应用组织多普勒成像技术评价冠心病病人左心室长轴功能的变化

目的应用组织多普勒成像(TDI)技术测定冠心病病人左心室长轴功能,并探讨其临床应用价值。方法选择在我院接受治疗的冠心病病人48例,应用TDI技术获得二尖瓣环沿左心室长轴的运动频谱,测量收缩期心肌峰值运动速度(SM)、收缩期位移(DS)及收缩前期时间(PCTM),舒张早期心肌峰值运动速度(EM),心房收缩期心肌峰值运动速度(AM),计算EM/AM比值及左心室射血分数(EF)。结果冠心病组与正常对照组比较,SM和DS显著减小(t=2.78、9.61,P<0.01);PCTM显著增加(t=2.49,P<0.05);EM显著减小(t=5.45,P<0.01);EM/AM比值显著减小(t=4.94,P<0.01);冠心病病人SM和DS与EF、EM呈明显正相关(r=0.58~0.72,P<0.01)。结论冠心病病人存在左心室长轴功能受损,TDI技术为准确评价左心室长轴功能提供了一条新途径。     

肺灌注显像在肺心病患者肺动脉压测定中的应用

目的探讨肺灌注显像判定肺心病患者肺动脉高压的程度及其意义。方法对28例肺心病患者及10例正常受试者行99mTc—MAA单光子发射计算机断层测定，测量肺灌注显像上、下肺野核素计数比值，同时应用超声检测收缩期三尖瓣返流压力阶差（the tricuspid valve regurgitation pressure gradient biggest，TRPG）估测肺动脉压（pulmonary artery pressure，PAP）作对照。结果肺动脉压力轻度升高时，肺上、下肺野核素计数比值高于正常对照组，组间存在有显著差异（P〈0．01），且肺上、下肺野核素计数比值与超声检测肺动脉压值呈正相关（r=0．82．t=7．31，P〈0．01）。结论肺灌注显像属先进的无创性技术，可应用来判定肺动脉高压的程度，联合心脏超声检测在肺心病的诊治上有重要意义。     

多普勒超声对妊娠自然终止患者血流动力学变化的研究

目的应用多普勒超声评价妊娠自然终止患者子宫动脉和卵巢动脉的血流动力学的变化。方法选择在北京妇产医院就诊的273名患者进行超声检查,其中正常早期妊娠者156例,自然妊娠终止患者117例(胚胎停止发育52例,无胚胎妊娠65例)。应用经腹超声测量孕妇双侧子宫动脉上行支和卵巢动脉,并对数据进行统计学分析。结果妊娠自然终止患者优势侧和非优势侧子宫动脉的搏动指数(pulse index,PI)、阻力指数(resistant index,RI)、收缩期最大血流速度与舒张期最小血流速度比值(ratio between the peak of systolic velocity and the end of diastolic velocity S/D)测量值均明显低于正常早期妊娠妇女,差异均有统计学意义。而胚胎停止发育和无胚胎妊娠患者之间差异无统计学意义。卵巢动脉血流动力学变化在3组之间差异无统计学意义。结论子宫动脉上行支的PI、RI值可用来辅助判断妊娠是否终止,当优势侧子宫动脉上行支的PI、RI值明显减低时(PI<1.80,RI<0.77),提示妊娠终止的可能性极大。     

混合稀土常乐对肾脏超微结构的影响

目的:研究长期服用混合稀土常乐对肾脏超微结构的影响。方法:健康W istar大鼠120只,随机分成对照组和2m g/kg体重、5m g/kg体重和20m g/kg体重三个剂量的实验组,每天给药1次,每周6d给药,第7d休息,连续给药90d,第91d处死动物,取肾组织制作超薄切片,电子显微镜观察并摄影。结果:2m g/kg体重剂量组滤过膜的厚度均匀,但足细胞次级突起发生融合;5m g/kg体重剂量组滤过膜厚度不均匀,足细胞次级突起融合增多;20m g/kg体重剂量组滤过膜不规则且厚度不均匀,足细胞次级突起融合较多。结论:混合稀土常乐对肾脏滤过膜的结构有影响,5 m g/kg体重和20 m g/kg体重的剂量对滤过膜结构较为明显。     

Four-dimensional sonographic assessment of fetal facial expression early in the third trimester.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the characteristic patterns of facial expression in fetuses aged from 28 to 34 weeks using 4-dimensional (4-D) ultrasonography. METHODS: The faces of 10 healthy fetuses aged from 28 to 34 weeks were recorded continuously for 15 min with a 4-D ultrasonographic machine performing up to 25 frames per second. The occurrence rates of blinking, mouthing, yawning, tongue expulsion, smiling, scowling, and sucking were evaluated. RESULTS: Mouthing was the most frequent facial expression (median, 6.5; range, 2-19) whereas the least frequent were scowling (median, 1; range, 0-9) and sucking (median, 1; range, 0-2). Mouthing was evident in all fetuses and significantly more frequent than any other movement (P<.05). Yawning (median, 3; range, 0-6), smiling (median, 2; range, 0-9), and blinking (median, 1.5; range, 0-6) were observed in most cases. Tongue expulsion (median, 1.5; range, 0-5), scowling, and sucking were each observed in 6 cases. CONCLUSION: 4-D sonography provides a means of evaluating fetal facial expression early in the third trimester. It may be a key to predicting fetal brain function and well-being and an important modality in future fetal neurophysiologic research.     

Ultrasonographic Evaluation of Osteosarcomas

The ultrasonographic appearances of osteosarcomas and the roles of ultrasonography in the diagnosis and surgical staging of osteosarcomas were investigated. A comparative study was performed on 45 cases of osteosarcomas by ultrasonography and radiography. Bony changes, periosteal reaction and soft tissue mass were evaluated for each lesion. The results showed that ultrasonography revealed a solid mass around bone in 42 patients, bone destruction in 24 patients and periosteal reaction in 16 patients. Plain radiographs showed bony changes in 44 patients and no bony change in remaining one patient, shadowing of soft tissue swelling in 30 patients, and pulmonary metastases in 3 patients. Surgical biopsy and pathological examination confirmed osteosarcoma in all 45 patients. Soft tissue mass was confirmed in 42 patients surgically. The diagnostic accuracy of soft tissue masses by ultrasonography and radiography was 100 % (42/42) and 71.4 % (30/42), respectively. The positive rate of ultrasonography and radiography in displaying bony changes was 53.3 % (24/45) and 97.8 % (44/45), respectively. In conclusion, in the detection of soft tissue mass of osteosarcoma, ultrasonography is superior to radiography, and in displaying bony changes of osteosarcomas, radiography is superior to ultrasonography. So it may come to a conclusion that plain radiography combined with ultrasonography can completely display the bony and soft tissue lesion of osteosarcomas.     

经直肠超声诊断前列腺增生的价值

目的 :探讨经直肠彩色多普勒超声对前列腺增生的诊断价值。方法 :应用经直肠彩色多普勒超声检测 38例前列腺增生患者 ,计算体积、重量 ,按重量分五组 :≤ 2 0 g,2 0 g～ 2 5 g,2 6 g～ 5 0 g,5 1g～ 75 g,≥ 76 g,并测定分析血流动力学参数。结果 :前列腺增生患者前列腺内腺增大回声不均匀 ,可合并内外腺之间弧形小结石和内腺小囊肿 ,可有增生结节 ,腺体内血流信号增加 ,组内、组间收缩期峰值血流速度 (Vs)、阻力指数 (RI)均有统计学差异 (P<0 .0 5 ) ,并与重量呈正相关。结论 :经直肠彩色多普勒超声是目前临床上前列腺最佳检查方法之一 ,有助于临床对前列腺增生的准确诊断。     

MR动态增强扫描在前列腺癌诊断及鉴别诊断中的应用价值(英文)

目的通过绘制时间信号强度曲线,探讨 MRI 快速序列动态增强在前列腺癌诊断及鉴别诊断中的价值。方法对5例无泌尿系症状健康对照者、13例经病理证实的前列腺癌及36例前列腺增生行 MR 平扫、动态增强及延迟扫描,测量并计算病灶和正常组织的相对信号强度值,并绘制正常周围带、前列腺癌与增生三者的时间信号强度曲线。结果正常周围带轻度强化,并缓慢上升至晚期达峰值;36例前列腺增生早期明显强化并逐渐上升至中晚期达峰值后缓慢下降;13例前列腺癌中9例早期明显强化,并快速下降,4例 T_2WI 像上弥漫性病灶呈现中晚期强化。结论正常周围带、前列腺癌及前列腺增生的动态强化方式明显不同,应用动态增强扫描可对前列腺癌的诊断与鉴别诊断起积极作用。     

超声引导乳腺微创立体旋切系统治疗乳腺纤维腺瘤

目的：验证超声引导监控乳腺微创立体旋切系统（Mammotome）治疗乳腺纤维腺瘤技术的可行性.方法：应用AlokaSSD-4000高频超声显像仪引导监控,使用Mammotome对50例最大径线为0.8～2.7cm的瘤体行乳腺微创手术.结果：50例乳腺纤维瘤被完全切除,超声引导监控清晰,瘤体切除完全.经过7～19个月随访,未见复发.结论：Mammotome治疗乳腺纤维腺瘤技术安全可靠、创伤小、美容效果好;超声监控实时方便,定位准确,利于手术进行.     

MR动态增强扫描在前列腺癌诊断及鉴别诊断中的应用价值

目的通过绘制时间信号强度曲线,探讨MRI快速序列动态增强在前列腺癌诊断及鉴别诊断中的价值方法对5例无泌尿系症状健康对照者、13例经病理证实的前列腺癌及36例前列腺增生行MR平扫、动态增强及延迟扫描,测量并计算病灶和正常组织的相对信号强度值,并绘制正常周围带、前列腺癌与增生三者的时间信号强度曲线。结果正常周围带轻度强化,并缓慢上升至晚期达峰值;36例前列腺增生早期明显强化并逐渐上升至中晚期达峰值后缓慢下降;13 例前列腺癌中9例早期明显强化,并快速下降,4例T2WI像上弥漫性病灶呈现中晚期强化结论正常周围带、前列腺癌及前列腺增生的动态强化方式明显不同,应用动态增强扫描可对前列腺癌的诊断与鉴别诊断起积极作用。