经直肠超声诊断前列腺增生的价值

目的 :探讨经直肠彩色多普勒超声对前列腺增生的诊断价值。方法 :应用经直肠彩色多普勒超声检测 38例前列腺增生患者 ,计算体积、重量 ,按重量分五组 :≤ 2 0 g,2 0 g～ 2 5 g,2 6 g～ 5 0 g,5 1g～ 75 g,≥ 76 g,并测定分析血流动力学参数。结果 :前列腺增生患者前列腺内腺增大回声不均匀 ,可合并内外腺之间弧形小结石和内腺小囊肿 ,可有增生结节 ,腺体内血流信号增加 ,组内、组间收缩期峰值血流速度 (Vs)、阻力指数 (RI)均有统计学差异 (P<0 .0 5 ) ,并与重量呈正相关。结论 :经直肠彩色多普勒超声是目前临床上前列腺最佳检查方法之一 ,有助于临床对前列腺增生的准确诊断。     

"察同"与"察异"--对"肝肾同源"理论的评价

从“察同”、“察异”的东西方科学认识事物的不同取向入手,对“肝肾同源”理论进行较为全面的评价。“肝肾同源”理论追求对事物的共性认识,对指导“肝肾同治”具有积极的意义,但其“察异”的不足也带来忽视肝、肾个性的弊端,尤其是“肝”之个性的忽视。     

中药与日本汉方药原植物的差异比较及原因分析

依据 2000年版《中国药典》和第十四改《正日本药局方》收载植物类生药品种 ,列表比较了中药与日本汉方药原植物的差异 ,并对产生差异的现象和原因进行了分析和探讨。     

Responsiveness and minimal clinically important difference of the Chinese version of the Low Vision Quality of Life Questionnaire after cataract surgery

AIM: To investigate the Chinese version of the Low Vision Quality of Life Questionnaire (CLVQOL) as an instrument for obtaining clinically important changes after cataract surgery. METHODS: Patients underwent cataract surgery in Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, who fit the inclusion criteria were recruited. Two CLVQOLs were administered, including a preoperative CLVQOL and a CLVQOL at the end of the 3mo follow-up period, and were completed using face-to-face interviews or phone interviews conducted by trained investigators. The minimal clinically important difference (MCID) was calculated using an anchor-based method and a distribution method. In addition, the responsiveness of the questionnaire was measured. RESULTS: A total of 155 residents were enrolled. The average visual acuity (VA) preoperatively was 0.08 (SD=0.05), and it increased to 0.47 (SD=0.28) at the end of follow-up. Statistically significant positive changes in the CLVQOL scores indicated significant improvement of vision related quality of life after cataract surgery. With the larger value between the two results as the final value, the MCID values of the CLVQOL (scores of the four scales as well as the total score) were 8.94, 2.61, 4.34, 3.10 and 17.63, respectively. The CLVQOL has both good internal and external responsiveness. CONCLUSION: CLVQOL scores are appropriate instruments for obtaining clinically important changes after cataract surgery. This study is an effective exploration for establishing cataract surgery efficacy standards, which helps clinical and scientific research workers in ophthalmology to gain a more in-depth understanding when using CLVQOL.     

原发性干燥综合征合并肺动脉高压的临床研究

目的探讨原发性干燥综合征(pSS)并发肺动脉高压(PAH)的发生率、临床特点及筛查方法。方法对61例临床确诊为pSS的患者行彩色多普勒超声心动检查,应用三尖瓣反流速度来估测肺动脉收缩压(PASP),依据PAH诊断标准将其分为PAH组(10例)和非PAH组(51例),收集2组的临床资料、实验室检查、胸CT扫描和超声心动的检测结果并进行比较。结果 (1)61例pSS患者中并发PAH者占16.4%,PAH组中PASP为31~64mmHg,平均(40±9)mmHg,其中4例无任何与PAH相关的临床表现,PAH的发生与患者年龄、性别、病程无关。(2)患者的主要症状为发热、干咳、胸闷或胸痛、心悸、进行性呼吸困难、雷诺现象、胸腔积液和肺间质病变,PAH组雷诺现象、心悸、肺间质病变的发生率高于非PAH组(P<0.05),PAH组的补体C3水平低于非PAH组(P<0.05)。(3)PAH组瓣膜受累达100%,其中2例仅伴有右心系统扩大,3例同时出现左心和右心系统扩大,PAH组左房内径、右房内径、右室内径、肺动脉内径高于非PAH组(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论 pSS并发PAH并不少见,患者即使无相应临床症状,也应行超声心动筛查,这对PAH的临床早期诊断和治疗十分重要。     

彩色多普勒用于足月新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病颅内静脉系统检查

目的 观察缺氧缺血新生儿的颅内静脉系统的血流特点,为临床判定缺氧缺血性脑病提供新的参考依据.方法 实验组缺氧缺血新生儿52例,对照组正常足月新生儿52例,通过前囟门应用彩色多普勒观察颅内静脉系统中直窦(SS)、上矢状窦(sss)、双侧横窦(Ts)、双侧室管膜下静脉(SV)及双侧大脑内静脉(ICV)的最大平均血流速度及频谱形态.结果 与对照组相比较,实验组SSS、双侧ICV及双侧SV平均最大血流速度减低.对照组SSS频谱为搏动型,双侧ICV及双侧SV频谱为连续平坦型.实验组SSS的频谱形态可见连续平坦型,SS及双侧TS的频谱形态存在搏动型及连续平坦型.颅内双侧ICV及双侧SV的频谱为连续乎坦型.结论 颅内静脉系统中,SSS、双侧ICV及双侧SV为提示缺氧缺血性脑病的合适观察对象.     

Measuring distortion of skeletal elements in Lodox Statscan‐generated images

Due to a scarcity of available skeletal material, anthropologists and other practitioners face difficulties with either the creation or validation of techniques used to estimate a biological profile in subadults. To address this problem, radiographic images of living individuals are often used in lieu of dry skeletal elements. However, radiographic images suffer from distortion. Some problems with metric analyses when using radiographic images may be addressed with the Lodox Statscan, an X‐ray machine that claims to produce minimal distortion along the scan‐axis due to a linear slot‐scanning design. The purpose of this research was to measure the distortion of skeletal elements in radiographic images generated from a Lodox Statscan. Skeletal elements subject to multiple imaging variables that affect distortion were radiographed, measured, and then compared to the dry bone measurements through multiple approaches. An 85% percent agreement within a ±1 mm range and a 97% agreement within a ±2 mm range was obtained. Percent difference results demonstrate that slot‐axis measurements incurred more distortion than scan‐axis measurements (11.8% and 2.7%, respectively). Inclusion of foam results in 4.5% more error than when foam is not included in the image. Angled scan‐axis measurements also incurred more distortion than either nonangled slot‐ and scan‐axis measurements. A Bland‐Altmanplot reveals an overall agreement between the radiographic and dry bonemeasurements, with most measurements falling within the upper and lower limits. Similar measurement error is found in Statscan radiographic and dry bone measurements; therefore, the Statscan offers a radiographic venue to collect metric data. Clin. Anat. 26:780–786, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.