Prenatally detected cystic neuroblastoma

A case of adrenal cystic neuroblastoma (NB) detected by prenatal ultrasonography (US) is presented. The suprarenal mass initially showed pure cystic features on a variety of imaging studies such as US, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging. Tumor markers were negative. The mass was suspected to be an adrenal hemorrhage rather than a NB. Three months later, although the diameter was unchanged, the thickness of the cyst wall seemed to have slightly increased. Surgical exploration revealed an adrenal cystic tumor and histology showed a NB in situ. Forty-five infants with prenatally detected NB were found in the English literature; about one-half of them were cystic NBs, and most had a favorable outcome. Accepted: 29 July 1996     

食管腔内超声食管癌术前分期评价

目的 评价腔内超声(EU)对食管癌术前分期的准确性.方法30例食管癌患者术前进行EU(5MH_z直径 10mm)检查,其中8例(26.7%)因狭窄严重未能对肿瘤进行全面探测.全部患者均接受手术治疗,将术前临床分期.EU分期的结果与术后病理分期进行对比分析.结果 术前临床分期正确率仅为40%.EU对肿瘤外侵程度(T)、区域淋巴结受累情况(N)及术前分期的正确率在全组分别为76.7%、66.7%和70.0%,若去除严重狭窄病例后上升为77.7%、77.7%和77.3%.结论 EU能相当准确地对食管癌进行术前分期,提示肿瘤有无外侵或淋巴结转移,为治疗提供指导.病灶周围炎症反应、肿瘤微转移灶及严重狭窄是影响分期正确性的重要因素.     

糖尿病患者下肢动脉管壁内膜-中层厚度的研究

目的 研究糖尿病与动脉硬化性血管障碍的关系。方法 对６０例糖尿病患者及６０例非糖尿病患者进行超声检查,两侧下肢动脉内径（Ｄ）、内膜－中层厚度（ＩＭＴ）、收缩期最高速度（Ｍａｘ）、舒张期速度（Ｍｉｎ）、搏动指数（ＰＩ）、阻力指数（ＲＩ）及有无斑块形成,进行统计。结果 ＩＭＴ糖尿病组较非糖尿病组增厚（Ｐ〈０．０１）,各项血流参数在糖尿 且与非糖尿病组间差别无显著性（Ｐ〈０．０５）。结论 下肢动脉的ＩＭ     

合并肾囊肿的肾细胞癌临床特点(附64例报道)

目的:总结肾癌合并有肾囊肿病例的临床特点,探讨合并有肾囊肿肾癌病例的诊断、治疗方法,为研究肾癌的发病机制及其预防提供线索。方法:回顾我院1996年5月至2004年1月收治的64例肾癌合并有肾囊肿病例,分析其临床特点,比较B超、CT、MRI在诊断该疾病中的特点和作用,并与同期收治的106例没有合并肾囊肿肾癌病例的临床资料进行分析比较。结果:B超、CT和MRI在诊断肾癌合并有肾囊肿病例时,检查出肾囊肿的准确性分别为37%、24%和35%,而全部64例病理检查中又查出15例(23%)囊性占位性病变;该64例患者全部进行了手术治疗,术后病理报告为肾癌,病理诊断:透明细胞癌61例,颗粒细胞癌2例,混合型(透明细胞癌 颗粒细胞癌)1例;与同期未合并肾囊肿的肾癌病例相比,合并有肾囊肿肾癌病例更好发于男性(P<0.007),且发病年龄较轻(P<0.05),无症状肾癌比例较少(P<0.001),小肾癌(肿瘤直径≤4cm)占比例也相对较少(P<0.024),肿瘤的病理类型和肿瘤的临床分期也有统计学差异(分别是P<0.037和P<0.043)。结论:合并肾囊肿的肾癌具有易发于男性年轻患者、以有症状的非小肾癌居多的特点。B超、CT、MRI在诊断出肾癌的同时,诊断发现肾囊肿的准确性不高,肾癌可能掩盖了对肾囊肿的诊断,联合病理检查可能增加对肾囊肿的诊断;合并有肾囊肿的肾癌有其     

腔内超声对直肠癌术前分期诊断的应用价值

目的:评价腔内超声(ELUS)对直肠癌术前分期诊断的准确性及局限性.方法:对58例直肠癌术前行ELUS检查,参考TNM分期标准进行术前分期诊断,并与手术及术后病理结果对照.结果:ELUS对58例直肠癌浸润深度诊断符合率达79.3%,T1、T2、T3、T4各期诊断灵敏度分别为100%、58.8%、87.5%、83.3%.对T2期诊断灵敏度最低,误诊7例中6例过深判断为T3期,且均为溃疡型腺癌.ELUS对54例直肠癌淋巴结转移诊断灵敏度、特异度、准确度分别为76.9%、75.0%、75.9%.淋巴结转移ELUS漏诊6例,淋巴结转移ELUS诊断假阳性7例.结论:ELUS对直肠癌浸润深度及肠周淋巴结转移诊断准确度较高,可成为直肠癌术前分期诊断良好的方法.对T2期的过深判断为影响诊断符合率的重要因素,肿瘤导致肠腔明显狭窄或肿瘤位于直肠上段也影响ELUS的准确性.     

Intravascular ultrasound in interventional radiology

Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) imaging provides useful additional information to X-ray angiography in selected cases of balloon angioplasty and stent placement with complex vascular anatomy and unclear findings at angiography. It facilitates accurate measurements of the vessel dimensions and reveals the extent of the disease for the selection of proper angioplasty balloon size, as well as confirms full expansion and attachment of the stent or stent graft to the arterial wall. Intravascular US imaging contributes useful information for the basis of planning surgical or endovascular therapy of aortic dissection and is valuable for guiding percutaneous fenestration of the dissection flap. This imaging modality facilitates placement of vena cava filter without cavography and/or fluoroscopy in patients with contraindication for iodine contrast media and/or X-ray fluoroscopy. Technical development may further increase utility of IVUS imaging in interventional radiology. Received: 22 May 2000; Accepted: 7 June 2000     

The Relationship Between Cerebral Blood Flow Velocities and the Amount of Blood Clots in Computed Tomography After Subarachnoid Haemorrhage

127 patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) were analyzed for the relationship between the amount of blood clots as detected by initial computed tomography (CT) up to 48 hours after SAH and changes of blood flow velocities as measured using transcranial Doppler ultrasonography (TCD). All patients were operated on within 72 hours after SAH. Patients who presented with remarkable brain oedema or with pathological intracranial pressure (ICP) due to mass effects of a haematoma, and who were in a poor neurological condition classified according to Hunt-Hess as grade V were excluded from this study. Serial TCD examination of the middle cerebral arteries (MCA) and anterior cerebral arteries (ACA) started within 48 hours after SAH and were performed daily up to three weeks. A statistically significant correlation between blood load designated according to Fisher's grading as group CT I-CT IV and mean flow velocities (MFV) was found in groups CT I, II, and III. High values of MFV in MCA examinations were noted in patients with severe SAH (group CT III)--161 cm/s, and low values in patients without SAH (group CT I)--119 cm/s. Patients with haematocephalus and/or haematoma without a mass effect (group CT IV) had lower blood flow velocities than patients with severe SAH (group CT III) but values were higher than in patients without SAH (group CT I). The number of days for which MFV in the MCA was > 120 cm/s and was statistically (p < 0.05) correlated with the amount of blood clots as observed in the respective CT (in group CT I, II, and III). MFV values in the anterior cerebral artery (ACA) were lower than those obtained in the middle cerebral artery (MCA) in all groups. Statistically significant (p < 0.05) differences were noted between groups CT I and CT III (first and third week) and between groups CT I and CT IV (third week). If the SAH was extensive in the CT scan, pathological values of MFV > 90 cm/s were observed in ACA, and this was more pronounced in group CT III than in group CT IV. Blood flow velocities obtained via TCD were registered to compare side-to-side differences and particularly high differences were observed in patients with severe SAH. It is concluded that the amount of blood clots in the initial computed tomography after SAH is significantly correlated with cerebral blood flow velocity measurements by TCD.     

视网膜脱离复位手术后硅油填充眼B超检查

目的　观察视网膜脱离复位手术后硅油填充眼的B型超声声像图特征。方法　对 197眼充填硅油的眼 (其中12 4眼屈光介质混浊 )在视网膜脱离复位术后采取不同体位 ,包括仰卧位、俯卧位、坐位、侧卧位进行B型超声扫描检查 ,回顾性分析其回声特征。结果　 5 4眼充满硅油的眼 ,在各种体位均见经硅油传播而放大的玻璃体腔及球壁回声。14 3眼硅油未充满的 ,在玻璃体腔内除硅油回声外还可见液体回声。仰卧位时 ,在后球壁前方见呈弧线状油液界面光带 ;俯卧位时 ,在玻璃体腔前部见油液界面呈曲线状回声光带 ;2种体位均可见放大的玻璃体和后球壁回声。在坐位或侧卧位 ,当探头垂直于油液界面扫描时 ,可见 2个分别来自玻璃体腔及后球壁的回声带 ;当探头斜向于硅油扫描时 ,可见被放大的玻璃体腔和后球壁回声 ;当超声仅通过液体时 ,回声图与常规检查相同。结论　视网膜脱离复位手术后硅油填充眼具有典型的B型超声声像图特征 ,这对硅油填充眼、尤其在介质混浊时 ,判定视网膜状态很有帮助     

276例急性上消化道大量出血病因分析

目的:分析急性上消化道大量出血的病因及急诊诊断方法,以提高其急诊诊断水平.方法:回顾近十年来收治急性上消化道大量出血患者276例资料,分析急诊诊断方法及结果,并将入院诊断与最后诊断对比.结果:48小时内参与B超检查阳性率50.61%(83/164),胃镜检查阳性率95.24%(100/105),血管造影100%(5/5).入院诊断消化性溃疡、食管胃底静脉曲张破裂、肿瘤、出血性胃炎、贲门黏膜撕裂、血管畸形和Dieulafoy病构成比分别为38.77%、45.65%、8.70%、6.52%、0.36%、0,而最后诊断分别为35.14%、34.78%、21.74%、2.54%、1.45%、4.35%;诊断符合率分别为73.20%、86.46%、20.00%、71.43%、25.00%、0,其中最高是食管胃底静脉曲张破裂,最低是血管畸形和Dieulafoy病.结论:单凭病史作出急性上消化道大量出血的病因诊断可能存在一定误差,非创伤性B超检查有助于病因诊断,急诊胃镜及血管造影检查能作出病因诊断.     

新疆维吾尔族、汉族2型糖尿病住院患者颈动脉粥样硬化及危险因素的对比研究

目的比较维吾尔族和汉族2型糖尿病住院患者颈动脉粥样硬化的检出率及相关的危险因素。方法136例维吾尔族和158例汉族2型糖尿病住院患者进行颈动脉B超检查,记录临床资料,测量收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)、计算体质指数(BMI),检测糖化血红蛋白(HbA1C)、总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、脂蛋白a(LP(a))、凝血酶原时间(PT)、活化部分凝血酶原时间(APTT)、凝血酶时间(TT)、纤维蛋白原(Fg)。结果维吾尔族和汉族2型糖尿病患者颈动脉粥样硬化检出率分别为38.2%,51.8%,维吾尔族患者高于汉族(P<0.05)。维吾尔族患者BMI、LDL-C和病程分别为(28.67±3.02)kg/m2(、3.29±0.53)mmol/L(、5.42±0.58)a,BMI、LDL-C高于汉族患者,差别有统计学意义(P<0.05),而病程明显短于汉族患者(P<0.05)。结论维吾尔族2型糖尿病住院患者颈动脉粥样硬化的检出率显著高于汉族患者并有早发倾向,这可能与维吾尔族患者的BMI和LDL-C水平高于汉族患者有关。