局部晚期非小细胞肺癌三维适形放射治疗致放射性肺损伤相关因素探讨

目的 探讨局部晚期非小细胞肺癌患者接受三维适形放射治疗引起放射性肺损伤(radiation-induced lung injury,RILI)的影响因素.方法 选取2014-2015年三维适形放射治疗局部晚期非小细胞肺癌患者64例,采用美国肿瘤放射治疗协作组(radiotherapy oncology group,RTOG)标准评估RILI级别,以放疗结束后3月内发生≥2级RILI作为终点事件,用SPSS 19.0统计软件进行统计学分析,χ2检验进行单因素分析,logistics多元回归模型进行多因素分析.结果 64例中23例发生放射性肺损伤,发生率35.94%;单因素分析发现性别、年龄、病理类型KPS评分、化疗周期数、肿瘤分期及肿瘤直径与RILI发生率无关(P>0.05);而吸烟、慢性阻塞性肺疾病、是否接受同期化疗、放疗总剂量、接受超过某剂量照射的肺体积占全肺总体积的百分比(肺V5、V10、V20、V30)、平均肺受量(mean lung dose,MLD)及计划靶体积(planning target volume,PTV)与RILI发生率有关(P<0.05).多因素分析显示是否接受同期化疗、肺V5、计划靶体积及放疗总剂量是RILI发生率的独立因素.结论 行三维适形放射治疗局部晚期非小细胞肺癌老年患者,若同期化疗、肺V5及放疗总剂量高、计划靶体积大,则需高度重视防治RILI.     

Development of an audio-computer assisted self-interview to investigate violence and health in the lives of adults with developmental disabilities

BackgroundAudio computer-assisted self-interviews (ACASIs) have safely and effectively obtained sensitive research data from the general public and have been recommended for use with people with disabilities. However, few studies have used ACASIs with people with disabilities and ACASIs have not been used to investigate the relationship between disability, interpersonal violence (IPV), and physical and psychological health among people with developmental disabilities (PWDD).ObjectiveWe developed an accessible ACASI specifically designed to allow PWDD to answer questions independently, while privately and securely collecting anonymous data related to their disability, IPV experiences, and physical and psychological health.MethodsWe used a safety protocol to apply community based participatory research (CBPR) principles and an iterative process to create, test, and administer a cross-sectional ACASI survey to 350 adults with developmental disabilities in urban and rural locales.ResultsMost participants completed the ACASI independently and reported that its accessibility features allowed them to do so. Most also agreed that the ACASI was easy to use, its questions were easy to understand, and that they would prefer using an ACASI to answer IPV and health-related questions rather than in a face-to-face interview. The majority agreed that health and safety were critical issues to address.ConclusionsACASI technology has the potential to maximize the independent and private participation of PWDD in research on sensitive topics. We recommend further exploration into accessibility options for ACASI technology, including hardware and Internet applications.     

Quantitative assessment of transient left ventricular asynergy in coronary artery disease

The purpose of this study was to determine the diagnostic value of quantitative two-dimensional echocardiography during transesophageal atrial pacing in assessing the presence and severity of coronary artery disease. Apical four- and two-chamber views were registered at rest and at different pacing rates. Computerized quantitative evaluation of left ventricle wall motion was performed. On the basis of left ventricle wall motion analysis data of 22 individuals with no coronary pathology, as assessed by angiography and with negative exercise ECG and transesophageal atrial pacing ECG test, nomograms for assessment of wall motion abnormalities and for calculation of asynergy area as a measure of wall motion abnormality extent were obtained. The method revealed new transient wall motion abnormalities during pacing or exacerbation of old ones present at rest in 83 of the 89 patients with angiographically proven coronary artery stenosis greater than or equal to 70% and in 3 of the 32 controls with no changes in their coronary angiograms. Thus, it showed high sensitivity (93%), specificity (91%), predictive value of positive result (96%), predictive value of negative result (83%), and efficiency of the test (93%). These values appeared to be higher than those calculated for transesophageal atrial pacing ECG, recorded simultaneously with echocardiographic images (81, 87, 95, 62, and 83%, respectively) and for exercise ECG test which was performed in 66 coronary patients and in 29 controls (68, 86, 92, 54, and 74%, respectively). The extent of pacing-induced left ventricular regional wall motion abnormalities appeared to be directly correlated to the extent of coronary artery disease.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

DCE-MRI及IVIM模型在直肠癌病理分级中的应用及其灌注参数的相关性

目的探讨动态增强磁共振成像(DCE-MRI)定量参数、体素内不相干运动(IVIM)不同模型在直肠癌病理分级中的应用价值,比较两者灌注指标的相关性。资料与方法收集行动态增强及多b值扩散加权成像扫描,且经手术或肠镜病理证实为直肠癌的37例患者,其中高分化11例,中分化12例,低分化14例,测量DCE-MRI参数容积转移常数(K^trans)、速率常数(Kep)和血管外细胞外容积分数(Ve),IVIM模型中标准表观扩散系数(标准ADC)、双阶单指数纯扩散系数(D-mono)、灌注系数(D^*-mono)、灌注分数(f-mono)及双阶双指数模型纯扩散系数(D-Bi)、灌注系数(D^*-Bi)、灌注分数(f-Bi),检验数据一致性,比较不同病理分化程度直肠癌各参数值的差异及各组间参数值的差异,分析各灌注指标间的相关性。结果观察者间测量数据一致性良好(ICC>0.5)。DCE-MRI参数K^trans、Ve值及IVIM模型参数D-mono及D^*-mono值在不同病理分级的直肠癌中差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),低分化组Ktrans及Ve值均高于高分化组;低分化组D-mono值低于高分化组,D*-mono值高于高分化组,且随着分化程度降低,D-mono值逐渐降低,D^*-mono值逐渐升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);Ve与f-Bi呈正相关(r=0.365,P=0.026)。结论DCE-MRI及IVIM模型可为直肠癌病理分级的术前评估提供较可靠的定量参数。IVIM模型的f-Bi值与DCE-MRI灌注参数Ve具有相关性。     

多层螺旋CT后处理技术对小儿气道异物的诊断价值

目的探讨多层螺旋CT后处理技术在小儿气道异物临床诊断中的应用价值。方法对我院39例疑似气道异物患儿行64排CT平扫后利用后处理技术重建图像资料,影像诊断为气道异物,并回访临床支气管镜下异物探查结果进行分析讨论。结果39例患儿中提供异物吸入史的为36例,37例支气管镜下异物探查取出术结果证实为阳性,准确率达95%,2例误诊,误诊率为5%;其中2例出现阻塞性肺炎,右侧支气管21例,左侧支气管15例,支气管分叉处1例。结论根据患儿有无吸入史,结合多层螺旋CT后处理技术后重建图像,对气道异物诊断、定位及临床治疗和预后提供了重要价值。     

股骨颈骨折术后股骨头坏死的影像学及发病因素分析

目的调查股骨颈骨折闭合复位加压内固定术后股骨头坏死的影像学表现,分析其发病因素。方法回顾性分析2006年2月至2013年3月期间接受闭合复位内固定治疗的782例股骨颈骨折患者。平均随访（6.3±2.4）年,筛选出术后出现股骨头坏死的患者132例,使用Ficat分期标准对患者进行影像学表现分期,将患者的年龄、性别、伤侧、骨折复位满意度等基本资料运用Logistic回归进行多因素分析。结果不同年龄组股骨头坏死的Ficat分期差异有统计学意义（CMH统计量为4.321,P=0.026）;男、女的Ficat分期分布情况差异无统计学意义（CMH统计量为1.532,P=0.224）。多因素回归分析显示骨折的移位程度、骨折复位质量与股骨头坏死明显相关（OR分别为2.327,4.213）。结论闭合复位加压螺纹钉内固定治疗股骨颈骨折效果较好,骨折移位程度及骨折复位质量对术后股骨头坏死的发生有明显的影响。     

数字化设计/显示技术辅助经皮椎体后凸成形术的应用研究

目的探讨数字化设计/显示技术辅助经皮椎体后凸成形术(D-PKP)对胸腰椎骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折(OVCF)的临床疗效。方法选取2019年1月至2019年5月徐州医科大学附属淮安医院收治的25例采用经皮椎体后凸成形术(PKP)治疗的单节点高龄胸腰椎OVCF患者为研究对象,采用电脑随机抽样法随机分为数字化设计/显示技术辅助PKP组(D-PKP组)13例和常规PKP组(T-PKP组)12例。测量并比较2组患者手术时间、术中X射线透视次数、骨水泥灌注量、骨水泥与上/下终板最大接触比、骨水泥渗漏率、手术前后矢状位责任椎体后凸角、住院时间与术后12 h、1 d、1周、1个月的VAS和ODI,比较2组患者手术疗效。结果本研究2组患者骨水泥灌注量比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);D-PKP组患者术后矢状位责任椎体后凸角、骨水泥与上/下终板最大接触比及骨水泥渗漏率明显优于T-PKP组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。D-PKP组患者术中X射线透视次数少于T-PKP组,手术时间、住院时间短于T-PKP组,术后12 h、1 d的VAS和ODI优于T-PKP组,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。2组患者术后1周、1个月VAS与ODI比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论数字化设计/显示技术能够辅助PKP手术的精准实施,有助于提高OVCF的治疗效果。     

人工全膝关节置换中截骨技术的研究进展

目的 探讨人工全膝关节置换术（TKA）中截骨方法的研究进展。方法 在PubMed、Springer Link、FMJS、万方网络数据库中,以“膝关节置换术”、“截骨”、“计算机导航”和“个体化模板”为关键词,查阅1988年1月—2014年6月有关人工TKA中截骨技术研究的相关文献,进行分析和总结。结果 TKA是治疗中晚期膝关节疾病的标准经典手术,术中截骨方法主要有传统器械截骨、计算机导航及个体化模板辅助截骨等。TKA中传统器械截骨,依靠机械引导装置定位及术者经验截骨,主观性强,精确度较低,手术风险大,并发症多,手术效果欠佳。与传统器械截骨相比,计算机导航辅助截骨精度可能受多种因素影响,需要的时间和并发症发生的概率更多;另外,由于其学习曲线长、设备费用昂贵、技术要求高等众多因素,限制了导航系统的推广应用。个体化模板辅助TKA技术可设计精确化的截骨方法或工具,实现个体化解剖截骨,具有提高截骨精确性、缩短手术时间、减轻手术损伤等优势,膝关节术后功能恢复更加理想。结论 随着数字骨科的不断发展,人工TKA手术方案会更加个性化,截骨更精确。数字化、个体化截骨技术可能成为今后TKA发展的新方向。     

虚拟颌面整形系统中的三维测量方法

目的通过基于医学图像的三维重建,实现人机交互的三维颌面部测量,并将其应用到虚拟颌面整形手术系统中。方法用患者符合DICOM3.0标准的CT、MRI扫描图像进行三维重建,从重建后的三维体数据中分离重建出特定的组织,然后进行基于体素的测量。结果随机选取了10份正常成年人的头部数据,用作者开发的软件平台进行测量;较之传统的手工测量,提高了操作速度和测量准确度。结论该方法实现了快捷有效的三维测量,为颌面外科手术模拟提供了一个非常实用的工具。