脑转移瘤的X-刀立体定向放射治疗

目的 对比分析Ｘ－刀立体定向放射治疗（ＳＲＴ）联合全脑放疗与单纯ＳＲＴ对脑转移疗效及影响因素。方法 脑转移瘤患者６９例行ＳＲＴ加全及放疗３２例,单纯ＳＲＴ３７例,ＳＲＴ等中心剂量１４～２２Ｇｙ,全脑放疗３０～４０Ｇｙ／３．５～４．３ｗｋ。民单纯ＳＲＴ组比较,ＳＲＴ加全脑放辣其局部复发率低（３％ｖｓ３５％,Ｐ〈０．０５）和中位复发时间和９１０．５ｍｏ ｖｓ ４ｍｏ Ｐ〈０．０５）,但局部控制率（９４     

The extracellular versus intracellular mechanisms of inhibition of TCR-triggered activation in thymocytes by adenosine under conditions of inhibited adenosine deaminase

The absence or low levels of adenosine deaminase (ADA) in humans result in severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID), which is characterized by hypoplastic thymus, T lymphocyte depletion and autoimmunity. Deficiency of ADA causes increased levels of both intracellular and extracellular adenosine, although only the intracellular lymphotoxicity of accumulated adenosine is considered in the pathogenesis of ADA SCID. It is shown that extracellular but not intracellular adenosine selectively inhibits TCR-triggered up-regulation of activation markers and apoptotic events in thymocytes under conditions of ADA deficiency. The effects of intracellular adenosine are dissociated from effects of extracellular adenosine in experiments using an adenosine transporter blocker. We found that prevention of toxicity of intracellular adenosine led to survival of TCR-cross-linked thymocytes in long-term (4 days) assays, but it was not sufficient for normal T cell differentiation under conditions of inhibited ADA. Surviving TCR-cross-linked thymocytes had a non-activated phenotype due to extracellular adenosine-mediated, TCR-antagonizing signaling. Taken together the data suggest that both intracellular toxicity and signaling by extracellular adenosine may contribute to pathogenesis of ADA SCID. Accordingly, extracellular adenosine may act on thymocytes, which survived intracellular toxicity of adenosine during ADA deficiency by counteracting TCR signaling. This, in turn, could lead to failure of positive and negative selection of thymocytes, and to additional elimination of thymocytes or autoimmunity of surviving T cells.     

噪声、振动复合因素对汉语语音清晰度影响的研究

目的 探讨噪声、振动复事因素下生成语音在听觉效果上的变化及变化规律。方法 在安静及信噪比分别为０ｄＢ和－６ｄＢ三种状态下进行清晰度测试,以研究噪声、振动复合因素组、单独噪声组、单独振动组及对照组４个组的语音材料清晰度变化规律。结果 和对照组相比,复合因素作用下语音清晰度有明显降低,检验结果非常显著;和单因素相比,多数情况下有显著性变化。研究还发现,清晰度的降低随听音环境的信噪比的降低而变得严重,当     

氟硒联合作用对大鼠精子及睾丸形态学影响的研究

目的探讨氟硒及其联合作用对大鼠精子及睾丸形态学的影响。方法采用饮水加硒（３ｍｇ／Ｌ）和食物摄氟（５０ｍｇ／ｋｇ）的方法。结果加氟可使大鼠精子总数减少、存活率降低及睾丸生精过程受到轻度抑制,曲细精管管径变小等病理形态学改变。当硒氟共同作用时,上述变化均有不同程度的减轻。结论此剂量条件下的硒可拮抗慢性氟中毒所引起的生殖系统的变化。     

252例儿童哮喘的门诊治疗和管理

目的为探讨儿童哮喘得到长期缓解有效方法。方法我们开展前瞻性的对２５２例哮喘儿童进行了门诊治疗与管理和家庭治疗与自我管理相结合地研究,强调长期规范治疗,并对部分患儿进行了缓解期肺功能的测定,以此评价疗效。结果经半年～１年随访,系统管理治疗规范组哮喘缓解率明显高于间歇规范组及不规范组（Ｐ＜０００１）。缓解期肺功能测定也表明规范组肺功能基本正常率明显高于其他两组（Ｐ＜００５）。结论儿童哮喘要得到长期缓解及根本控制,必须要有系统的门诊治疗管理和家庭治疗与自我管理相结合。     

中西医结合治疗恶性肿瘤化疗后白细胞减少症40例临床观察

目的临床观察中西医结合治疗恶性肿瘤化疗后白细胞减少症的治疗效果;方法78例恶性肿瘤病人随机分为中西医结合治疗组(简称治疗组)40例,单纯西药治疗组(简称对照组)38例。治疗7天为1个疗程,两组病人均服药2个疗程;结果治疗组总有效率为92.50％,对照组总有效率为76．28％,治疗组白细胞恢复时间,临床症状改善程度等方面明显优于对照组(P<0．05);结论提示中西医结合治疗能有效减轻化疗对骨髓造血功能的抑制,升高白细胞作用显。     

多巴酚丁胺与复方丹参注射液联用治疗肺心病心衰32例

目的　观察多巴酚丁胺与复方丹参注射液联合应用治疗肺心病心衰的疗效; 方法　在综合治疗的基础上,将多巴酚丁胺２０ｍｇ 加入１０％ 的葡萄糖２５０ｍｌ 中静滴, 复方丹参注射液１６ｍｌ 加入１０％ 的葡萄糖２５０ｍｌ 中静滴,每日一次,７ 日为一疗程,所获数据经卡方检验; 结果　治疗组显效２１ 例,有效８ 例,总有效率９０．６ ％（ Ｘ２ ＝９ ．３６,Ｐ＜０ ．０５）,与对照组比较,有显著性差异; 结论　改善肺微循环,提高心肌收缩力,减轻心脏负荷有助于肺心病心衰的纠正。     

Strategies in the treatment of diffuse pontine gliomas: the therapeutic role of hyperfractionated radiotherapy and chemotherapy

This article will review the current treatment of pediatric patients with diffuse pontine gliomas (DPG) and discuss three potential avenues of therapeutic research including (i) radiotherapy (RT) in combination with radiation sensitizers, (ii) dose-intensive, induction chemotherapy with hematopoietic support followed in sequence with RT applied as a consolidation therapy, and (iii) the interleafed application of phase-specific chemotherapeutic agents and hyperfractionated external beam radiotherapy (HFEBRT) referred to as chemoradiotherapy.     

A systems approach to cancer therapy

Conclusion The molecules described herein as antiangiogenic agents and antimetastatic agents represent a wide variety of molecular structures with a wide variety of biological effects and targets. Most often these agents have been generally classified as antiangiogenic or antimetastatic by their effects in an in vitro bio-assay system. The diversity in this group of molecules gives strength to the potential of this approach in therapeutic applications. The biological and biochemical pathways involved in angiogenesis are numerous and redundant. It is likely that there are many angiogenic factors and many pathways of invasion, therefore it is likely that blockade of more than one pathway related to angiogenesis and/or invasion will be necessary to impact on the natural progress of a malignant disease.The vasculature forms the first barrier to penetration of molecules into tumors. Although the antiangiogenic agent treatments administered in this study did not inhibit angiogenesis in these tumors completely, the vasculature present in the treated tumors may be impaired compared to control tumors. Overall, therefore, the best speculation is that the main targets for the antiangiogenic agents are extracellular matrix processes and/or tumor endothelial cells and that inhibition and/or impairment of these non-malignant functions can improve therapeutic responses when used in combination with cytotoxic therapies. The incorporation of antiangiogenic agents and/or antimetastatic agents into therapeutic regimens represents an important challenge. The successful treatment of cancer requires the eradication of all malignant cells and therefore treatment with cytotoxic therapies. The compatibility of antiangiogenic therapy and/or anti-invasion agents with cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agents is not obvious [316].The goal of the addition of any non-cytotoxic potentiator to a therapeutic regimen is to take a good therapy and, without additional toxicity, push it to cure.Cyclophosphamide is a good drug against the Lewis lung carcinoma although no long-term survivors of animals bearing Lewis lung carcinoma are achieved with cyclophosphamide treatment alone. Adding antiangiogenic agents to treatment of this tumor with cyclophosphamide produced a cure rate of 40–50%, meaning that both the primary and metastatic disease has been eradicated in these animals. Cures were achieved only when the antiangiogenic treatments extended from days 4–18 post Lewis lung tumor implantation. The results obtained with the addition of antiangiogenic agents to cytotoxic anticancer therapies in in vivo models of established solid tumors have been very positive and provide direction for future clinical trials including these antiangiogenic agents. Two conclusions may be drawn. First, combinations of antiangiogenic and/or antimetastatic agents evoke a greater effect on tumor response to therapy than does treatment with single agents of these classes. Second, treatment with antiangiogenic agents and/or antimetastatic agents can interact in a positive way with cytotoxic therapies.     

Gastrostomy and oesophagoplasty with a flap from the greater curvature of the stomach as stages of surgical and combined treatment of cancer of the thoracic oesophagus

Four-hundred fifty-eight patients with cancer of the oesophagus were subjected to revisional laparotomy. Metastases into subphrenic lymph nodes were registered in 24% of the cases with a tumor in the bronchial segment; 42% with tumor in the subbronchial segment; 48% with tumor in the retropericardial segment; 71% with tumors in the sub-, intra-, and supraphrenic segments of the oesophagus. In 345 cases, laparotomy was followed by tube gastrostomy (Beck—Carrel method) with two operative deaths. Fifty-six patients in good condition with a small tumor in the middle part of the oesophagus (≤5 cm) without any abdominal metastases were subjected to primary oesophagoplasty: a 30–32-cm tube was formed out of the greater curvature of the stomach and placed retrosternally; gastrostomy was performed on the level of the thyroid cartilage (without any operative deaths). In two weeks, extirpation of the thoracic part of the oesophagus (with preoperative irradiation) was performed on patients with no abdominal metastases. Then the patients with primary oesophagoplasty were subjected to oesophago-gastrostomy of the neck. From six to 12 months following the combined treatment, the gastrostomy tube of 45 patients was lengthened to 30–32 cm and used for retrosternal oesophagoplasty (six operative deaths). Oesophagoplasty was performed on 14 patients during the extirpation of the oesophagus (six operative deaths).