Local cooling reduces regional bone blood flow

Local cooling is very common after bone and joint surgery. Therefore the knowledge of bone blood flow during local cooling is of substantial interest. Previous studies revealed that hypothermia leads to vasoconstriction followed by decreased blood flow levels. The aim of this study was to characterize if local cooling is capable of inducing reduced blood flow in bone tissue using a stepwise‐reduced temperature protocol in experimental rabbits. To examine bone blood flow we utilized the fluorescent microsphere (FM) method. In New Zealand white rabbits one randomly chosen hind limb was cooled stepwise from 32 to 2°C, whereas the contra lateral hind limb served as control. Injection of microspheres was performed after stabilization of bone and muscle temperature at each temperature level. Bones were removed, dissected and fluorescence intensity was determined to calculate blood flow values. We found that blood flow of all cooled regions decreased relative to the applied external temperature. At maximum cooling blood flow was almost completely disrupted, indicating local cooling as powerful regulatory mechanism for regional bone blood flow (RBBF). Postoperative cooling therefore may lead to strongly decreased bone blood flow values. As a result external cooling has capacity to both diminish bone healing and reduce bleeding complications. © 2013 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 31:1820–1827, 2013     

Manual vs automated 68Ga-radiolabelling—A comparison of optimized processes

A critical factor for clinical practice is the production of ⁶⁸Ga radiopharmaceuticals manufactured manually or through an automated procedure. ⁶⁸Ga radiopharmaceuticals are often prepared manually, although this method can lead to an increased operator's radiation dose and potential variability within production. The present work compares ⁶⁸Ga-radiolabelling (PSMA-11; DOTA-TOC) utilizing a cassette module (GAIA; Elysia-Raytest; Germany) with a manual setup for routine clinical production with regard to process reliability and reproducibility.     

逍遥散“异病同治”抑郁症和糖尿病的网络药理学作用机制研究

目的构建逍遥散单味药-成分-共有靶点网络、蛋白相互作用网络,探究逍遥散"异病同治"抑郁症和糖尿病的共同作用机制。方法通过TCMdatabase@Taiwan、TCMID、Batman-TCM数据库结合文献挖掘获取逍遥散的化学成分和作用靶点,结合CTD、TTD、Pharm GKB、OMIM、Gencards、Drugbank数据库获取逍遥散治疗抑郁症和糖尿病的作用靶点。采用Cytoscape软件绘制单味药-成分-共有靶点网络。采用Metascape工具对逍遥散治疗抑郁症和糖尿病的共有靶点进行GO生物过程分析、Reactome通路分析、KEGG通路分析、蛋白相互作用网络构建和模块分析。分别采用Bio GPS、Genecards分析通路关键靶点的组织分布和亚细胞分布,并采用Cytoscape软件绘制组织-靶点、亚细胞-靶点网络。采用Dis Ge NET数据库对通路关键靶点进行蛋白归属。结果逍遥散治疗糖尿病和抑郁症共病涉及免疫炎症反应,与G蛋白偶联受体、胰岛素及其受体、单胺类神经递质相关,通过调节环磷酸腺苷(c AMP)信号通路、钙信号通路、磷脂酰肌醇3激酶-蛋白激酶B(PI3K-Akt)信号通路等实现。结论逍遥散治疗抑郁症和糖尿病共病的作用机制涉及脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)相关信号通路、G蛋白偶联受体、单胺类神经递质、胰岛素及其受体等调节过程,可为深入阐释逍遥散抗抑郁作用特点及其药理机制提供依据。     

Results of scalp cooling during anthracycline containing chemotherapy depend on scalp skin temperature

ObjectivesThe success of scalp cooling in preventing or reducing chemotherapy induced alopecia (CIA) is highly variable between patients undergoing similar chemotherapy regimens. A decrease of the scalp skin temperature seems to be an important factor, but data on the optimum temperature reached by scalp cooling to prevent CIA are lacking. This study investigated the relation between scalp skin temperature and its efficacy to prevent CIA.Materials and methodsIn this explorative study, scalp skin temperature was measured during scalp cooling in 62 breast cancer patients undergoing up to six cycles of anthracycline containing chemotherapy. Scalp skin temperature was measured by using two thermocouples at both temporal sides of the head. The primary end-point was the need for a wig or other head covering.ResultsMaximal cooling was reached after 45 min and was continued for 90 min after chemotherapy infusion. The scalp skin temperature after 45 min cooling varied from 10 °C to 31 °C, resulting in a mean scalp skin temperature of 19 °C (SEM: 0,4). Intrapersonal scalp skin temperatures during cooling were consistent for each chemotherapy cycle (ANOVA: P = 0,855). Thirteen out of 62 patients (21%) did not require a wig or other head covering. They appeared to have a significantly lower mean scalp skin temperature (18 °C; SEM: 0,7) compared to patients with alopecia (20 °C; SEM: 0,5) (P = 0,01).ConclusionThe efficacy of scalp cooling during chemotherapy is temperature dependent. A precise cut-off point could not be detected, but the best results seem to be obtained when the scalp temperature decreases below 18 °C.Trialregister.nl NTR number3082     

SYSMEX XN-1000血球仪在脑脊液和胸腹水白细胞计数中的可行性探讨

目的：探讨SYSMEX XN-1000血液分析仪(简称SYSMEX XN-1000)的体液模式在脑脊液和胸腹水白细胞计数中应用的可行性。方法分别采用手工显微镜镜检法和SYSMEX XN-1000对183例脑脊液和胸腹水标本进行白细胞计数,将所测结果按A：(0~1000)×106/L,B：(1001~5000)×106/L,C：>5000×106/L分为三组,分别进行统计学分析。结果与手工显微镜镜检法相比,SYSMEX XN-1000所测结果差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。A、B、C三组的相关系数分别为0.993、0.984、0.996,A组回归方程为y=1.007x-1.072,B组回归方程为y=1.003x+19.776,C组回归方程为y=1.241x-1419.365。结论 SYSMEX XN-1000血液分析仪可用于临床脑脊液和胸腹水中白细胞计数,其操作简单易行,结果稳定可靠,但如果仪器进行样品检测时报警,应当手工镜检复核,以提高结果的准确性和可靠性。     

药品自动请领模块的改进与应用效果分析

目的 进一步提高药品自动请领模块的运行效率,降低各药房药品请领后的拒收药品品种数和药品配送过程中的催送药品品种数。方法 分析汇总原有药品自动请领模块的不足之处,改进药品请领数量的计算公式,在根据药品销量请领的基础上又增加了根据药品警戒库存请领窗口和短缺药品优先出库窗口。结果 改进后的药品自动请领模块与之前相比,由于药品自动请领量过大而导致的拒收药品品种数门诊药房由5.70±1.89下降到1.10±0.74,住院药房由1.90±0.99下降到0.30±0.48;药品配送过程中的催送药品品种数门诊药房由1.50±1.08下降到0.20±0.42,住院药房由0.40±0.52下降到0;药房药师对药品自动请领模块的满意度在门诊药房由（85.0±3.39）分上升到（96.8±2.39）分,在住院药房由（85.2±6.38）分上升到（97.6±2.30）分。结论 药品自动请领模块改进后,有效减少了2个药房由于药品自动请模块功能不完善而导致的拒收药品品种数和催送药品品种数,提高了2个药房对药品自动请领模块的满意度。     

Evaluation of Split Version and Feedback Module on the Improvement of Time Trade-Off Data

Background

EQ-5D-5L valuation studies previously reported many inconsistent responses in time trade-off (TTO) data. A number of possible elements, including ordering effects of the valuation tasks, mistakes at the sorting question, and interviewers’ (learning) effects, may contribute to their inconsistency.

临床药学管理系统2.0中处方点评模块在我院门诊药房的应用成效分析

目的:考察临床药学管理系统2.0中处方点评模块警示、判定用药医嘱的准确性,促进临床合理用药。方法:从我院2014年第1季度门诊处方中,每月随机抽取1 d的所有门诊处方,利用该系统软件中处方点评模块对处方进行点评并提出建议。结果:17 598张处方中,软件筛选出警示处方1 829张(10.39%);将警示处方分类后,人工判定存在配伍禁忌、可能出现严重相互作用的警示处方占总警示处方的4.87%;对治疗虽有影响,但可通过用药交代避免的警示处方占31.22%;治疗相对于影响,利大于弊的警示处方占56.70%;软件点评出的无效警示处方占7.22%。结论:该软件在处方点评中发挥了一定优势,为处方点评节约了人力物力,但尚需不断完善;建议该模块通过建立自定义模块、追加记忆功能和设置用户工作进展列表进行完善。药师仍需加大处方点评审核力度,而不能完全依赖该系统模块;还应继续加强对警示处方的管理,及时与临床沟通、纠正存在的问题,以确保患者用药的安全性。     

Transient Thermomechanical Simulation of 7075 Aluminum Contraction around a SiO2 Microparticle

One important challenge that faces the metallurgic industry turns around the constant increment in the mechanical resistance of certain finished products. Metallurgic advantages can be obtained from the inclusion of microparticles in metallic materials, but this inclusion involves complex challenges as the internal stress distribution can be modified. In this work, the simulation of a cooling sequence in 7075 aluminum with a SiO₂ microparticle is presented. Two models of two-dimensional (2D) type were constructed in ANSYS^®2019 with circular and oval shape microparticles located inside the aluminum. Both models were subjected to the same thermomechanical transient analysis to compare the remaining stress distributions around the microparticles after the thermal load and to observe the effect of the geometrical shape. The results show remaining stresses increased in the oval model as a consequence of the geometrical shape modification. After applying a tension load in the analyzed specimens, shear stress concentrations were observed with a higher magnitude around the covertex of the oval shape. The results can be very useful for the creation of materials with controlled remnant stress located in specific or desired locations in the matrix.