Moving Empirically Supported Practices to Addiction Treatment Programs: Recruiting Supervisors to Help in Technology Transfer

Federal and state funding agencies are encouraging or mandating the use of empirically supported treatments in addiction programs, yet many programs have not moved in this direction (Forman, Bovasso, and Woody, ; Roman and Johnson, ; Willenbring et al., ). To improve the skills of counselors in community addiction programs, the authors developed an innovative Web-based course on Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), a widely accepted empirically-supported practice (ESP) for addiction. Federal funding supports this Web course and a randomized controlled trial to evaluate its effectiveness. Since supervisors often play a pivotal role in helping clinicians transfer learned skills from training courses to the workplace, the authors recruited supervisor-counselor teams, engaging 54 supervisors and 120 counselors. Lessons learned focus on supervisor recruitment and involvement, supervisors’ perceptions of CBT, their own CBT skills and their roles in the study, and implications for technology transfer for the addiction field as a whole. Recruiting supervisors proved difficult because programs lacked clinical supervisors. Recruiting counselors was also difficult because programs were concerned about loss of third-party reimbursement. Across the addiction field, technology transfer will be severely hampered unless such infrastructure problems can be solved. Areas for further investigation are identified.     

试析药品不良反应发生后赔偿主体的认定

发生药品不良反应后,究竟应由谁来对患者受到的损害承担责任?长期以来一直存在争议。司法实践中,法院往往依据民法中的公平原则判决医院承担相应责任。笔者拟通过对一起案例进行剖析,指出药品不良反应案例的审理仍应根据“过错原则”来认定,并提出在无过错主体情形下如何维护受害人合法权益的法律建议。     

论医科大学教学医院医学工程科承担教学任务

通过医学工程科主动承担医疗设备专业课程教学任务,探索了医科（军医）大学教学医院医学工程科学科建设发展的途径,通过教学相长提高了医工科的业务技术能力与学术水平。指出了医科（军医）大学教学医院医学工程科承担医疗设备专业课教学任务是促进学科全面建设发展的有效途径。     

上海某二级医院实行委托管理的探索

医院托管是将医院委托给有一定知名度及一定实力与经验的（医疗）管理有限公司或三级医院,根据＂政事分开、管办分开＂的精神,进行大胆改革的一种管理模式。本文将简要阐述目前医院托管的背景,通过以一家（非中心）二级医院为例,总结其托管后采取的举措和取得的成果,分析医院托管的成功和不足的相关因素,并得出结论：委托管理符合新医改的方向,是医疗资源整合的一种模式,也是二级医院生存发展的优选途径之一。     

生物等效性试验健康受试者筛选流程的优化

目的 探讨如何提高生物等效性试验健康受试者筛选期的工作效率.方法 试验甲给予受试者根据各个检查项目等待人数自由分流的筛选方法;试验乙给予对部分检查项目进行先后顺序限定,并要求研究者在发现受试者某项检查结果异常后,应及时终止其继续参加其他检查的筛选方法.比较2个试验中受试者在某项检查不合格时合并有其他项目检查的情况.结果...     

Calcium-Sensing Receptors of Human Astrocyte-Neuron Teams: Amyloid-β-Driven Mediators and Therapeutic Targets of Alzheimer’s Disease

It is generally assumed that the neuropathology of sporadic (late-onset or nonfamilial) Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is driven by the overproduction and spreading of first Amyloid-β_x-42 (Aβ₄₂) and later hyperphosphorylated (hp)-Tau oligomeric “infectious seeds”. Hitherto, only neurons were held to make and spread both oligomer types; astrocytes would just remove debris. However, we have recently shown that exogenous fibrillar or soluble Aβ peptides specifically bind and activate the Ca²⁺-sensing receptors (CaSRs) of untransformed human cortical adult astrocytes and postnatal neurons cultured in vitro driving them to produce, accrue, and secrete surplus endogenous Aβ₄₂. While the Aβ-exposed neurons start dying, astrocytes survive and keep oversecreting Aβ₄₂, nitric oxide (NO), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A. Thus astrocytes help neurons’ demise. Moreover, we have found that a highly selective allosteric CaSR agonist (“calcimimetic”), NPS R-568, mimics the just mentioned neurotoxic actions triggered by Aβ●CaSR signaling. Contrariwise, and most important, NPS 2143, a highly selective allosteric CaSR antagonist (“calcilytic”), fully suppresses all the Aβ●CaSR signaling-driven noxious actions. Altogether our findings suggest that the progression of AD neuropathology is promoted by unceasingly repeating cycles of accruing exogenous Aβ₄₂ oligomers interacting with the CaSRs of swelling numbers of astrocyte-neuron teams thereby recruiting them to overrelease additional Aβ₄₂ oligomers, VEGF-A, and NO. Calcilytics would beneficially break such Aβ/CaSR-driven vicious cycles and hence halt or at least slow the otherwise unstoppable spreading of AD neuropathology     

注射用重组人血清白蛋白-人粒细胞集落刺激因子(Ⅰ)融合蛋白在健康受试者的耐受性研究

目的评价重组(酵母分泌型)人血清白蛋白-人粒细胞集落刺激因子(Ⅰ)融合蛋白在健康受试者的耐受性和安全性。方法将26例健康受试者(男女各半)按先后顺序入组,进行4个剂量组试验(150,300,500,650μg·kg^-1),每组分别入组4,6,8,8例。根据体重计算给药剂量,受试者于给药当天上臂三角肌部位皮下注射给药1次。用药后观察药物不良事件(AE),定时进行实验室检查、心电图检查。结果共25例受试者发生AE,共145例次。150,300,500及650μg·kg^-1剂量组的AE分别为13,11,56和65例次。其中134例次考虑与研究药物相关。常见的AE有骨痛、单核细胞计数升高、血碱性磷酸酶升高、头痛、高尿酸血症、血乳酸脱氢酶升高、脾肿大、肌肉疲劳。研究中未出现AE导致的用药暂停、受试者退出或试验提前中止。未发生严重不良事件(SAE)。未发生剂量限制性毒性。结论注射用重组(酵母分泌型)人血清白蛋白-人粒细胞集落刺激因子(Ⅰ)融合蛋白在中国健康受试者中单次给药150,650μg·kg^-1剂量范围内有较好的安全性,本临床试验未探索到健康人群的最大耐受剂量。     

论文被引频次学科领域百分位在创建期刊百分位数指标中的应用

【目的】 探讨基于InCites数据库中论文被引频次百分位创建期刊百分位数指标的方法,比较不同百分位数指标的期刊评价效果。【方法】 以2018年版JCR中多学科交叉科学期刊及其2017—2018年发表的论文为研究对象,根据InCites数据库中论文被引频次学科领域百分位(Percentile in Subject Area,PSA)创建期刊百分位数指标(Journal Indicator of Percentage Rank,JIPR),包括JIPR4、JIPR6、JIPR8、JIPR10、JIPR100和平均PSA(aPSA),比较不同JIPR对多学科交叉科学期刊的评价效果。【结果】 68种期刊的JIPR4呈偏态分布,其他JIPR呈正态分布,多数指标之间呈高度相关,不同等级JIPR之间相关度更高;影响因子与aPSA排序位次变化较大的期刊多是发表综述文献较多、单篇高被引论文对影响因子贡献较大的期刊。【结论】 与影响因子相比,多数JIPR有明显优势,其中aPSA可能是最理想的期刊评价指标。     

英国药物临床试验审评审批机制的研究

通过查阅英国药物临床试验法律法规、指南、相关文献,并对历年绩效数据进行统计后发现,英国药物临床试验审评时限比较注重科学性和灵活性,对技术审评与伦理审查程序采取并行的安排,并建立了上市后临床研究和研究者发起的科研性临床研究的审查机制等内容值得我国借鉴.我国现行药物临床试验管理制度,较好地保证了受试者的安全,但仍要把握对临...     

刍议基于医院管理的临床试验受试者的知情同意权保护

随着临床试验在国内日渐频繁,知情同意权作为受试者的一项权利已经得到普遍认同,现在医患双方都比较注重诊疗实践中一般的知情同意,而对临床试验中受试者这一特殊群体的知情同意没有引起足够的重视,导致在实践中这项权利常被侵犯,为医疗纠纷埋下了隐患。医院作为临床试验的必经场所,理应肩负起保护受试者权益的重任,文章从医院管理着手通过分析目前受试者知情同意权的保护现状进而探讨保护措施。