excellent reconstruction of the injured joint without affecting other joints. This technique is particularly beneficial in cases where it is difficult to obtain allograft donors, as is often the case in Japan. Despite these encouraging findings in this small series, we believe that it is necessary to conduct further studies of this method over a longer period.     

男女肋软骨骨化方式判定性别的研究

目的:通过男女肋软骨骨化方式及骨化率的研究进行性别判定.方法:随机选用临床常规胸部X线片共计223例(男性110例,女性113例),对第1和第5肋肋软骨骨化形态的性别差异应用统计学方法进行研究.结果:经x2检验,证明第5肋骨化形态的性别有显著性差异(P＜0.001).在同年龄组中男性第5肋的骨化率极显著地高于女性.结论:应用该方法可判定性别,正确判定率在男性样本中可达98.31%,女性可达75%.     

Maxillonasal dysplasia (Binder's syndrome) and its treatment with costal cartilage graft: A follow-up study

Maxillonasal dysplasia or Binder''s syndrome is an uncommon congenital condition characterized by a retruded mid-face with an extremely flat nose. We report here six patients with maxillonasal dysplasia whose noses were corrected with onlay costal cartilage grafts using a combined oral vestibular and external rhinoplasty approach for nasal dorsal augmentation, columellar lengthening, and premaxillary augmentation. The cartilage graft was dipped in a solution of 100 ml 0.9% NaCl and one vial (80mg) gentamicin for 30 min to prevent warping. L struts made for nasal augmentation, columellar lengthening, and premaxillary augmentation were fixed to one another by slots made in the graft. This technique has been used in children, adults, and for secondary cases with promising results. All patients were of class I dental occlusion. The nasal and premaxillary augmentation which was monitored by serial photography was found to be stable over a follow-up period of three years.     

自体肋软骨重建鼻支持结构整复重度短鼻畸形

目的:探讨自体肋软骨重建鼻支持结构的重度短鼻畸形整复方法.方法:2005年3月至2011年6月,在对鼻尖、鼻梁和鼻根进行皮下深筋膜层次广泛分离的情况下,应用以自体肋软骨重建鼻支持结构为主的方法,对5例重度短鼻畸形进行整复.结果:5例短鼻畸形外观均得到明显改善,随访6个月～4年,外形及功能满意.结论:重度短鼻畸形的整复,关键是重建鼻支持结构,同时辅以鼻尖部的重塑,可以收到良好的整复效果.