护理教师能力要求及培训模式的研究现状

能力是护理教师成长的基础。作者综述了护理教师能力要求以及培训模式的研究现状;指出了我国在护理教师能力认识和测评体系上存在的不足,并根据我国现状建设性地提出了以护理教师的职业生涯历程为依据,发展层次性的护理师资培训模式的设想。     

基于血热证小鼠模型紫草素清热凉血与血液氧化还原稳态调控的研究

目的 探究紫草素（SK）对活性酵母诱导的血热证小鼠模型的清热凉血作用与血液氧化还原稳态调控的关系。方法 小鼠随机分为对照组、模型组、SK（10 mg/kg）组、阿司匹林（Asp,200 mg/kg）组、L-丁硫氨酸亚砜亚胺（BSO,600 mg/kg）组、N-乙酰-L-半胱氨酸（NAC,400 mg/kg）组、BSO联合SK组、NAC联合SK组。小鼠颈背部sc 0.2 g/mL活性酵母提取物（10 mL/kg）,造模0.5 h后ip SK,造模8 h后ig Asp,于实验开始前ip BSO、NAC,2次/d,连续1周。考察小鼠肛温（t_R）、基本活动、代谢、凝血、血细胞计数等指标,采用OPA荧光法测定小鼠血清中还原型谷胱甘肽（GSH）、氧化型谷胱甘肽（GSSG）水平。结果 与对照组相比,模型组小鼠造模4 h后t_R显著升高（P<0.05）,10 h达到（38.07±0.11）℃;小鼠出现烦躁、口唇色红、喜饮、碳末推进率降低、粪便含水量降低、凝血时间延长现象（P<0.05）;肺组织红细胞、炎性细胞浸润;血清LPO、MDA水平显著升高、SOD活性降低、GSH/GSSG比率减小（P<0.05）。与模型组相比,SK组小鼠t_R显著降低,10 h达到（37.51±0.12）℃;各指标均得到显著改善;血清LPO、MDA水平降低、SOD活性升高、GSH/GSSG比率增大（P<0.05）。BSO组可降低血清GSH/GSSG比率（P<0.05）,减弱SK对血热证小鼠的治疗作用;NAC组可增加血清GSH水平,增加GSH/GSSG比率（P<0.05）,增强SK对血热证小鼠的治疗效果。结论 SK通过调控血液氧化还原稳态,缓解血热证小鼠高热、出血瘀血、血液氧化损伤,从而发挥清热凉血作用。     

Determination of Heat Transfer Coefficient for Air-Atomized Water Spray Cooling and Its Application in Modeling of Thermomechanical Controlled Processing of Die Forgings

The paper presents the method and results of determination of heat transfer coefficient for air-atomized water spray cooling with consideration of infrastructural factors of industrial cooling conveyor, such as effect of accelerated air. The established values of heat transfer coefficient were implemented into a numerical model of cooling line, with special definition of sprayers and the movement of the part subjected to quenching. After quantitative validation on selected samples, the obtained coefficients were used for the solution of the technological problem by means of localized cooling rate enhancement, which forms a case study confirming reliability of the established water spray heat transfer functions and suitability of the determined models for design of thermomechanical controlled processing of complex-geometry parts.     

不同方式去骨后大鼠骨创面组织学观察

目的 观察不同方式去骨对下颌骨的损伤情况.方法 使用种植机、高速涡轮钻和咬骨钳对大鼠的下颌骨进行去骨,肉眼及光镜观察各种去骨方法造成的损伤程度.结果 种植机在3 000 r/min有冷却下进行骨磨除对组织破坏最小.咬骨钳与种植机在3 000 r/min无冷却下去骨破坏最严重.结论 有冷却、低转速的磨除对骨损伤最小.     

茂名市公共场所中央空调冷却水中军团菌污染状况调查

目的调查茂名市公共场所大型中央空调冷却水中军团菌的污染状况及主要血清型。方法于2006年8月至2007年7月．共采集茂名市区部分商场、酒店等中央空调冷却水24份，应用GVPC、BCYE、BCY培养基进行军团分离培养、生化鉴定及血清分型。结果冷却塔冷却水中军团菌的污染率达37．5％（9／24），血清型有LP1、U两种，以LJ（6／9）为主。结论茂名市公共场所大型中央空调冷却水中军团菌检出率较高，对市民健康构成了威胁。     

体外细胞培养的加力装置及压力测量的研究

目的：在一定力学作用下,机体的器官、组织、细胞和生物大分子会发生相应的形态和功能改变,这对于维持正常生理功能具有重要作用。细胞力学是组织工程和细胞工程的基础之一,在离体培养过程中对细胞施加不同的机械力以研究应力对细胞的影响是细胞力学的一个重要研究领域,也是细胞力学的重要研究手段。本研究是为了模拟在体细胞的力学环境,实现在体外培养的条件下对细胞施加力的作用,设计了一种力加载装置和相应的压力检测模块。方法：力加载装置包括应力加载模块、细胞培养室、步进电机传动模块组成。计算机通过软件驱动步进电机控制活塞在培养室内直线往复运动,实现细胞培养室内压力大小、频率和持续时间的可控变化。应力检测模块可以实时监测培养室内压力大小的变化,并与预期参数对比后通过反馈系统调节各模块的运行,实现压力加载的精准控制。结果：系统压力加载的频率调控范围为0 Hz~1Hz,压力加载范围为-71 kPa~60 kPa。结论：该系统为研究压力对细胞的影响提供了一种简单、可行的方法,实验证明系统压力加载方式准确、可行,能对离体培养的细胞进行有效的压力加载。     

建设个人健康档案中的中医有关问题描述模块

通过阐述在全科医疗个人健康档案中设立与西医有关问题描述并列的中医有关问题描述模块,以期建立具有中国特色的全科医疗个人健康档案,提高社区健康档案管理水平和社区卫生服务质量,促进全科医学和中医学的共同发展。     

Novel method for facial rejuvenation using Er:YAG laser equipped with a spatially modulated ablation module: An open prospective uncontrolled cohort study

Facial aging is a complex biological process that affects the skin and superficial musculoaponeurotic system (SMAS). A new technology (RecoSMA) for skin rejuvenation based on acoustic-interference method using Er:YAG laser (2936 nm) equipped with a special module SMA that targets both the dermis and SMAS was evaluated in an open-label prospective cohort study of 100 female patients treated for facial rejuvenation. Measure of clinical improvement included investigator-rated clinical photography using the Modified Fitzpatrick Wrinkle Scale, and ultrasound measurements in the dermis a week, 30 days and six months post treatment. All patients completed the study and no complications were noted. Improvements in skin tone and texture were noted in all participants and significant decrease in wrinkle depth was demonstrated at the six-month follow-up that was confirmed by ultrasound skin measurements. Data presented herein confirm the safety and efficacy of RecoSMA treatment for facial rejuvenation.     

The Influence of the Elemental Composition,Crystal Structure,and Grain Structure of the Ferro-Piezoceramics of Various Degrees of the Ferro-Hardness on the Stability of the Polarized State

Ferro-piezoceramic materials (FPCM) with different degrees of ferrohardness were fabricated by double solid-phase synthesis followed by the sintering technique using hot pressing method. The X-ray studies carried out in a wide temperature range showed that with increasing temperature, each of the studied FPCM undergoes a series of phase transformations, accompanied by a change in the symmetry of the unit cell. In this case, near the phase transition to the nonpolar cubic phase, in each of the FPCM, the formation of a fuzzy symmetry region is observed, which is characterized by weak distortions and temperature–time instability of the crystal structure. The study of the piezoelectric modulus d₃₃ in the quasi-static regime as a function of temperature made it possible to reveal the different nature of its behavior in materials of various degrees of ferrohardness. It was shown that the conservation of the state in ferrosoft materials above the Curie temperature is associated with the relaxation nature of the change in their properties, the existence of a region of fuzzy symmetry (noncubic phase) in them above the Curie temperature, and increased inertia of the system. The expediency of taking into account the presented results in the development of electromechanical converters based on FPCM of various degrees of ferrohardness, operated under temperature effects, including cyclic ones, was shown.     

Developing teacher self-efficacy via a formal HIV/AIDS intervention

This study investigated the effects of a HIV/AIDS module on teachers' sense of self-efficacy regarding their ability to bring about behaviours in their learners which contribute to responsible living and a reduction of the spread of HIV in their communities. The sample was 128 in-service teachers studying in nine different centres in three South African provinces in their second year of a parttime degree in education. A modified Science Teaching Efficacy Belief Instrument (STEBI) was used to generate quantitative data, while semi-structured individual and focus group interviews provided qualitative data. Statistical analyses (ANOVA and MANOVA) revealed statistically significant differences between the participants pre- and post-test self-efficacy scores. Interview data suggested that improved confidence enabled the teachers to gain a better understanding of cultural barriers to HIV/AIDS education and the impediments to developing an effective HIV/AIDS policy in their schools. The study also highlighted the importance of leadership from school management for the successful adoption and implementation of an effective HIV/AIDS policy in schools. Enhanced confidence is noted as a motivating factor for teacher participation in community efforts to support those affected by HIV/AIDS.