The Hepatic Central Vein: Structure,Fibrosis, and Role in Liver Biology

The hepatic central vein is a primary source of Wnt2, Wnt9b, and R-spondin3. These angiocrines activate ß-catenin signaling to regulate hepatic metabolic zonation and perivenous gene expression in mice. Little is known about the central vein ultrastructure. Here, we describe the morphological–functional correlates of the central vein and its draining and branching patterns. Central vein fibrosis occurs in liver disease and is often accompanied by perivenous perisinusoidal fibrosis, which may affect perivenous gene expression. We review the biological properties of perivenous hepatocytes and glutamine synthetase that serve as a biomarker of perivenous hepatocytes. Glutamine synthetase and P4502E1 are indicators of ß-catenin activity in centrilobular liver injury and regeneration. The Wnt/ß-catenin pathway is the master regulator of hepatic metabolic zonation and perivenous gene expression and is modulated by the R-spondin-LGR4/5-ZNRF3/RNF43 module. We examined the structures of the molecules of these pathways and their involvements in liver biology. Central vein-derived Wnts and R-spondin3 participate in the cellular–molecular circuitry of the Wnt/ß-catenin and R-spondin-LGR4/5-ZNRF3/RNF43 module. The transport and secretion of lipidated Wnts in Wnt-producing cells require Wntless protein. Secreted Wnts are carried on exosomes in the extracellular matrix to responder cells. The modes of release of Wnts and R-spondin3 from central veins and their transit in the venular wall toward perivenous hepatocytes are unknown. We hypothesize that central vein fibrosis may impact perivenous gene expression. The proposal that the central vein constitutes an anatomical niche of perivenous stem cells that subserve homeostatic hepatic renewal still needs studies using additional mouse models for validation. Anat Rec, 2019. © 2019 American Association for Anatomy Anat Rec, 303:1747–1767, 2020. © 2019 American Association for Anatomy     

网络药理学研究中的网络分析技术

网络分析技术是网络药理学研究中的核心技术，通过整合多种学科理论技术对网络药理学研究中相关的分子网络进行多角度多层次的信息挖掘，以准确、客观地查询出能够产生特定药理作用的成分或成分组合、药物或药物组合，以及具有特定生理功能的关键节点、模块等，从而为新药研发、药物作用机制揭示、疾病机制阐释、生物标志物指明等提供有指导价值的信息，尤其对于以阿尔茨海默病为代表的复杂性疾病研究意义更加突出。本文对近年来网络药理学研究中常用的网络分析技术进行了综述。     

营养知识教学模块的构建及在新护士培训中的应用

目的探讨护士营养知识培训教学模块的构建与应用效果。方法对80名新护士采用"临床护士营养知信行调查问卷"进行调查,根据调查结果和临床实际构建营养知识教学模块,用于新护士的培训。结果培训后新护士临床护士营养知信行调查问卷3个维度中营养知识、营养行为显著提高(均P<0.01);营养态度得分高于应用前,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论护士营养知识教学模块的构建与应用可显著提高新护士营养知识,改善其营养行为,有利于营养护理水平的提高。     

Condensed Mode Cooling for Ethylene Polymerization: Part IV. The Effect of Temperature in the Presence of Induced Condensing Agents

An experimental investigation of the impact of changes in temperature on the observed rate of polymerization of ethylene in the gas phase using a commercial Ziegler–Natta catalyst in the presence of induced condensing agents (ICAs) reveals some unexpected behavior. In the absence of ICA, the effect of temperature is as expected: raising the temperature of the gas phase from 70 to 90 °C causes the observed rate of polymerization to increase monotonically. It is demonstrated in the past that ICA can increase rate of polymerization of the ethylene in the gas phase due to a cosolubility effect. However, in the current study, it is shown that when ICA is present in the reactor, the same increase in temperature can actually lead to an observable decrease in the reaction rate under certain conditions of temperature and pressure. This is attributed to a lower impact of the ICA on the solubility of ethylene in the amorphous phase of the high‐density polyethylene in the reactor at higher temperatures. An order of magnitude analysis also reveals that the presence of ICA can have an impact on the particle temperature as well.     

乳癌康复汤对乳腺癌术后患者生命质量的影响

目的 探讨乳癌康复汤对乳腺癌术后患者生命质量的影响.方法 将符合入选标准的107例乳腺癌术后患者,采用随机数字表法分为对照组54例和观察组53例.对照组给予常规放化疗及对症支持治疗,观察组在对照组基础上加服乳癌康复汤治疗.2组均治疗12个月,随访6个月.采用欧洲癌症研究与治疗组织生命质量量表(quality of life questionnaire-core 30,QLQ-C30)和乳腺癌生存质量量表(quality of life questionnaire-breast cancer module 23,QLQ-BR23)评价乳腺癌术后患者生命质量.结果 治疗后,观察组QLQ-C30量表功能维度中躯体功能[(76.4±16.6)分比(70.4±16.4)分,t=-2.087]、角色功能[(59.2±12.8)分比(54.6±12.8)分,t=-2.085]、情绪功能[(77.2±17.0)分比(71.2±16.7)分,t=-2.075]、认知功能[(38.5±14.7)分比(34.3±11.6)分,t=2.104]、社会功能[(59.3±12.4)分比(54.6±12.8)分,t=-2.105]评分及总体健康状况[(76.7±19.7)分比(65.5±18.6)分,t=-2.152]评分均高于对照组(P<0.05);症状维度中疲乏[(40.9±8.4)分比(45.3±9.6)分,t=2.149]、恶心呕吐[(42.9±8.8)分比(47.5±10.1)分,t=2.145]、疼痛[(36.9±7.6)分比(40.9±8.7)分,t=2.143]、呼吸困难[(44.8±9.2)分比(49.6±10.6)分,t=2.148]、失眠[(41.8±8.6)分比(46.3±9.9)分,t=2.152]、食欲丧失[(35.0±7.2)分比(38.7±8.2)分,t=2.113]、便秘[(15.9±3.3)分比(17.6±3.8)分,t=2.057]、腹泻[(15.2±3.1)分比(16.9±3.6)分,t=2.092]评分均低于对照组(P<0.05).观察组QLQ-BR23量表中体型[(74.7±18.5)分比(64.8±15.4)分,t=-2.153]、性功能[(36.3±9.0)分比(42.8±10.2)分,t=2.045]、性乐趣[(41.4±10.2)分比(48.9±11.6)分,t=2.046]、未来看法[(67.6±16.7)分比(58.6±14.0)分,t=-2.132]、系统疗法副作用[(48.2±10.4)分比(55.2±12.2)分,t=2.149]、乳房症状[(39.6±8.6)分比(45.5±10.2)分,t=2.127]、手臂症状[(30.3±6.6)分比(34.8±7.7)分,t=2.129],脱发引起的烦恼[(36.1±7.8)分比(41.4±9.1)分,t=2.113]评分均高于对照组(P<0.05).结论 乳癌康复汤可调整乳腺癌术后患者的精神状态,提高生命质量.     

MHRA and NHS PASA Publications Update

Vaccination is a highly effective method and a cheap tool for preventing certain infectious diseases. Routine immunization programs protect most of the world's children from diseases that claim millions of lives each year. There are many practical problems impeding vaccine delivery, especially to maintain the cold chain system, which is the means for storing and transporting vaccines in a potent state from the manufacturer to the person being immunized at a temperature of 2–8°C. The development of the solid state thermoelectric cooling system has permitted newly developed packages that are capable of meeting many requirements and applications where environmental concern, size, weight, performance and noise are an issue. This paper describes the development of a vaccine carrier box. A combination of a thermoelectric module and a heat pipe is used for the cooling system. The position of the heat pipe as a heat sink on the hot side of the thermoelectric module will enhance the thermoelectric performance. The minimum temperature in the cabin of the vaccine carrier box reached ?10°C, which indicates that the design of the vaccine carrier box can maintain the vaccine at desired temperatures.     

凉肝通窍化瘀法治疗老年高血压

原发性高血压是以血压升高为主要临床表现伴或不伴有多种心血管危险因素的综合征,很多老年患者即使联合使用多种降压药,仍不能理想控制血压。北京中医药大学东直门医院杨惠民教授在治疗老年高血压的长期实践中,总结出凉肝通窍化瘀的独特治法,疗效显著。     

Raynaud phenomena and finger systolic pressure during cooling

Finger systolic pressure (FSP) can be measured after finger cooling with a water perfused double-inlet-plastic cuff on the midphalanx of a finger and a mercury-in-rubber strain gauge on the outer phalanx. After finger cooling to 20, 15 and 10°C eighteen females with primary Raynaud phenomena had a significantly greater reduction in FSP than twenty-two normal females, but only eleven of the eighteen females (60%) with Raynaud phenomena showed digital arterial closure. Standardized body cooling for 20 min before finger cooling enhanced the reaction in both groups. As only females with Raynaud phenomena showed digital artery closure, the diagnostic value of a combined finger and body cooling test in primary Raynaud phenomena is high. The reproducibility of the test is acceptable.