Advances in the generation of mouse models to elucidate the pathways of drug metabolism in rodents and man

Clinical pharmacologists have three distinct contributions to make in the economic evaluation of new and existing pharmaceutical products: they should play a significant role in promoting the principles of “opportunity costs” in healthcare; they need to have a broad understanding of the methodology of economic evaluation in healthcare; they have a critical role in bringing their specialist knowledge, skills and experience in decision-making. In fulfilling these essential roles clinical pharmacologists may find themselves outside their conventional “comfort zones”. Nevertheless, clinical pharmacologists need to rise to the occasion if they are to meet their obligations to patients and to society as a whole.     

Copy number changes of 4-gene set may predict early relapse in advanced epithelial ovarian cancer after initial platinum-paclitaxel chemotherapy

For advanced epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), time to recurrence (TTR) is an important indicator to gauge the therapeutic efficacy of postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy. Our objective was to determine the genes that could potentially distinguish patients with short versus long TTR after initial administration of platinum-paclitaxel combination chemotherapy in advanced EOC. Tumor samples of 159 patients were obtained during the primary cytoreduction. Array comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) was carried with genomic DNA from 17 EOC samples (8 with TTR > 15 months and 9 with TTR ≤ 6 months) to screen candidate gene set, copy-number changes (CNC) of which were significantly different between early and late relapse cases. Seventeen candidate genes were identified by array CGH. The analysis of consistency between real-time PCR and array CGH revealed that 4 genes displayed consistent results, namely GSTT1, ISG20L1, STARD5 and FREM1. In a 142-case validation set, CNC of 4 candidate genes was evaluated and verified by real-time PCR. Sixty five point five percent of the patients were correctly divided into early (TTR ≤ 10 months) and late (TTR > 10 months) recurrent group by CNC of the 4 genes using discriminant analysis. The results showed that CNC of 4-gene set could potentially determine early (TTR ≤ 10 months) or late relapse (TTR > 10 months) after initial platinum-paclitaxel combination chemotherapy in advanced EOC.     

江苏省医药上市公司资本配置效率分析

本文对江苏省医药上市公司资本配置效率进行了实证分析，并将江苏省医药上市公司与浙江省、上海市等长三角地区的医药上市公司进行了比较研究，分析江苏省医药上市公司与其它地区资本配置存在的差异，并在此基础上提出优化企业资本配置效率的建议。     

各国生物类似药沟通交流机制及生物类似药可互换性对比研究及建议

药品注册中的沟通交流对于控制风险、提高研发注册效率具有重要作用。对美国、欧盟、日本、韩国等国家生物类似药沟通交流机制进行对比研究,结合我国沟通交流的现状,问卷调研和专家研讨,提出完善我国生物类似药沟通交流机制的建议。各国对生物类似药的"可互换性"有着不同的界定和管理。对美欧等国家生物类似药的"可互换性"进行研究,结合问卷调研和专家研讨,提出完善我国生物类似药可互换性的建议。     

A Shared Responsibility

Children's growing use of the Internet creates both opportunities and risks. Collecting and comparing empirical findings on risks and opportunities experienced across 20 different European countries shows significant differences between them. Using Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA), this article investigates which factors contribute towards a high degree of online risk experienced by children across these countries. The research shows that patterns of similarities and differences do not seem to coincide with regional, political, and historical divides across European Union countries. The findings seem to endorse the multilayered approach of multi-stakeholder governance, which stresses the co-responsibility in securing children's online safety. However, one of the most important country conditions explaining high risk appears to be the lack of positive online content provision.