Abdominal ultrasonography in the diagnostic work-up in children with recurrent abdominal pain

We report on our experience with routine abdominal ultrasonography in 120 children (aged 3–15 years) with recurrent abdominal pain, in order to determine the diagnostic value of this investigation. Eight children (7%) revealed sonographic abnormalities: gallbladder stone (n = 2), splenomegaly (n = 1) and urogenital abnormalities (n = 5). The recurrent abdominal pain could be explained by these findings in only two (may be three) cases. Conclusion The diagnostic value of abdominal ultra‐sonography in unselected children with recurrent abdominal pain is low. However, the direct visualization of the abdominal structures as being normal may be helpful to the parents and the child in their understanding and acceptance of the benign nature of recurrent abdominal pain. Received: 19 March 1996 / Accepted: 29 January 1997     

Limitations of the keyhole technique for quantitative dynamic contrast-enhanced breast MRI

The effect of keyhole data acquisition on quantitative analysis of dynamic MRI was examined. Experiments were performed retrospectively on raw data obtained from clinical dynamic contrast-enhanced breast imaging procedures. The effects of keyhole phase-encoding acquisition and type of reconstruction algorithm on the accuracy of derived quantitative parameters was assessed. Results indicate that the minimum keyhole size used should be restricted by the approximate minimum size of the expected lesions. Furthermore, reconstruction algorithms that offer improved image resolution do not circumvent this restriction.     

电阻抗扫描成像和高频超声诊断小乳腺癌的对照研究

目的：评价电阻抗扫描成像(electrical impedance scanning，EIS)和高频超声对小乳腺癌的诊断价值．方法：乳腺肿块(直径≤2cm)54例病理证实，行EIS和高频超声检查，时间间隔不超过3d．结果：乳腺癌23例，EIS诊断小乳腺癌17例，敏感性73．9％，特异性80．6％，准确性77．8％，阳性预测值73．9％，阴性预测值80．6％；高频超声诊断小乳腺癌20例，敏感性87．0％，特异性87．1％，准确性87．0％，阳性预测值83．3％，阴性预测值90．0％．二联合诊断，敏感性95．6％，特异性90．3％，准确性92．6％，阳性预测值88．0％，阴性预测值96．6％．结论：EIS对小乳腺癌的诊断有较大实用价值，且与高频超声结合应用，可以提高小乳腺癌的诊断准确奎．     

超声引导经皮肝穿刺射频治疗肝癌

目的　探讨经皮肝穿刺射频治疗肝癌的有效性、安全性和肿瘤局部的控制情况。　方法　采用RF2 0 0 0射频治疗仪在超声引导下将射频电极放置于肝肿瘤内进行治疗。　结果　 (1) 30例肝癌患者 (肿瘤病灶直径 <5 cm及 >5 cm各 2 3个 )经过治疗 ,肿瘤完全缓解和部分缓解率占 5 4 .3% (2 5 /46 )。半年生存率为 93.3% ,1年生存率为 75 %。 (2 ) 2例出现肿瘤细胞针道种植转移 ,其他未见严重并发症。　结论　射频治疗肝癌是一种安全、有效的方法。对于肿瘤直径 <5 cm的肝癌治疗效果较佳 ;对于肿瘤直径 >5 cm者 ,应配合其他局部介入的综合治疗     

2型糖尿病患者血管内皮依赖性舒张功能的超声研究

[目的]研究 2型糖尿病患者的血管内皮依赖性舒张功能.[方法]采用高分辨率超声,测定 21例正常人和 31例 2型糖尿病患者的肱动脉反应性充血后,以及含服硝酸甘油后的血管内经和血流量的变化.[结果]两组间空腹血糖、餐后 2 h血糖差异有统计学意义( P < 0.01),而性别、年龄、甘油三酯、总胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、收缩压、舒张压、体质量指数差异均无统计学意义( P >0.05).2型糖尿病组反应性充血后血管内径变化率 [( 9.0± 4.9)% vs (15.5± 3.0)% , (P< 0.01)],含服硝酸甘油后血管内径变化率 [( 17.3± 8.4)% vs (23.3%± 3.5)% , ( P< 0.01)],含服硝酸甘油后血流量 [( 126.1± 48.2) mL/min vs (157.8 ± 52.6) mL/min (P< 0.05)]较正常对照组显著性降低.[结论] 2型糖尿病患者不仅存在血管内皮依赖性舒张功能障碍,而且还存在非血管内皮依赖性舒张功能障碍.     

超声检查对腹部实质性脏器损伤的诊断价值

目的评价超声检查对腹部实质性脏器损伤的诊断价值。方法将150例腹部实质性脏器损伤患者的超声检查结果与手术、病理结果进行对照分析。结果超声检查对腹部实质性脏器损伤诊断的敏感性95.2%、特异性92.3%、假阳性率4.8%、假阴性率7.7%、诊断准确性94.7%。结论超声检查对腹部实质性脏器损伤的诊断具有较高的准确性和可靠性,它是腹部实质性脏器损伤检查诊断的一种首选、简便及有效的方法。     

假肿瘤性胰腺炎10例影像诊断

本文报告了10例假肿瘤性胰腺炎（PseudotumorousPancreatitis），结合文献报道分析了该病的临床表现、影像学征象、手术探查结果和病理表现。笔者认为：本病在组织学论断前难以和胰腺肿瘤鉴别，对年龄较轻且无黄疸的患者可作经皮穿刺活俭及随诊明确诊断，对年龄较大或有黄疸者应考虑手术探查。     

Ultrasonography of rotator cuff tears: a review of 500 diagnostic studies

Ultrasonography of the rotator cuff has been shown to be of value in diagnosing rotator cuff tears. This report summarizes our experience with our first 500 diagnostic examinations. All patients were examined in the hyperextended internal rotation view with commercially available high-resolution real-time ultrasound equipment. Patients were diagnosed as having a rotator cuff tear if a focal echogenic lesion or a defect within the rotator cuff was identified. This study confirmed the value of ultrasonography for the diagnosis of rotator cuff tears. Accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity all exceeded 90%, and correlated with surgical findings. This was better than arthrography in the same patient population. Ultrasound is an accurate noninvasive method of examining the rotator cuff for the presence of tears. We suggest that rotator cuff ultrasonography is the procedure of choice for the diagnosis of tears if adequate instrumentation is available.     

超声显像与膀胱镜对膀胱肿瘤的诊断价值

对经手术和病理证实的８３例膀胱肿瘤进行超声显像和膀胱镜检查的对比性分析。结果表明，膀胱镜对膀胱肿瘤的诊断符合率为９７．５％，略高于超声显像符合率的９５．２％；但对膀胱肿瘤的术前分期，膀胱镜检查尚存在局限性，而超声显像可弥补膀胱镜检查的不足。本文超声显像对膀胱肿瘤的术前分期准确率达８９．５％。超声显像对小于０．５ｃｍ的小膀胱肿瘤之检出率不如膀胱镜高。因此在常规检查以及对肿瘤的术前分期时，应以超声显像作为首选，同时结合膀胱镜检查，可进一步提高膀胱肿瘤的术前诊断正确率。