多模态磁共振成像在乳腺癌诊断中的应用价值

目的 应用多模态MRI包括弥散加权成像和动态增强扫描（DCE-MRI）对乳腺癌患者的检测，分析其MRI相关影像特征，探讨其对该病诊断的准确性。方法 回顾分析2012年1月至2016年8月于安徽医科大学第一附属医院术前行MRI检查和术后病理或穿刺活检证实的16例乳腺癌女性患者多模态MRI数据资料，统计分析表观弥散系数（ADC）、相对表观弥散系数（rADC）值及动态时间信号强度曲线图像（TIC）。结果 16例患者MRI显示病灶多见分叶（75.00%）、毛刺（75.00%），边界不清（81.25%）。ADC值为（0.92±0.19）×10^-3 mm²/s，rADC为（0.56±0.13）×10^-3 mm²/s。TIC：Ⅱ型4例（25.00%），Ⅲ型12例（75.00%），无符合Ⅰ型的病例。结论 多模态MRI用于乳腺癌的检查，结合病变形态学改变、DCE-MRI的TIC曲线形态和ADC值，可以提高乳腺癌的诊断正确率。     

胆囊癌的超声诊断现状及新进展

胆囊癌是胆道系统最常见的恶性肿瘤之一,早期缺乏特异性就诊时已属中晚期,预后差.胆囊癌目前最常用的检查方法是二维超声和彩色多普勒超声,近几年随着超声新技术的发展,尤其超声造影(ultrasonic contrast,CEUS)的运用大大提高了胆囊癌的早期诊断率.本文就超声检查方法在胆囊癌诊断中的应用现状和最新进展作一综述.     

超声内镜在胰管结石诊断中的价值

目的探讨超声内镜对胰管结石的诊断价值及相关治疗方法。方法回顾性分析2008年1月～2010年12月间我院收治的4例胰管结石的临床资料。结果 4例患者超声内镜检查均有慢性胰腺炎的影像学表现,胰腺内点状或弧形强回声,伴声影,胰管壁不规则,胰管扩张或囊性扩张。2例合并胰腺癌,1例合并壶腹癌,1例单纯胰管结石。治疗方法：1例行胰十二指肠切除术;1例行胆肠吻合术;1例行全麻下胰管切开取石,胰肠吻合术;1例行ERCP＋EST＋支架植入术。结论影像学检查是确诊胰管结石的主要手段,且超声内镜更具优势;胰管结石易合并胰腺癌,应该加以重视;治疗方法应根据具体情况采取不同的措施。     

Contrast‐enhanced harmonic endoscopic ultrasonography for differential diagnosis of localized gallbladder lesions

Background and Aim

Differential diagnosis of localized gallbladder lesions is challenging. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the utility of contrast‐enhanced harmonic endoscopic ultrasonography (CH‐EUS) for diagnosis of localized gallbladder lesions.

Methods

One hundred and twenty‐five patients with localized gallbladder lesions were evaluated by CH‐EUS between March 2007 and February 2014. This was a single‐center retrospective study. Utilities of fundamental B‐mode EUS (FB‐EUS) and CH‐EUS in the differentiation of gallbladder lesions and sludge plug were initially compared. Thereafter, these two examinations were compared with respect to their accuracy in the diagnosis of malignant lesions. Five reviewers blinded to the clinicopathological results evaluated microcirculation patterns in the vascular and perfusion images.

Results

In the differentiation between gallbladder lesions and sludge plug, FB‐EUS had a sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 82%, 100%, and 95%, respectively, whereas CH‐EUS had a sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 100%, 99%, and 99%, respectively. FB‐EUS‐based diagnosis of carcinomas based on tumor size and/or shape had a sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 61–87%, 71–88%, and 74–86%, respectively. Additional information regarding irregular vessel patterns in the vascular image and/or heterogeneous enhancement in the perfusion image on CH‐EUS increased the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for the diagnosis of carcinomas to 90%, 98%, and 96%, respectively. There was a significant difference between FB‐EUS and CH‐EUS in terms of carcinoma diagnosis.

Conclusion

CH‐EUS was useful for the evaluation of localized gallbladder lesions.     

TIMMA : échelle échographique de la surcharge athéromateuse en carotide pratiquée par des neurologues vasculaires

BackgroundCarotid atherosclerosis is a powerful predictive factor of vascular risk at the individual patient level. Ultrasonography is a reference technique for the evaluation of this condition. However, its use in common practice remains difficult due to a lack of standardization and inter-operator variability. We present a new and simple technique for the assessment of carotid atherosclerosis; and evaluate the ability of vascular neurologists to obtain results consistent with those of an expert in vascular ultrasound.Material and methodsThe TIMMA scale is an acronym for the five classes of carotid atherosclerosis in French, VIMMA in English: very important, important, moderate, minimal and absent. Combined, the first two classes make up the group “significant atheroma” and the last three classes make up the group “no significant atheroma”. This scale was evaluated in 38 patients (76 carotid arteries) suffering from ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack by five operators who are competent in carotid echocardiography: one TIMMA-trained (40 hours of training) vascular neurologist physician (VNP), three VNPs informed on the measurement method (1 hour of information) and one specialized vascular physician (SVP) who was considered to be the reference examiner. We evaluated the concordance between the VNPs and the SVP in classifying patients, firstly into the significant or not atheroma group and, secondly, into the five TIMMA classes.ResultsThe evaluation of the two-group clustering scale found a concordance between the informed VNPs and the SVP on 76 carotid arteries of 86% (kappa = 0.7) and between the trained VNP and the SVP on 58 carotid arteries of 90% (kappa = 0.8). The positive and negative predictive values for significant atheroma diagnosis were 100% and 81%, respectively, for the informed VNPs, and 100% and 80% for the trained VNP. The evaluation of the Five-Class Scale showed a concordance between the informed VNPs and the SVP of 46% (kappa = 0.3), and between the trained VNP and the SVP of 74% (kappa = 0.7).ConclusionTIMMA allows VNPs who are competent in carotid ultrasonography to reproducibly identify subjects with significant carotid atheroma. The contribution of this scale to the determination of cardiovascular risk should be evaluated.     

Abnormal Connection of the Ductus Venosus to a Dilated Coronary Sinus Imaged by Prenatal Echocardiography: Case Report

We describe a case of a fetus with an ectopic connection of the ductus venosus to a dilated coronary sinus that was diagnosed at ShengJing Hospital of China Medical University. A dilated coronary sinus was initially detected with prenatal echocardiography. Neither a persistent left superior vena cava nor an anomalous pulmonary venous connection was present. After comprehensive examination, we discovered that the ductus venosus had an abnormal course draining into the coronary sinus. The postnatal outcome of this fetus was good. Once a dilated coronary sinus is confirmed, further ultrasound evaluation should be performed to search for a potential cause.     

Role of Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound in the Pre-operative Diagnosis of Cervical Lymph Node Metastasis in Patients with Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma

The objective of this study was to prospectively evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) in differentiating between benign and metastatic cervical lymph nodes in patients with papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). Three hundred nineteen cervical lymph nodes (162 metastatic from PTC and 157 benign) were evaluated using conventional ultrasonography (US) and CEUS before biopsy or surgery. Metastatic lymph nodes more often manifested centripetal or asynchronous perfusion, hyper-enhancement, heterogeneous enhancement, perfusion defects and ring-enhancing margins than benign lymph nodes at pre-operative CEUS (all p values < 0.001). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) for the combination of conventional US and CEUS (0.983, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.971–0.994) was higher than that of conventional US alone (0.929, 95% CI: 0.899–0.958) and CEUS (0.911, 95% CI: 0.876–0.947). In conclusion, CEUS is a promising tool in conjunction with conventional US for the pre-operative prediction of metastatic cervical lymph nodes in patients with PTC.