Comparison of video-recorded laryngeal movements during swallowing by normal young men with piezoelectric sensor and electromyographic signals

The movement of the larynx in five young men during the swallowing of a liquid was examined by simultaneously recording a video-movie, the trajectory of a piezoelectric sensor, and the surface electromyogram of the suprahyoid muscles (SH). The movies revealed swallowing was associated with four characteristic spatial points of laryngeal movement: (1) a slight movement in the superoposterior direction (1.9 ± 1.2 s; mean ± SD of the time elapsed after the command to swallow was issued); (2) the initiation of anterosuperior elevation (2.3 ± 1.3 s); (3) the turn at the highest position (3.2 ± 1.2 s); and (4) the return to the initial position (4.1 ± 1.4 s). The piezoelectric sensor and the SH electromyogram also detected characteristic temporal points that closely corresponded to the characteristic temporal points captured by the video. The advantages of using movies in swallowing research are discussed.     

韦氏成人智力量表第四版中文版的信度和结构效度

目的:考察韦氏成人智力量表第四版(WAIS-Ⅳ)中文版的信度和结构效度.方法:以年龄、性别、受教育程度为主要变量按比例分层取样,全国16岁以上人口中的实际有效样本1757人,应用WAIS-Ⅳ中文版对样本进行个体智力测验,其中84名被试间隔22d后接受WAIS-Ⅳ中文版的重测.结果:WAIS-Ⅳ中文版的平均信度系数在分测验、过程分数、合成分数上分别为0.82 ～0.94、0.79 ～ 0.83,0.90 ～0.98.重测信度在分测验上为0.68～0.86,过程分数为0.61 ～0.72,合成分数上是0.78 ～0.91.内部相关性研究在言语理解各分测验间为0.65 ～0.71,知觉推理各分测验为0.49～0.57,工作记忆各分测验为0.61,加工速度各分测验为0.61.4个指数分数与全量表智商分数的相关为0.76～0.88.验证性因素分析表明量表的四因素结构拟合较好(RMSEA=0.05,NFI、NNFI、CFI、IFI、RFI、GFI、AGFI均＞0.90,SRMR=0.024).结论:韦氏成人智力量表第四版中文版具有良好的信度和结构效度.     

按三级学科方向培养手术室专科护士可行性的调查

目的：了解不同等级医院对手术室专科护士的需求,探索能满足不同等级医院手术室护理工作实际需求的专科护士培训方案。方法自行设计调查表,选择在江苏省手术室专科护士培训基地学习的80名手术室护士进行调查。调查内容包括一般资料、所在医院三级学科和亚专业学科细化情况、参加专科护士培训后工作状况、手术室专科护士的培养模式和按照三级学科培养手术室专科护士的实施方案4个方面。结果80名护士均认为有必要开展手术室专科护士培训,80．00％的人认为目前模式属手术室全科护士的培训;72．22％的二级医院的护士认为参加培训学习的理论知识、参加的临床实践技能能满足工作需要,可继续采取目前培养模式;74．19％的三级医院的护士认为培训知识尚能满足工作需要,但针对自己的三级学科方向还不够强、不够细,应该按照三级学科培养手术室专科护士。结论根据不同等级医院手术室护理工作的实际需求,建立统一招生、同步培训、分层培养的统分结合培养模式,能培养适应不同等级医院手术室需求的专科护士。     

Topographic analysis of the development of individual activation patterns during performance monitoring in medial frontal cortex

Age-related improvements in human performance monitoring have been linked to maturation of medial frontal cortex (MFC) in healthy youth, however, imaging studies conflict regarding age-related changes in MFC activation patterns. Topographical analysis of single-subject activation enables measurement of variation in location of MFC activation by age, as well as other potentially influential factors (e.g., performance on task). In this study, 22 youth (ages 8–17 years) and 21 adults (ages 23–51 years) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging during a performance monitoring task examining interference and errors. Single-subject factors (extent of MFC activation, age and accuracy) were entered into a three-level hierarchical linear model to test the influence of these characteristics on location of MFC activation. Activation shifted from a rostral/anterior to a more dorsal/posterior location with increasing age and accuracy during interference. Inclusion of age and accuracy accounted for almost all of the unexplained variance in location of interference-related activation within MFC. This pattern links improvement of performance-monitoring capacity to age-related increases in posterior MFC and decreases in anterior MFC activation. Taken together, these results show the maturation of performance monitoring capacity to depend on more focal engagement of posterior MFC substrate for cognitive control.     

生物等效性试验中受试者食用高脂餐的调查研究

目的评价餐后生物等效性试验中受试者食用高脂餐的情况,总结高脂餐食谱制订的考虑因素。方法对完成首都医科大学附属北京朝阳医院Ⅰ期临床试验研究室(以下简称"本中心")两周期、双交叉、餐后生物等效性试验的33例健康受试者的高脂餐食谱、就餐时间、进食量进行分析,对食用西式高脂餐的21例受试者进行就餐感受的问卷调查,调查内容包括食用高脂餐的感受、餐后饱腹感、餐后有无不适、对于中西式高脂餐的选择和对西式高脂餐中接受度不高的成分。结果本中心选择的中式、西式高脂餐对于受试者的进食量均无影响;57. 14%的受试者倾向于食用西式高脂餐,42. 86%的受试者倾向于食用中式高脂餐;西式高脂餐中接受度不高的成分主要有黄油(33. 33%)、纯牛奶(14. 29%)、沙拉酱(14. 29%)、美式培根(9. 52%)。结论本中心选择的中西式高脂餐基本满足试验需要。综合考虑指导原则要求、受试者就餐感受、避免接受度不高的食物成分等因素,制订更为合理的高脂餐食谱,从而提高临床试验质量。