成人正常鞍区脑膜的MRI

目的：评价成人正常鞍区脑膜的MRI表现。方法：选择因突发听力丧失，或因健康体检而行头颅MRI平扫和增强检查者共29例，分别观察记录这29例的正中矢状面图像中平扫T1WI、T2WI和增强T1WI硬脑膜的显示情况。结果：MRI平扫T1WI在鞍底下后方见到硬脑膜者5例(17．24％)、T2W1仅7例(24．14％)在鞍隔显示硬脑膜，增强后硬脑膜分别于筛板处显示3例(10．34％)，蝶骨面见到8例(27．59％)，交叉沟与鞍结节25例(86．21％)，鞍隔25例(86．21％)，鞍底29例(100％)。结论：本研究显示了成人正常鞍区脑膜的MRI表现，这在对鞍区病变的诊断中，具有重要的参考价值。     

Spontaneous closure of ventricular septal defects followed up from <3 months of age

BACKGROUND: This study evaluates the incidence and timing of spontaneous closure (SC) of ventricular septal defect (VSD) using Doppler color flow mapping. METHODS: A total of 225 infants (mean age 30 days) were diagnosed with uncomplicated VSD: 31 (14%) subpulmonary VSD, 159 (70%) perimembranous, and 35 (16%) muscular. The patients were divided into two groups according to the presence or absence of congestive heart failure (CHF). SC was confirmed with color Doppler. RESULTS: Surgical closure was performed in 59 patients (26%). SC occurred in 107 patients (48%); three (10%) of 31 with subpulmonary VSD, 75 (47%) of 159 with perimembranous VSD, and 29 (83%) of 35 with a muscular VSD. Average age at SC was 19 months. In three SC patients with a subpulmonary VSD, there was no aortic valve prolapse and no aortic regurgitation. SC occurred in 96% of SC patients with a perimembranous VSD by the age of 6 years, and in 93% of those with a muscular VSD by the age of 3 years. In patients without CHF, the rate of SC was 72%; 23% in subpulmonary VSD, 74% in perimembranous, and 85% in muscular. SC occurred in only 23% of patients with a perimembranous VSD with CHF. Mean age at the final examination was 6.9 years in 59 patients with a VSD remaining open, and 63% of patients with a perimembranous VSD remaining open had an aneurysm of the ventricular membranous septum. CONCLUSIONS: The SC rate of VSD by mean age of 6.9 years was 48%, but it was 72% in patients without CHF. In patients with CHF, SC was seen only in patients with a perimembranous VSD. The rate of SC was 10% in subpulmonary VSD. The authors contend that SC probably occurred by growth of muscular septum surrounding VSD. Muscular VSD spontaneously closed earlier than perimembranous VSD.     

经颅多普勒探测深度与儿童头围的相关性研究

目的　研究经颅多普勒 (TCD)探测深度与儿童头围的相关性。方法　采用TCD对 5 88名健康儿童进行检测 ,同时测量头围 ,并观察两者间相关性。结果　各血管TCD探测深度均值与不同年龄组有显著差异 (P<0 .0 1) ,随头围增加而变。结论　各血管TCD探测深度均值与各年龄组儿童头围均值比较具有相关性和规律性 ,可供临床参考     

MR imaging of the neonatal brain at 3 Tesla

3 Telsa MR scanners are now becoming more widely available and 3 Telsa is likely to become the filed strength of choice for clinical imaging of the brain. The neonatal brain can be safely and successfully imaged at 3 Telsa. The improved signal to noise afforded by a higher field strength may be used to improve image quality or shorten acquisition times. This may be exploited for conventional T1 and T2 weighted imaging and also for advanced techniques such as diffusion tensor imaging, angiography and functional magnetic resonance studies.     

Application of Multislice Spiral CT for Guidance of Insertion of Thoracic Spine Pedicle Screws： An in vitro study

The pedicle screws and the technology of insertion be- came one of the most important methods for the treat- ment of the spine diseases. In clinical practice, pedicle screws might be misplaced and cause severe complica- tions. The purpose of this study was to obtain the data by three-dimensional reconstruction of multi-slice spiral CT (MSCT) to guide the placement of pedicle screws. 1 MATERIALS AND METHODS 1.1 Materials Two embalmed human cadaveric thoracic pedicle spines (T1-T10) w…     

成人肺结核不典型影像学表现分析

目的研究成人肺结核不典型的影像学表现,探讨诊断中存在的问题。方法回顾性研究分析了32例成人肺结核的X线、CT表现,其中6例做CT增强扫描,8例做纤维支气管镜检查,全部经临床或病理确诊。结果肿块型8例,表现为叶、段实变型6例,粟粒结节型5例,支气管内膜结核6例,空洞型4例,下叶结核3例。共误诊14例,其中误诊为肺癌7例,误诊为肺炎6例,1例误诊为转移癌。结论肺结核的发病出现上升趋势,发病率升高,老年结核增多,X线、CT表现各有特点,检查要全面,切勿单纯依赖一种检查,要密切结合临床,才能减少误诊。     

利用Berthelot颜色法测定发酵液中铵离子的干扰排除

在利用Berthelot反应测定微生物发酵中铵离子浓度时,培养液中的亚硫酸钠严重干扰了测定结果。预先加入适量的次氯酸钠溶液处理样品能有效地排除这一干扰。对次氯酸钠的加入量、处理时间和待测样品的pH进行优化,结果表明:当次氯酸钠与亚硫酸钠的摩尔比为2∶1、处理时间>1 m in、样品处理前调pH<9.0时,测得发酵液中铵离子浓度,经离子色谱法对照测试验证.最大相对误差为2.3%,达到了理想的效果。     

机动车驾驶员视觉功能与道路交通安全

现行的交通法规对驾驶员的视觉功能有特殊要求,但其标准有待规范。本文对关系到安全驾驶的视觉功能如视力、视野、立体视觉、色觉、视觉适应等因素从原理、流行病学调查以及一些相关措施方面加以讨论。最后指出,我们对汽车驾驶员的视觉功能要求应该做进一步的划分达到有针对性地约束其驾驶行为。     

彩色多普勒超声在诊断结节性甲状腺肿的应用价值

目的:探讨高频超声声像图和彩色多普勒血流图对结节性甲状腺肿的诊断价值.方法:对31例甲状腺肿的结节进行仔细观察,评价二维图象和彩色多普勒血流图的表现.结果:超声诊断与病理诊断的符合率为68%,实质性及囊实性结节性甲状腺肿的结节表现无包膜或包膜不完整,周边无明显的晕环.结节内部及周边血供不丰富,边缘无环形血流,呈星点状或结节间穿行血流,彩色多普勒能量图,在结节血流显示上优于彩色多普勒血流图.结论:应用彩色多普勒超声对结节性甲状腺肿能够提供重要的血流信息,有助于结节性甲状腺肿的诊断及鉴别诊断,对提高超声诊断正确率有重要意义.     

MRI对先天性肛门直肠畸形的诊断价值

目的探讨MR I对先天性肛门直肠畸形手术前后的诊断价值。方法对5例正常对照组,14例先天性肛门直肠畸形病例均行盆腔、骶尾部MR检查。观察肛门内、外括约肌、耻骨直肠肌形态,肛门直肠本身发育缺陷以及骶椎、泌尿生殖系统等畸形。结果本组MR显示耻骨直肠肌、括约肌群发育好13例,发育较好3例,发育差3例,T1W I不抑脂序列为显示肛周肌群较好的序列。7例合并骶尾椎畸形,5例合并泌尿系统畸形。结论MR I对先天性肛门直肠畸形具有重要诊断价值,可从形态上了解盆底肌的发育,并能明确骶骨、椎管、泌尿系统等畸形,在确定手术方式及评价手术疗效方面具有重要意义。