Inter‐subject alignment of MEG datasets in a common representational space

Pooling neural imaging data across subjects requires aligning recordings from different subjects. In magnetoencephalography (MEG) recordings, sensors across subjects are poorly correlated both because of differences in the exact location of the sensors, and structural and functional differences in the brains. It is possible to achieve alignment by assuming that the same regions of different brains correspond across subjects. However, this relies on both the assumption that brain anatomy and function are well correlated, and the strong assumptions that go into solving the under‐determined inverse problem given the high‐dimensional source space. In this article, we investigated an alternative method that bypasses source‐localization. Instead, it analyzes the sensor recordings themselves and aligns their temporal signatures across subjects. We used a multivariate approach, multiset canonical correlation analysis (M‐CCA), to transform individual subject data to a low‐dimensional common representational space. We evaluated the robustness of this approach over a synthetic dataset, by examining the effect of different factors that add to the noise and individual differences in the data. On an MEG dataset, we demonstrated that M‐CCA performs better than a method that assumes perfect sensor correspondence and a method that applies source localization. Last, we described how the standard M‐CCA algorithm could be further improved with a regularization term that incorporates spatial sensor information. Hum Brain Mapp 38:4287–4301, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

军队医院合同制护士工作倦怠与主观幸福感的相关性研究

目的了解军队医院合同制护士工作倦怠及主观幸福感现状,分析工作倦怠与主观幸福感的相关性。方法采用Maslach工作倦怠量表和中国城市居民主观幸福感量表对北京市某三级甲等军队医院的109名合同制护士进行问卷调查。结果军队医院合同制护士工作倦怠感中情感衰竭、去人格化及个人成就感得分分别为(21.48±8.60)分、(8.48±5.75)分和(28.34±9.09)分;主观幸福感总分为(78.76±9.96)分,高于常模(P<0.01);主观幸福感总分与个人成就感呈正相关(r=0.248,P<0.01),与情感衰竭(r=-0.362,P<0.01)及去人格化(r=-0.444,P<0.01)呈负相关。结论军队医院合同制护士工作倦怠中情感衰竭及去人格化处于中度倦怠水平、个人成就感处于高度倦怠水平,军队医院护理管理者应采取有效措施预防和减轻合同制护士的工作倦怠水平。     

现代针灸学科体系构建轨迹的探析——兼评承淡安《针灸学》三部曲

承淡安先生是近现代针灸学界最主要代表性人物之一,剖析其著作对针灸学术内涵的界定及其逻辑关系,按时序系统呈现不同时期对针灸学科体系构建的过程。以针灸临床疗效为起点,参考西方医学模式,吸收日本近代针灸研究成果,回归传统针灸经典理论,承淡安先生构建了现代针灸学科体系的基本框架。     

Construct Validity of Childhood Bipolar Disorder: A Developmental Perspective

The assessment and diagnosis of bipolar disorder in children remains challenging and controversial. How can the debate be resolved? This article highlights the components of a nomological network that can be applied to the validation of the construct of child-onset bipolar disorder, including phenomenology, course and prognosis, etiology, and treatment response. That is, if a particular set of symptoms coheres, has a similar time course and outcome, is explained by the same etiological mechanisms, and responds similarly to treatment, then it is reasonable to conclude that the construct is a valid representation of the disorder. Additionally, developmental issues relevant to each aspect of the network (e.g., continuity over time and between typical and atypical development) are discussed.     

Managing Variability in Perioperative Services

Variability within perioperative services has come to be something physicians, perioperative nurses, and managers expect. Peaks and valleys in schedules; differences in physician preferences for surgical implants, instruments, and supplies; staffing competencies; and inpatient bed availability are just a few examples of day-to-day variability that affects perioperative services personnel.Rather than simply responding to variability, however, the goal should be to eliminate variability in patient flow as much as possible and effectively manage what cannot be eliminated.Combining the hard science of queuing theory and simulation modeling with the soft science of change management and operations improvement expertise is the key to success, and a collaborative team makes it possible. AORN J 90 (November 2009) 677-697. © AORN, Inc, 2009.     

The impact of the Calman-Hine report on the processes and outcomes of care for Yorkshire's breast cancer patients.

BACKGROUND: The 1995 Calman-Hine plan outlined radical reform of the UK's cancer services with the aim of improving outcomes and reducing inequalities in National Health Service cancer care. Its main recommendation was to concentrate care into the hands of site-specialist multidisciplinary teams. This study aimed to determine whether these teams improved processes and outcomes of care for breast cancer patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: All patients diagnosed and treated with breast cancer in the Yorkshire region of the UK from 1995 to 2000 were identified within the Northern and Yorkshire Cancer Registry and Information Service database. Changes in the use of breast-conserving surgery, adjuvant radiotherapy following breast-conserving surgery and 5-year survival were assessed among these patients in relation to their managing breast cancer team's degree of adherence to the manual of cancer service standards (which outlines the specification of the 'ideal' breast cancer team) and the extent of site specialisation of each team's surgeons. RESULTS: Variation was observed in the extent to which the breast cancer teams in Yorkshire had conformed to the Calman-Hine recommendations. Increases in adherence to the recommendations in the manual of cancer service standards were associated with a reduction in the use of breast-conserving surgery [odds ratio (OR) = 0.83, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.70-0.98, P < 0.01]. Increases in both surgical specialisation (OR = 1.23, 95% CI = 1.00-1.55, P = 0.06) and adherence to the manual of cancer service standards (OR = 1.22, 95% CI = 0.97-1.52, P = 0.05) were associated with the increased use of radiotherapy following breast-conserving surgery. There was a trend towards improved 5-year survival (hazard ratio = 0.93, 95% CI = 0.86-1.01, P = 0.10) in relation to increasing surgical site specialisation. All these effects were present after adjustment for the casemix factors of age, stage of disease, socio-economic background and year of diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: The extent of implementation of the Calman-Hine report has been variable and, on the basis of limited clinical and organisational information available, its recommendations appear to be associated with improvements in processes and outcomes of care for breast cancer patients.     

Raisins are a low to moderate glycemic index food with a correspondingly low insulin index

The objective of this study was to determine the glycemic index (GI) and insulin index (II) of raisins and evaluate if these values are similar in different populations. The study subjects consisted of 10 healthy sedentary individuals (S; age, 25.7 ± 1.3 years; body mass index [BMI] = 23.3 ± 1.7 kg/m²), 11 aerobically trained adults (A; age, 23.1 ± 1.0 years; BMI = 24.1 ± 0.3 kg/m²), and 10 prediabetic adults (P; age, 50.0 ± 2.6 years; BMI = 32.6 ± 1.9 kg/m²). Subjects consumed 50 g of available carbohydrate from raisins and from a glucose solution (reference food) on 2 separate occasions. Serum glucose and insulin concentrations were measured from capillary fingerstick blood samples at baseline and at 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, and 120 minutes (and 150 and 180 minutes for P group) postprandially. The GI of raisins was low (GI, ≤55) in the S (49.4 ± 7.4) and P (49.6 ± 4.8) groups and was moderate (GI, 55-69) in the A group (62.3 ± 10.5), but there were no differences among the subject groups (P = .437). The II of raisins was 47.3 ± 9.4, 51.9 ± 6.5, and 54.4 ± 8.9 for the S, A, and P groups, respectively. On average, the A group secreted 2- to 2.5-fold less insulin per gram of carbohydrate compared with the S and P groups (P < .05). Thus, raisins are a low to moderate GI food, with a correspondingly low II. The lower insulin response in the A group compared with the other groups suggests enhanced insulin sensitivity.     

论食品卫生行政执法中不移送案件的刑事责任

食品卫生行政执法主体及时移送涉嫌犯罪的案件是保护食品安全的要求。故意不移送，情节严重的，则会构成徇私舞弊不移交刑事案件罪；负有追究责任的国家机关工作人员徇私舞弊，不履行法律规定的追究职责，情节严重的，则会构成放纵制售伪劣商品犯罪行为罪。     

Peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptors on platelets are correlated with the degrees of anxiety in normal human subjects

RATIONALE: Anxiety is the one of the main symptoms of psychiatric disorders. Psychosocial stressors have been shown to be related to the onset of anxious episodes. Peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptors (PBR) are involved in regulating stress responses. The sensitivity of PBR to acute or chronic stress has been demonstrated in various situations. The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) is one of the longest standing and most frequently used measures of anxiety. The development, evaluation, and use of biological markers with anxious conditions in psychiatry are extremely important. OBJECTIVES: The aims of this survey are to see whether PBR can be used in screening the degrees of anxiety which occur when normal persons are placed in the stressful conditions. METHODS: Twenty-four healthy volunteers (14 men, 10 women; mean age 46 years) participated in this study. We administered the STAI to all the volunteers. The binding of the radioactive PBR antagonist [(3)H]PK 11195 to platelet membranes was determined for these volunteers. RESULTS: The mean STAI scores were 40.3+/-8.0 for trait anxiety and 39.0+/-8.9 for state anxiety. B(max) of the platelet PBR binding was 2845+/-2109 fmol/mg protein. Pearson correlational analyses revealed that B(max) values were significantly and positively correlated with scores for trait anxiety but not significantly correlated with scores for state anxiety. CONCLUSIONS: PBR on platelets are correlated with trait anxiety scales of the STAI in healthy normal subjects. It is therefore suggested that the density of platelet PBR is highly associated with these personality traits for anxiety tolerance. PBR density in platelet could also be used as a promising biological marker of stressful conditions.     

从现代公共卫生内涵探寻我国公共卫生建设之路

公共卫生的内涵是随着人类生存发展而不断发展变化的。本文分析了现代公共卫生的内涵、特点和功能。针对我国当前突现的公共卫生体系存在的问题,提出我国公共卫生建设的基本思路:确定公共卫生范畴、政府加大投入、明确公共卫生的主体责任和社会责任、完善突发公共卫生事件应急机制等。