The Mechanical Investigation of Filament-Wound CFRP Structures Subjected to Different Cooling Rates in Terms of Compressive Loading and Residual Stresses—An Experimental Approach

Although cooling at ambient temperature is widely used and is said to be safe and convenient, faster cooling may have an influence not only on the time of the manufacturing process but also on the mechanical response, especially the residual stress. The study aimed to investigate the influence of the cooling rate after curing on the mechanical response of filament-wound thick-walled carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) rings. Three cooling rates were taking into consideration: cooling with the oven, at room temperature, and in the water at 20 °C. The splitting method was used to examine the residual strains. In the radial compression test, the mechanical response was investigated between the rings with different cooling regimes. The FEM analysis of the compression test in elastic range was also performed. Both the splitting method and the radial compression test showed no significant difference in the mechanical response of the CFRP rings. The presented results showed that the fast-cooling rate slightly decreases the mechanical performance of the filament-wound rings.     

Effects of Respirator Ambient Air Cooling on Thermophysiological Responses and Comfort Sensations

This investigation assessed the thermophysiological and subjective impacts of different respirator ambient air cooling options while wearing chemical and biological personal protective equipment in a warm environment (32.7 ± 0.4°C, 49.6 ± 6.5% RH). Ten volunteers participated in 90-min heat exposure trials with and without respirator (Control) wear and performed computer-generated tasks while seated. Ambient air cooling was provided to respirators modified to blow air to the forehead (FHC) or to the forehead and the breathing zone (BZC) of a full-facepiece air-purifying respirator using a low-flow (45 L·min^?1) mini-blower. An unmodified respirator (APR) trial was also completed. The highest body temperatures (T_TY) and least favorable comfort ratings were observed for the APR condition. With ambient cooling over the last 60 min of heat exposure, T_TY averaged 37.4 ± 0.6°C for Control, 38.0 ± 0.4°C for APR, 37.8 ± 0.5°C for FHC, and 37.6 ± 0.7°C for BZC conditions independent of time. Both the FHC and BZC ambient air cooling conditions reduced facial skin temperatures, reduced the rise in body temperatures, and led to more favorable subjective comfort and thermal sensation ratings over time compared to the APR condition; however statistical differences among conditions were inconsistent. Independent of exposure time, average breathing apparatus comfort scores with BZC (7.2 ± 2.5) were significantly different from both Control (8.9 ± 1.4) and APR (6.5 ± 2.2) conditions when ambient cooling was activated. These findings suggest that low-flow ambient air cooling of the face under low work rate conditions and mild hyperthermia may be a practical method to minimize the thermophysiological strain and reduce perceived respirator discomfort.     

某平板电脑显示模组项目职业病危害控制效果评价

目的为预防控制职业病危害、保护劳动者健康,对某平板电脑显示模组生产企业进行职业病危害控制效果评价。方法采用职业卫生调查、职业健康检查、职业卫生检测和检查表等方法对某平板电脑显示模组项目进行职业病危害定性和定量评价。对无接触限值、无检测方法的物质进行风险评估。结果该项目存在的职业病危害因素为：甲苯、甲醇、丙酮、丁酮、环己酮、甲缩醛、N,N-二甲基丙烯酰胺（DMAA）、氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、氟化氢、乙酸、粉尘（其他粉尘）、矽尘、噪声、高温、工频电场、激光等。噪声合格率为84.4%,其余各种职业病危害因素检测结果均符合国家卫生标准。结论该建设项目职业病危害较重,针对各职业病危害因素采取了相应的防护措施,产生的职业病危害因素可得到预防和控制。     

SEDECAL移动式X射线摄影机的应用

目的：对移动式X射线摄影机在临床应用中出现的高压回路特殊故障案例进行判断、分析,以提供切实可靠的维修依据。方法：依据故障代码初步判断故障部位,采用分步排除法对其进行分析、判断,并确定故障的原因所在。结果：通过案例分析对该型号移动DR的高压逆变元件、驱动电路、波形判断及输出高压放电等问题有了进一步了解,便于对设备故障进行排除。结论：对X射线摄影系统高压电路特殊故障案例的分析及排除,尤其是对逆变电路的分析,使X射线摄影机出现高压过载时可及时采取相应的维修方法。     

麻醉信息系统在医院临床中的应用

医院麻醉医生不仅越細重视信息资麵开发与麵,同时也越細依纖息化带細便 利。医院在完成医院信息系统（HIS）、实验室信息系统（LIS）以及影像数据传输及储存系统（PACS）等业务系统建设的基础上开始构建并应用手术雜信息系统,以保随院手术麵的质翻安 全。手术麻醉系统与HIS、LIS系统进行患者数据共享,对麻醉手术医疗信息闭环管理。在介绍 麻醉信息系細概念、主要功能以及麵信息管理麵縣的同时,指出目前医院雌信息系统 应用中普遍存在的问题。     

Value of short exercise and short exercise with cooling tests in the diagnosis of myotonic dystrophies (DM1 AND DM2)

Introduction: Standard electromyography (EMG) is useful in the diagnosis of myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) and type 2 (DM2), but it does not differentiate between them. The aim of this study was to estimate the utility of the short exercise test (SET) and short exercise test with cooling (SETC) in differentiating between DM1 and DM2. Methods: SET and SETC were performed in 32 patients with DM1 (mean age 35.8 ± 12.7 years) and 28 patients with DM2 (mean age 44.5 ± 12.5 years). Results: We observed a significant decline in compound motor action potential (CMAP) amplitude in DM1 with both SET and SETC immediately after effort. In DM2, there was no marked change in CMAP amplitude with either SET or SETC. Conclusions: SET and SETC may serve as useful tools for clinical differentiation between DM1 and DM2, and they may be used as a guide for molecular testing. Muscle Nerve 49 : 277–283, 2014     

Temperature profiles of different cooling methods in porcine pancreas procurement

Porcine islet xenotransplantation is a promising alternative to human islet allotransplantation. Porcine pancreas cooling needs to be optimized to reduce the warm ischemia time (WIT) following donation after cardiac death, which is associated with poorer islet isolation outcomes. This study examines the effect of four different cooling Methods on core porcine pancreas temperature (n = 24) and histopathology (n = 16). All Methods involved surface cooling with crushed ice and chilled irrigation. Method A, which is the standard for porcine pancreas procurement, used only surface cooling. Method B involved an intravascular flush with cold solution through the pancreas arterial system. Method C involved an intraductal infusion with cold solution through the major pancreatic duct, and Method D combined all three cooling Methods. Surface cooling alone (Method A) gradually decreased core pancreas temperature to <10 °C after 30 min. Using an intravascular flush (Method B) improved cooling during the entire duration of procurement, but incorporating an intraductal infusion (Method C) rapidly reduced core temperature 15–20 °C within the first 2 min of cooling. Combining all methods (Method D) was the most effective at rapidly reducing temperature and providing sustained cooling throughout the duration of procurement, although the recorded WIT was not different between Methods (P = 0.36). Histological scores were different between the cooling Methods (P = 0.02) and the worst with Method A. There were differences in histological scores between Methods A and C (P = 0.02) and Methods A and D (P = 0.02), but not between Methods C and D (P = 0.95), which may highlight the importance of early cooling using an intraductal infusion. In conclusion, surface cooling alone cannot rapidly cool large (porcine or human) pancreata. Additional cooling with an intravascular flush and intraductal infusion results in improved core porcine pancreas temperature profiles during procurement and histopathology scores. These data may also have implications on human pancreas procurement as use of an intraductal infusion is not common practice.     

中医滋肾固精凉血法治疗早期糖尿病肾病临床疗效和优势评价

目的：探讨中医滋肾固精凉血法治疗早期糖尿病肾病（DN）临床疗效和优势。方法90例早期DN患者随机分为对照组与观察组各45例。两组均予常规西医基础治疗,观察组同时予中医滋肾固精凉血法治疗。比较两组的疗效、治疗前后实验室检查指标及不良反应。结果对照组总有效率为68.89%,显著低于观察组（93.33%）（P＜0.05）;观察组治疗后空腹血糖（FPG）、餐后2h血糖（2hPG）、血清肌酐（Scr）、糖化血红蛋白（GHbA1）、尿微量白蛋白（UAER）水平较对照组比较差异均具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;两组不良反应发生率分别为15.56%与13.33%,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论中医滋肾固精凉血法治疗早期糖尿病肾病临床疗效显著。     

Reshaping of T-lymphocyte compartment in adult prepubertaly ovariectomised rats: A putative role for progesterone deficiency

This study explores the role of ovarian hormones in the phenotypic shaping of peripheral T-cell pool over the reproductive lifespan of rats. For this purpose, 2-month-old prepubertally ovariectomised (Ox) rats, showing oestrogen and progesterone deficiency, and 11-month-old Ox rats, exhibiting only progesterone deficiency, were examined for thymus output, and cellularity and composition of major TCRαβ+ peripheral blood lymphocyte (PBL) and splenocyte subsets. Although ovariectomy increased thymic output in both 2- and 11-month-old rats, the count of both CD4+ and CD8+ PBLs and splenocytes increased only in the former. In the blood and spleen of 11-month-old Ox rats only the count of CD8+ cells increased. Although ovariectomy affected the total CD4+ count in none of the examined compartments from the 11-month-old rats, it increased CD4+FoxP3+ PBL and splenocyte relative proportions over those in the age-matched controls. The age-related differences in the cellularity and the major subset composition in Ox rats were linked to the differences in the ovarian steroid hormone levels registered in 2- and 11-month-old rats. The administration of progesterone to Ox rats during the seven days before the sacrificing confirmed contribution of this hormone deficiency to the ovariectomy-induced changes in the TCRαβ+ PBL and splenocyte pool from 11-month-old rats. The expansion of the CD8+ splenocyte subset in the 11-month-old Ox rats reflected increases in cellularity of memory and, particularly, naïve cells. This was due to greater thymic output of CD8+ cells and homeostatic proliferation than apoptosis in 11-month-old Ox rats when compared with age-matched sham-Ox control rats. The homeostatic changes within CD8+ splenocyte pool from 11-month-old Ox rats, most likely, reflected the enhanced splenic IL-7 and TGF-β mRNA expression. Overall, in adult female rats, circulating oestrogen and progesterone provide maintenance of T-cell counts, a diversity of T-cell repertoire, and the main T-cell subset composition in the periphery. Progesterone deficiency affects mainly the CD8+ lymphocyte compartment through increasing thymic CD8+ cell export and upsetting homeostatic regulation within the CD8+ splenocyte pool. These alterations were reversible through progesterone supplementation.     

The Influence of the Elemental Composition,Crystal Structure,and Grain Structure of the Ferro-Piezoceramics of Various Degrees of the Ferro-Hardness on the Stability of the Polarized State

Ferro-piezoceramic materials (FPCM) with different degrees of ferrohardness were fabricated by double solid-phase synthesis followed by the sintering technique using hot pressing method. The X-ray studies carried out in a wide temperature range showed that with increasing temperature, each of the studied FPCM undergoes a series of phase transformations, accompanied by a change in the symmetry of the unit cell. In this case, near the phase transition to the nonpolar cubic phase, in each of the FPCM, the formation of a fuzzy symmetry region is observed, which is characterized by weak distortions and temperature–time instability of the crystal structure. The study of the piezoelectric modulus d₃₃ in the quasi-static regime as a function of temperature made it possible to reveal the different nature of its behavior in materials of various degrees of ferrohardness. It was shown that the conservation of the state in ferrosoft materials above the Curie temperature is associated with the relaxation nature of the change in their properties, the existence of a region of fuzzy symmetry (noncubic phase) in them above the Curie temperature, and increased inertia of the system. The expediency of taking into account the presented results in the development of electromechanical converters based on FPCM of various degrees of ferrohardness, operated under temperature effects, including cyclic ones, was shown.