经颈静脉肝内门体分流术B超引导肝内门脉穿刺和放置内支架的应用研究

９例肝硬化门脉高压症患者接受了经颈静脉肝内门体分流术（ＴｒａｎｓｊｕｇｕｌａｒＩｎｔｒａｈｅｐ－ａｔｉｃＰｏｒｔｏｓｙｓｔｅｍｉｃＳｔｅｔＳｈｕｎｔ，ＴＩＰＳＳ）治疗。作者就如何改进和简化门静脉定位和准确置放内支架的问题尝试了在普通Ｘ线机上Ｂ超引导肝内门脉穿刺和置放内支架的方法，结果９例技术上全部成功，门静脉压力平均下降１４．２ｍｍＨｇ，门肝静脉压力梯度为１１．４ｍｍＨｇ，近期随访效果满意。作者认为该项技术具有引导准确、门脉穿刺成功率高，可协助内支架定位等优点，是进行ＴＩＰＳＳ的简便可靠的方法。     

A Study of Bedside Ocular Ultrasonography in the Emergency Department

The use of ocular ultrasonography for the evaluation of emergency patients has recently been described in the emergency medicine (EM) literature. There are a number of potential uses that may greatly aid the emergency physician (EP) and avoid lengthy consultation or other diagnostic tests. OBJECTIVE: To examine the accuracy of bedside ultrasonography as performed by EPs for the evaluation of ocular pathology. METHODS: This prospective, observational study took place in a high-volume, suburban community hospital with an EM residency program. All patients arriving with a history of eye trauma or acute change in vision were eligible to participate in the study. A 10-MHz linear-array transducer was used for imaging. All imaging was performed through a closed eyelid, using water-soluble ultrasound gel. Investigators filled out standardized data sheets and all examinations were taped for review. All ultrasound examinations were followed by orbital computed tomography or complete ophthalmologic evaluation from the ophthalmology service. Statistical analysis included sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values. RESULTS: Sixty-one patients were enrolled in the study; 26 were found to have intraocular pathology on ultrasound. Of these, three had penetrating globe injuries, nine had retinal detachments, one had central retinal artery occlusion, and two had lens dislocations. The remaining pathology included vitreous hemorrhage and vitreous detachment. Emergency sonologists were in agreement with the criterion standard examination in 60 out of 61 cases. CONCLUSIONS: Emergency bedside ultrasound is highly accurate for ruling out and diagnosing ocular pathology in patients presenting to the emergency department. Further, it accurately differentiates between pathology that needs immediate ophthalmologic consultation and that which can be followed up on an outpatient basis.     

产前超声检查应用于血管前置诊断的价值

目的:探讨产前超声检查应用于血管前置诊断中的临床价值.方法:回顾性分析13例血管前置超声声像图特征,并随访妊娠结局.结果:13例中脐带帆状附着型8例,副胎盘型3例,双叶胎盘型1例,脐带胎盘边缘附着型1例.产前超声正确筛查10例,准确率为76.92%,漏诊1例,误诊2例.血管前置典型的声像图特征是胎膜下血管横跨或接近宫颈内口,其血流频谱为典型的脐动脉频谱.结论:产前超声检查诊断血管前置的准确率较高,具有重要临床应用价值.     

细针穿刺与对比增强超声对TI-RADS4类甲状腺结节诊断价值的比较

目的：评价超声引导下细针穿刺活检(ultrasound-guided fi ne needle aspiration biopsy,US-FNAB)和对比增强超 声(contrast-enhanced ultrasound,CEU)对甲状腺影像报告和数据系统(thyroid imaging reported and data system,TI- RA DS) 4类甲状腺结节的诊断价值。方法：回顾性分析已行手术治疗的甲状腺结节、其术前常规彩色B超检查结果为TI- RA DS 4类的患者134例,并收集US-FNAB,CEU和术后病理切片结果的资料。以手术后组织病理结果为金标准,对US-FNAB 标本行HE染色和细胞学检查。计算CEU和US-FNAB的灵敏度、特异度、准确率及费用。比较CEU与US-FNAB的诊 断价值。结果：134例甲状腺结节中,有恶性结节131例,良性结节3例。US-FNAB和CEU的灵敏度分别为87.02%和 93.89%,特异度分别为100.00%和66.67%,准确率分别为87.31%和93.28%。配对χ2检验显示：CEU和US-FNAB的灵敏度 差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);但在结节直径≤10 mm的患者中,US-FNAB和CEU的灵敏度分别为87.50%和100.00%,差 异有统计学意义(P<0.05);结节直径>10 mm的患者中,US-FNAB和CEU的灵敏度分别为92.73%和85.45%,差异无统计 学意义(P>0.05)。US-FNAB费用及风险均高于CEU。结论：对于直径>10 mm的甲状腺结节,US-FNAB检查的敏感度高 于CEU,而对于US-FNAB诊断为阴性、直径≤10 mm的甲状腺结节,仍可推荐检出率高、安全、经济的CEU检查。     

三维超声血管斑块定量分析技术评估颈动脉粥样硬化斑块

目的: 分析应用三维超声血管斑块定量分析技术(vascular plaque quantification, VPQ)评估颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的可行性并观察他汀类药物对颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的影响。方法: 选择2016年1月至2018年9月于北京大学第一医院神经内科治疗的颈动脉粥样硬化患者, 采用三维超声检查患者的双侧颈动脉, 对存在颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的患者采用VPQ测量颈动脉斑块的灰阶中位数(gray scale median, GSM)及其他血管参数。根据斑块的GSM, 分为低GSM组(GSM < 40)和高GSM组(GSM≥40), 比较两组患者的临床特征和斑块特征, 分析斑块的稳定性。根据患者是否服用他汀类药物, 将患者分为他汀组和非他汀组, 比较两组患者在3个月和2年时颈动脉斑块GSM及其他血管参数的变化。结果: 共入组120例患者, 其中男性79例, 女性41例, 平均年龄(65.39±9.11)岁。低GSM组31例, 高GSM组89例。低GSM组管腔的狭窄程度更重(面积狭窄率41.32%±21.37% vs. 29.79%±17.16%, P < 0.05)。低GSM组的标准化管壁指数(normalized wall index, NWI)显著大于高GSM组(0.61±0.14 vs.0.52±0.12, P < 0.01), 观察了77例患者颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的变化, 其中男51例, 女26例, 年龄(64.96±9.58)岁, 根据是否服用他汀类药物分为他汀组(n=56)和非他汀组(n=21)。与基线相比, 3个月随访时两组患者的颈动脉斑块体积、面积、管腔狭窄度、GSM变化差异均无统计学意义(P >0.05); 2年随访时, 他汀组的GSM增加[中位数10.00(2.00, 28.00)], 而非他汀组的GSM减低[中位数－7.00 (－11.00, 5.50)], 组间差异有统计学意义(P < 0.01)。他汀组的颈动脉斑块体积无明显增加, 而非他汀组的斑块体积略增加, 但两组的变化值差异无统计学意义[他汀组斑块体积增加[中位数0.00 (－30.00, 40.00) mm³, 非他汀组为30.00 (10.00, 70.00) mm³, P>0.05]。结论: 三维超声(three dimensional ultrasound, 3DUS)的VPQ可测量颈动脉斑块的GSM, 低GSM(GSM < 40)组患者的血管狭窄程度更重, 标准化管壁指数更高。VPQ观察到颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的患者服用中强度他汀类药物治疗2年后斑块的灰阶中位数增加, 提示3DUS的VPQ技术可用来观察他汀类药物治疗颈动脉动脉粥样硬化斑块的效果。     

Methods of early detection： would clinical breastexamination and breast ultrasonography be a good alternative to mammography？

Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer deaths among women[1].In the past 40 years,breast cancer incidence has doubled or even tripled in developed countries such as South Korea and Japan; whereas it is about 20% to 30% in China and India in the past decade[2-4]. An increasing incidence rate of 3%     

合并肾囊肿的肾细胞癌临床特点(附64例报道)

目的:总结肾癌合并有肾囊肿病例的临床特点,探讨合并有肾囊肿肾癌病例的诊断、治疗方法,为研究肾癌的发病机制及其预防提供线索。方法:回顾我院1996年5月至2004年1月收治的64例肾癌合并有肾囊肿病例,分析其临床特点,比较B超、CT、MRI在诊断该疾病中的特点和作用,并与同期收治的106例没有合并肾囊肿肾癌病例的临床资料进行分析比较。结果:B超、CT和MRI在诊断肾癌合并有肾囊肿病例时,检查出肾囊肿的准确性分别为37%、24%和35%,而全部64例病理检查中又查出15例(23%)囊性占位性病变;该64例患者全部进行了手术治疗,术后病理报告为肾癌,病理诊断:透明细胞癌61例,颗粒细胞癌2例,混合型(透明细胞癌 颗粒细胞癌)1例;与同期未合并肾囊肿的肾癌病例相比,合并有肾囊肿肾癌病例更好发于男性(P<0.007),且发病年龄较轻(P<0.05),无症状肾癌比例较少(P<0.001),小肾癌(肿瘤直径≤4cm)占比例也相对较少(P<0.024),肿瘤的病理类型和肿瘤的临床分期也有统计学差异(分别是P<0.037和P<0.043)。结论:合并肾囊肿的肾癌具有易发于男性年轻患者、以有症状的非小肾癌居多的特点。B超、CT、MRI在诊断出肾癌的同时,诊断发现肾囊肿的准确性不高,肾癌可能掩盖了对肾囊肿的诊断,联合病理检查可能增加对肾囊肿的诊断;合并有肾囊肿的肾癌有其     

膝关节B超在膝关节病变中的临床意义

目的：为探讨膝关节Ｂ超对早期膝关节病变诊断及治疗的临床意义。方法：对正常人及ＯＡ、ＲＡ病人共计１３４个膝关节行Ｂ超检测。结果：①ＯＡ及ＲＡ组髌上囊积液及涔膜厚度明显高于正常人组；②两组股骨内髁外软骨厚度较正常组明显变薄，且ＯＡ组股骨内髁处骨质破坏明显高于外髁；③接受透明质酸钠治疗组，治疗后髌上囊积液减少或消失，滑膜厚度亦变薄，说明滑膜病变参与了ＯＡ的病理过程，滑膜厚度可作为微量病情活动的指数；④膝