“健康中国”大背景下民众对五官科健康科普知识需求的调查分析

目的：了解上海社区居民对五官科专科健康科普知识的需求和接受意愿,为有针对性地在社区开展健康科普讲座,促进“健康中国”大目标的实现提供科学依据。方法：采用自制调查问卷对上海徐汇区、黄浦区、闵行区的10个社区的300位居民进行问卷调查。结果：43.33％的居民非常愿意参加科普活动,50.67％的居民愿意参加科普活动;居民感兴趣的保健知识主题为眼科74.67%,耳科56.67%,五官科急救49.33%,口腔科和咽喉科均为48.00%,鼻科为39.67%;78.00％的居民希望以讲座形式接受健康科普知识;98.67%的居民认为帮助很大或有帮助。结论：社区居民对五官科健康科普保健知识的需求巨大,接受意愿极高。在“健康中国2030”计划的大背景下,五官科专科护士应抓住这一契机,将科普讲座作为普及五官领域健康科普知识的主要模式推向社区,以满足广大社区居民的需求,提高其整体健康素养,推进大目标的实现。     

酸碱失衡的简易判断及代偿公式的编制

目的　提出酸碱失衡的简易判断方法及代偿公式的编制。方法　选择动脉血气指标 PH、Pa CO2 和HCO3-三项指标 ,以 Pa CO2 × 0 .6和 HCO3-的正常低高值 2 1～ 2 7作为酸碱平衡共同中性区 ,并以 Pa CO2 和HCO3- 为对象 ,编制酸碱失衡预计代偿公式 ,为单纯、复杂酸硷失衡的判断提供依据。结果　对大量临床病例及国内文献病例采用改进后的方法判断酸碱失衡 ,证实判断准确。结论　改进后的方法可准确判断酸碱失衡 ,易于掌握。     

Usefulness of measuring electrically evoked auditory brainstem responses in children with inner ear malformations during cochlear implantation

Conclusions: EABR is a reliable and effective way of objectively confirming device function and implant-responsiveness of the peripheral auditory neurons up to the level of the brainstem in cases of inner ear malformation. Objective: To investigate the usefulness of measuring the intra-operative electrically evoked compound action potential (ECAP) and electrically evoked auditory brainstem response (EABR) in patients with and without congenital inner ear anomalies during cochlear implantation. Method: Thirty-eight consecutive children (40 ears) aged 5 or younger with congenital profound hearing loss. Twenty-four (25 ears) lacked congenital inner ear anomalies. The 14 patients (15 ears) with a malformation had common cavities (four ears), incomplete partition type I (three ears), cochlea hypoplasia type III (three ears), enlarged vestibular aqueduct (four ears), and cochlear nerve canal stenosis (one ear). Main outcome measures are ECAP and EABR responses. Results: Of the 25 ears lacking any malformation, 21, three, and one showed ‘Good’, ‘Variable’, and ‘No’ ECAP responses, respectively, and 24 and one showed ‘Good’ and ‘Variable’ intra-cochlear responses, respectively. Of the 15 ears with a malformation, two showed ‘Good’ ECAP responses, nine had ‘Variable’ ECAP responses, and four showed ‘No’ ECAP responses. Moreover, five showed ‘Good’ EABR responses and 10 showed ‘Variable’ EABR responses.     

Molecular Evolution of Peste des Petits Ruminants Virus

Despite safe and efficacious vaccines against peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV), this virus has emerged as the cause of a highly contagious disease with serious economic consequences for small ruminant agriculture across Asia, the Middle East, and Africa. We used complete and partial genome sequences of all 4 lineages of the virus to investigate evolutionary and epidemiologic dynamics of PPRV. A Bayesian phylogenetic analysis of all PPRV lineages mapped the time to most recent common ancestor and initial divergence of PPRV to a lineage III isolate at the beginning of 20th century. A phylogeographic approach estimated the probability for root location of an ancestral PPRV and individual lineages as being Nigeria for PPRV, Senegal for lineage I, Nigeria/Ghana for lineage II, Sudan for lineage III, and India for lineage IV. Substitution rates are critical parameters for understanding virus evolution because restrictions in genetic variation can lead to lower adaptability and pathogenicity.     

紫苏籽油对实验性牙槽骨骨质疏松的作用研究

目的：探讨紫苏籽油对去卵巢大鼠牙槽骨丢失的影响研究。方法：SD大鼠随机分为3组：对照组、去卵巢组和紫苏籽油治疗组。实验90d后取大鼠牙槽骨,测量牙槽骨组织形态计量学参数。结果：与去卵巢组相比：紫苏籽油治疗组牙槽骨骨量明显增多,%Tb.Ar升高34.47%（P〈0.05）,Tb.Th增加36.99%（P〈0.01）。结论：紫苏籽油能抑制去卵巢大鼠牙槽骨丢失。     

DNA single strand conformation polymorphism identifies five defined strains of hepatitis B virus (HBV) during an outbreak of HBV infection in an oncology unit

An outbreak of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in a children's oncology unit was identified in which 61 children were shown to have been infected, 59 of them asyptomatically. In order to establish whether intra-unit cross infection had occurred, we used the single strand conformational polymorphism (SSCP) technique to analyse viral isolates from 57 of the infected children and 40 unrelated controls. HBV-specific primers were designed to amplify a 189 bp fragment of DNA encompassing part of the hypervariable pre-S1 region of the HBV genome. Denatured PCR products were compared after electrophoresis through polyacrylamide gels and staining with silver. By SSCP analysis, the unrelated infections each yielded a unique electrophoretic banding pattern, indicative of a variety of distinct virus strains. In contrast, most of the oncology patients had been infected with one of only five different strains. Three major groups comprising 19, 16, and 9 patients, respectively, and two minor groups of 5 and 3 patients were identified. Results indicate the occurrence of multiple episodes of cross infection, and demonstrate the sensitivity and value of SSCP as a technique to establish common sources of infection. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Rank-ordered regulation of motor units

Myoelectric signals were detected from the tibialis anterior muscle of 5 subjects with a quadrifilar needle electrode while the subjects generated isometric forces that increased linearly with time (10% of maximal voluntary contraction/s) up to maximal voluntary level. Motor unit firing rates were studied as a function of force throughout the full range of muscle force output. The relationship between force and firing rate was found to contain three distinct regions. At recruitment and near maximal force levels, firing rates increased more rapidly with force than in the intermediate region. Furthermore, in the regions with rapid increases, the rate of change of firing rate was correlated to the recruitment threshold, with higher recruitment threshold motor units displaying greater rates of change. In the intermediate region, all motor units had similar rates of change of firing rate. A weak positive correlation was found between initial firing rate and recruitment threshold. Firing rates of motor units at any instant were found to be ordered according to the recruitment order: at any given time in the contraction motor units with lower recruitment thresholds had higher firing rates than units with higher recruitment thresholds. Firing rates of all motor units were observed to converge to the same value at maximal forces. Mechanisms underlying motor unit recruitment and firing rate modulation are discussed in the context of a conceptual model. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

新型冠状病毒感染核酸转阴后常见症的中医阐释

新型冠状病毒感染在中医上属于“疫病”,中国自古便有对疫病的记载。新型冠状病毒感染核酸转阴后,疫邪性质以湿为主,基本病机为正气未复,余邪未尽,主要病位在肺脾,本文将新型冠状病毒感染核酸转阴后常见症从生理到病理进行阐释,指导中医临床论治。