炼钢连铸混合智能调度方法及其应用

在炼钢连铸生产工艺约束条件下,针对多设备、多工序、以及生产类型复杂的生产环境,目前还难以在合理时间内获得最优调度解,提出了基于规则的专家调度方法、基于规划的两阶段调度方法和基于多级模糊综合评价方法的混合智能调度方法,并在合理时间内得到一个有效的可行解。应用混合智能调度方法建立了智能调度架构,设计并开发了软件系统。该系统应用于国内某大型钢厂的生产调度,在缩短计划编制时间、减少钢水等待时间、提高设备利用率方面获得显著经济效益。     

暴发性急性胰腺炎38例治疗分析

目的：探讨暴发性急性胰腺炎的治疗方法.方法：回顾性分析从1991年1月至2005年12月收治的38例暴发性急性胰腺炎病例,分为急诊手术治疗、非手术治疗和非手术治疗结合早期手术治疗3细观察疗效.结果：38例中存活24例,总体生存率为63.16%,其中急诊手术治疗10例,存活4例（40%）;单纯非手术治疗组16例,存活9例（56.25%）;非手术治疗结合早期手术治疗治疗组12例,存活11例（91.67%）.3组存活率两两比较其差异具有显著性（P＜0.05）;3组的急性生理学和慢性健康评分标准APCHEⅡ（acute physiology and chronic health evaluationⅡ）评分两两比较均不具有显著性差异（P＞0.05）.结论：对于暴发性急性胰腺炎应在强化的非手术监护治疗下行早期手术治疗,腹腔间隔室综合征的发展程度是决定手术时机的关键;手术目的是进行充分有效的腹腔减压和引流而不是以清除胰腺的坏死组织为目的;术后血液透析对于阻止胰腺局部病变和全身病情加重,保护脏器功能具有显著功能.     

大剂量盐酸氨溴索联合新型鼻罩持续呼吸道正压通气治疗新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征

目的探讨大剂量盐酸氨溴索(沐舒坦)联合新型鼻罩持续呼吸道正压通气治疗新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征(NRDS)的疗效。方法选择NRDS患儿114例,随机分成治疗组(n=58)和对照组(n=56),两组在相同综合治疗的基础上,对照组予头罩吸氧(氧流量4~6 L/min),治疗组予大剂量沐舒坦30 mg/(kg.d),分2次用5%葡萄糖注射液20 mL稀释后静脉滴注,并联合新型鼻罩持续呼吸道正压通气(NCPAP),其参数设定为流量6~8 L/min,吸入氧浓度(FiO2)0.4~0.6,压力为5~8 cm H2O,观察两组治疗后12及48 h的临床表现及血气变化,比较pa(O2)及pa(CO2)及pa(O2)/FiO2的变化。结果治疗组44例经治疗12 h及48h后,呼吸困难和呻吟明显减轻或消失,血pa(O2)升高,pa(CO2)下降,氧合参数明显增加,其中以胸片RDS分级Ⅰ及Ⅱ级效果较佳,Ⅲ及Ⅳ级效果较差;治疗组总有效率75.8%,而对照组为26.7%,两组疗效及血气、氧合指数比较均有显著性差异。结论大剂量沐舒坦联合新型鼻罩持续呼吸道正压通气能改善通气及氧合,对新生儿RDS有较好的疗效,尤其对胸片RDS分级Ⅰ级及Ⅱ级的患儿,早期应用可避免气管插管,减少机械通气率。     

两种噪声强度测定法用于噪声作业岗位卫生学评价的比较

目的　探讨两种不同方法对工作场所的噪声强度进行测定的效果 ,为噪声作业岗位的卫生学评价提供科学依据。方法　选择有噪声作业的 3个场所 ,且噪声是不连续、非稳态噪声 ,分别用瞬时测定方法和等效连续A声级测定方法对噪声强度进行测定。结果　用瞬时测定方法测得 3个工作场所A、B、C的噪声强度分别是 89 6dB(A)、95 3dB(A)和 92 7dB(A) ,3个工作场所的噪声强度都超过国家职业卫生标准。用等效连续A声级方法测得 3个工作场所的噪声强度分别是 83 8dB(A)、92 5dB(A)和 88 7dB(A) ,根据国家职业卫生标准 ,工作场所A噪声强度未超标 ,工作场所B、C噪声强度超标。结论　对于不连续、非稳态噪声 ,用等效连续A声级方法测定噪声强度比瞬时测定方法更科学合理 ,更客观反映劳动者接触噪声的实际情况     

Interaction of treatment with a continuous variable: simulation study of power for several methods of analysis

In a large simulation study reported in a companion paper, we investigated the significance levels of 21 methods for investigating interactions between binary treatment and a continuous covariate in a randomised controlled trial. Several of the methods were shown to have inflated type 1 errors. In the present paper, we report the second part of the simulation study in which we investigated the power of the interaction procedures for two sample sizes and with two distributions of the covariate (well and badly behaved). We studied several methods involving categorisation and others in which the covariate was kept continuous, including fractional polynomials and splines. We believe that the results provide sufficient evidence to recommend the multivariable fractional polynomial interaction procedure as a suitable approach to investigate interactions of treatment with a continuous variable. If subject‐matter knowledge gives good arguments for a non‐monotone treatment effect function, we propose to use a second‐degree fractional polynomial approach, but otherwise a first‐degree fractional polynomial (FP1) function with added flexibility (FLEX3) is the method of choice. The FP1 class includes the linear function, and the selected functions are simple, understandable, and transferable. Furthermore, software is available. We caution that investigation of interactions in one dataset can only be interpreted in a hypothesis‐generating sense and needs validation in new data. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A prospective,multicenter phase II study of continuous infusion of FLAG for patients older than 60 yr with resistant acute myeloid leukemia: a comparison with intensive younger patients’ trial

Relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia (R/R AML) in elderly (≥60 yr old) patients were eligible. Induction chemotherapy consisted fludarabine and cytarabine (ARAC) as a 24‐hr CI without idarubicin (C‐FLAG), which was compared with the results of C‐FLAG with idarubicin (CI‐FLAG2) in younger patients’ trial. A total of 33 and 68 patients were enrolled in C‐FLAG and CI‐FLAG2, respectively. CR, CRp, and CRi were achieved in 10 (30.3%), 3 (9.1%), and 2 (6.1%), respectively. When comparing outcomes between C‐FLAG and CI‐FLAG2, there were no difference in terms of CR rate (P = 0.572) and objective response rate (ORR; P = 0.899). Favorable predictors on ORR in C‐FLAG were PB WBC ≤ 20K/uL at salvage (P = 0.024) and early evaluation peripheral BLAST = 0% (P = 0.013) on multivariate analysis. The overall survival of patients who achieve CR/CRp/CRi showed significantly prolonged survival compared with patients who did not in C‐FLAG (P < 0.001) and was a favorable predictor of longer survival by multivariate analysis (P = 0.009). Median overall survival was 3.19 (95% CI, 2.05–4.33) months and similar with that of CI‐FLAG2 (P = 0.841). Attenuated salvage regimen C‐FLGA in elderly patients was as effective as more intensive younger patients’ regimen CI‐FLAG2 in terms of response and survival although elderly patients had more unfavorable clinical characteristics.     

The perception of the Illness with Subsequent Outcome Measure in More Favorable in Continuos Peritoneal Dialysis vs Hemodialysis in the Framework of Appraisal Model of Stress

The aim of the study was to use the appraisal model of stress to compare hemodialysis (HD) and continuous peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients with special focus on the perception of end-stage renal disease and subsequent emotional profile and health related quality of life (HQoL) in. We hypothesize that different circumstances related to both modes of therapies will result in dissimilar perception of chronic illness with subsequent changes in emotional profile and heath related quality of life. The total of 88 patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD) enrolled in hemodialysis (n=52; HD) or continuous peritoneal dialysis (n=36; CAPD) were given a battery of psychological tests: The Profile of Mood States, The Nottingham Health Profile, The Stress Situation Assessment Questionnaire, The Social Appreciation Questionnaire and The Situation and Trait and Anxiety Inventory. All patients perceived ESRD in terms of a loss and a threat. Moreover, CAPD patients evaluated ESRD as a challenge. Despite different perception of ESRD no significant difference in the level of fear, anxiety or emotional profile was found. Both HD and CAPD patient were reported more fatigue/inertia and confusion/bewilderment than control groups. The main health related complaints were similar in both ESRD patients with major complaints of sleeping disturbances, motor limitations and lack of energy. From the psychological point of view, CAPD treatment seems more like challenge to the enrolled patient which is positive outcome. Despite different appraisal of stress mood and health related complaints were similar in both groups. This may be a result of optimal regulation of cognitive perception of the stress depending on the circumstances of therapy.     

高强度间歇训练与中等强度持续训练对冠心病患者心肺功能影响的Meta分析

背景　冠心病（CHD）是心血管疾病的头号杀手，患病率和发病率一直居高不下，运动作为CHD患者的重要干预手段，一直受到广泛关注。高强度间歇训练（HIIT）与中等强度持续训练（MICT）对于改善CHD患者的心肺功能均显示出有效性，但研究结果尚存争议。因此，选择更合理的运动干预手段，对CHD患者的康复至关重要。目的　探讨HIIT与MICT对CHD患者心肺功能的影响，为CHD患者运动处方的制订提供合理依据。方法　计算机检索PubMed、EMBase、The Cochrane Library、Web of Science、中国生物医学文献数据库（CBM）、中国知网（CNKI）、维普网和万方数据知识服务平台，搜集应用HIIT与MICT干预CHD患者心肺功能的文献，检索时限均为建库至2020年11月。收集第一作者、发表时间、国家、总样本、性别、年龄、运动类型、运动周期、运动频率、运动处方（HIIT、MICT）、结局指标〔峰值摄氧量（VO2peak），无氧阈（VO2AT），最大心率（HRmax），血压（BP），呼吸交换比率（RER），CO2通气当量斜率（VE/VCO2 Slope），静息心率（HRrest）〕等信息，采用Cochrane偏倚风险评估工具对纳入的研究进行方法学质量评估，采用Review Manage 5.3和Stata 15.1软件进行统计学分析。结果　共纳入了12篇文献，其中存在低、中、高风险的研究分别为3篇、8篇和1篇。纳入研究总样本量为618例，其中接受HIIT、MICT干预的样本量分别为305例和313例。Meta分析结果显示：HIIT对VO2peak〔MD=1.63，95%CI（0.64，2.62），P=0.001〕、VO2AT〔MD=2.62，95%CI（0.82，4.42），P=0.004〕、HRmax〔MD=5.41，95%CI（2.28，8.53），P=0.000 7〕、SBP〔MD=3.16，95%CI（0.26，6.06），P=0.03〕的改善效果均优于MICT。两种运动模式对RER〔MD=0.01，95%CI（-0.01，0.03），P=0.27〕、VE/VCO2 Slope〔MD=-0.26，95%CI（-1.87，1.34），P=0.75〕、HRrest〔MD=1.19，95%CI（-0.42，2.80），P=0.15〕、DBP〔MD=2.56，95%CI（-0.21，5.32），P=0.07〕的改善效果比较，差异无统计学意义。亚组分析结果显示，对于干预周期在12周及以上的患者，HIIT对于VO2peak、RER、VO2AT和HRmax的改善效果优于MICT（P<0.05）；而干预周期在12周以下的患者，两种运动模式对于各指标的改善效果比较，差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论　HIIT在改善患者VO2peak、VO2AT、HRmax以及BP方面均优于MICT，且干预周期12周及以上的CHD患者HIIT较MICT改善心肺功能的优势更明显。