Heat and water vapour transfer of protective clothing systems in a cold environment,measured with a newly developed sweating thermal manikin

A moveable sweating thermal manikin has recently been developed. Thermal and water-vapour resistances of three kinds of cold-protective clothing ensembles, laminated with polytetrafluoroethylene, polyurethane and without a laminate were measured, with the aid of the manikin in a cold environment of 5°C with a relative humidity of 70% and an air velocity of around 1.5 m s^–1. Two sweating rates of 65 and 130 g m^–2 h^–1 were employed. Supplied heat fluxes in both of the sweat rates ranged from 350 W m^–2 to 400 W m^–2. To maintain a comfortable condition, the skin wettedness (w) (mean weighted value) had to be kept at 0.6. The measurements obtained from the manikin when testing the three ensembles were w=0.3 (approximately) for the low sweat rate and w0.6 for the high sweat rate, irrespective of the property differences among the ensembles. In addition, the condensation in the ensembles in comparison with those calculated from an analytical equation is discussed. Condensation mass fluxes in the ensembles obtained byexperiment and those from the calculation agreed sufficiently well. Thus, distribution of the condensation in the ensembles was estimated using the equation.     

Potentiation and inhibition of ultrasonic vocalization of rat pups: Regulation by social cues

Eight- and 11- to 12-day-old rat pups were tested in isolation and in the presence of an anesthetized adult under cold conditions. Pups of both ages reduced rates of ultrasonic vocalization (USV) when an adult was placed into the test cage, independent of whether the adult was their dam or an unrelated male. However, afer removal of the dam, pups greatly increased their rates of USV over their first isolation period and in comparison with control pups. USV rates remained low after removal of the male. The temperature challenges faced by the pups in the two experimental conditions were the same. These phenomena are better explained by a hypothesis that postulates USV rate as being multiply determined, including by social cues, rather than a theory that considers thermal challenge only. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 30: 195–200, 1997     

下肢外骨骼的新型足部机构舒适性优化

为减小在高负重的情况下穿戴下肢外骨骼时足部与地面接触产生的冲击,本文设计了一种用于提高足部舒适性的外骨骼足部机构,并对其影响舒适性的关键指标进行了优化。首先,本文基于步态周期的足底受力特点建立了足部机构物理模型,进而抽象出振动数学模型,并用有限元分析软件ANSYS仿真验证了模型的正确性。然后,本文基于振动数学模型分析了振动参数对绝对传递率的影响,并用数学计算软件MATLAB遗传算法工具箱优化振动参数。最后,本文以白噪声模拟路面高程作为振动输入,利用MATLAB中的可视化仿真工具Simulink并结合振动方程构建加速度仿真模型,进而计算足部的振动加权均方根加速度值。研究结果表明,该足部舒适性机构能够满足减振性与足底压力的舒适性指标。本文为外骨骼足部机构的设计提供了一套较为完整的设计方法,对于其他外骨骼的足部设计以及踝关节康复机构的设计具有借鉴意义。     

个性化鞋垫对步行足部感知及足功能的影响

目的 通过对主观舒适度和行走时足底压力的评测,整合主观感知和生物力学指标,探究个性化鞋垫对正常足型足部感知和足功能的影响。方法 招募16名具有正常足型的男性受试者,采用视觉模拟量表评价极简鞋和个性化鞋垫着鞋干预下主观舒适度指标的差异;通过单因素重复测量方差分析赤足、极简鞋、个性化鞋垫3种着鞋条件支撑期各阶段时间和足底压力的变化;通过多重线性回归筛选极简鞋和个性化鞋垫下影响着鞋总体舒适性的主要指标。结果 在足底压力测评上,着鞋行走的步态支撑期缓冲阶段高于赤足和极简鞋(P<0.05),个性化鞋垫的动态足弓指数(arch index, AI)大于极简鞋和赤足行走(P<0.05),极简鞋动态AI大于赤足(P<0.05),加入个性化鞋垫中足冲量占比高于赤足行走(P<0.05),着鞋时压力中心(center of pressure, COP)轨迹的平均斜率低于赤足(P<0.05),个性化鞋垫COP轨迹斜率低于极简鞋(P<0.05);在主观舒适度测评上,加入个性化鞋垫后鞋总体舒适性、后跟缓冲、前足缓冲、足弓支撑性、前足包裹和足部控制性高于极简鞋(P<0.05...     

舒适护理在经皮肾镜取石术患者中的应用

目的探讨舒适护理在经皮肾镜取石术患者中的应用。方法建立舒适护理模式,对经皮肾镜取石术患者可能存在的护理问题,不舒适因素进行主动查找,制定并落实相应的舒适护理内容。结果本组26例患者全部临床治愈出院,舒适感评分为92.3%,护理满意度达96.1%。结论舒适护理模式能较好地解决常规护理没有或是未能关注的护理细节问题,应成为我们开展优质护理的方向。     

基于JACK的驾驶姿势的下肢关节受力及舒适度分析

目的 研究驾驶姿势下外力施加给人体下肢时,关节角度及外力大小对关节力矩大小的影响特征;根据力矩计算单关节舒适度并验证。方法 采集人体测量参数,在Jack中建立了10名志愿者对应的个性化数字人模型。模拟人的驾驶姿势,计算下肢各关节处的力矩大小。结果 Jack计算出关节力矩与角度和外力的相关性明显,变化趋势与实测结果一致。舒适度评价方法反映出真实关节感受。结论 各关节力矩与踝关节角度呈负相关,与外力呈正相关;驾驶员的膝关节角度取108°到113°度为宜;对于髋关节和踝关节力矩,外力的影响最大;对于膝关节力矩,膝关节角度的影响最大;关节力矩受踝关节角度的影响最小,与之负相关;基于力矩的舒适度概念定量地反映出关节舒适感,可以为驾驶环境设计提供参考。     

Effect of intra-operative magnesium sulphate on pain relief and patient comfort after major lumbar orthopaedic surgery

The effects of intra-operative magnesium sulphate on pain relief after major lumbar surgery were investigated in 24 patients. Patients were randomly allocated to receive either an infusion of 50 mg x kg(-1) magnesium sulphate or an equivalent volume of saline at induction of anaesthesia. Anaesthesia was induced with propofol and remifentanil. Tracheal intubation was facilitated using rocuronium. Maintenance was achieved with remifentanil and sevoflurane in nitrous oxide/ oxygen. Intra-operative monitoring included standard equipment and neuromuscular transmission. During surgery, neuromuscular block recovery was longer in the magnesium group. Postoperative opioid consumption and pain scores were lower in the magnesium group. The first night's sleep and the global satisfaction scores were better in the magnesium group. The results of the study support magnesium sulphate as a useful adjuvant for postoperative analgesia after major lumbar surgery.     

Influence of incentive nursing intervention on recovery of burn patients after vacuum sealing drainage

To observe the effect of application of incentive nursing intervention (INI) on recovery in burn patients undergoing vacuum sealing drainage (VSD). From January 2017 to January 2020, a total of 82 consecutive burn patients were prospectively enrolled, and divided into INI group and routine nursing intervention (RNI) group according to random number table method. The causes of inadequate drainage were collected, the incidence was calculated, and the occurrence of inadequate drainage at different locations was compared. The pain degree and comfort status before and after the intervention were observed, and the wound healing time, hospital stay, and satisfaction after the intervention were recorded. The reasons for inadequate drainage during the treatment of VSD included negative pressure insufficient, drainage tube blockage because of escharosis, replacement of negative pressure internal sac not standard, loose sealing of the semi‐permeable membrane, and the negative pressure tube fell off, compressed or reflexed. The baseline characteristics between the two groups were comparable (P > .05). The incidence of each cause and total incidence of inadequate drainage in INI group were lower than those in RNI group (P < .05, respectively). The incidences of inadequate drainage of all burn sites in INI group were lower than those in RNI group, and the difference of limbs wound between the two group was statistically significant (P < .05). After intervention, the pain intensity of INI group was lower than that of RNI group (P < .05), and the holistic comfort of INI group was higher than that of RNI group (P < .05). The wound healing time and hospital stay time in INI group were lower than those in RNI group, and the total satisfaction rate in INI group was higher than that in RNI group (P < .05, respectively). Applying INI can effectively reduce the incidence of insufficient drainage, reduce pain, improve comfort, shorten wound healing time and hospital stay, and thus improve the overall satisfaction rate of patients, which is worthy of clinical promotion and application.     

Effects of a projector-based hybrid virtual reality on pain in young children with burn injuries during hydrotherapy sessions: A within-subject randomized crossover trial

AimThe aim of this study was to examine the effect of a water-friendly Projector-Based Hybrid Virtual Reality (VR) dome environment combined with standard pharmacological treatment on pain in young children undergoing burn wound care in hydrotherapy.MethodsThis study was a prospective, within-subject crossover trial of 38 children aged 6 months to 7 years old (mean age = 1.8 years old). Each hydrotherapy procedure was divided into two equivalent wound care segments (No hybrid VR during one segment vs. Hybrid VR during the other segment, treatment order was randomized). Pain was measured using the 0–10 FLACC (Face, Legs, Activity, Cry Consolability scale) and the 0–10 NRS-obs (Numerical Rating Scale-obs).ResultsProjector-Based Hybrid VR significantly reduced procedural pain levels measured by the FLACC (p = 0.026) and significantly increased patients' comfort levels (p = 0.002). Patients' pain levels rated by the nurses using the NRS-obs were non-significant between both groups (p = 0.135). No side effects were reported.ConclusionProjector-Based Hybrid VR helped in reducing the pain related to hydrotherapy procedures in young children with burn wound injuries. This is the first study using virtual reality distraction with young children, and our findings are especially important because a large percentage of pediatric burn patients are very young. Additional research and development are recommended.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02986464, registered on June 12, 2016.