Accumulation of toxic metals (Pb and Cd) in the sea urchin Diadema aff. antillarum Philippi, 1845, in an oceanic island (Tenerife,Canary Islands)

This document shows the results obtained from a study on the concentration of toxic heavy metals in the internal tissue and exoskeleton of sea urchins, collected from their natural habitat. The levels of lead and cadmium were measured by Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. The mean concentrations of lead and cadmium in the internal tissue were 304.04 and 260.54 μg/kg respectively, whereas in the shell they were 185.02 and 142.48 μg/kg. We also performed a statistical analysis of the differences in the distribution of metals between their exoskeleton and their internal content, a correlation study of the metal content in internal tissue and shell and sampling areas, and a correlation study between the metal content and sample size. Since the sea urchin Diadema antillarum presents a wide range of variation in metal content, this study suggests that this species is an excellent bioindicator of heavy metal contamination. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol, 2010.     

原发性高尿酸血症肾病的中西医治疗探讨

既往认为高尿酸血症肾病是西方国家的一种常见病,在中国少见。近年来,由于经济情况好转,饮食结构的变化,蛋白质及富含嘌呤成分的食物摄入量增加,中国发病率有增高的趋势。因此文章旨在通过探讨原发性高尿酸血症肾病的诊断及其中西医治疗方法,希望能够对临床及时正确的诊断和恰当周全的治疗该病提供一定的指导。     

Culturable and nonculturable bacterial symbionts in the toxic benthic dinoflagellate Ostreopsis lenticularis.

The toxic benthic dinoflagellate Ostreopsis lenticularis hosts a variety of symbiont bacterial flora. Laboratory cultured Ostreopsis clones require the presence of symbiotic Pseudomonas/Alteromonas bacterial strains for growth and toxicity development. Three culturable bacterial strains associated with Ostreopsis were identified as Pseudomonas/Alteromonas strain 1, Pseudomonas/Alteromonas strain 2 and Acinetobacter. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analyses of extracted Ostreopsis associated bacterial DNAs indicated that there were three culturable and four non-culturable associated bacterial strains. The results presented here are the first report of the presence of unculturable bacterial symbionts in a toxic benthic dinoflagellate. Ostreopsis lost toxicity when exposed to elevated temperatures in the field and laboratory culture and subsequently recovered toxicity at reduced temperatures. Ostreopsis associated culturable Pseudomonas/Alteromonas bacterial strains were significantly reduced in dinoflagellate cultures exposed to elevated temperatures. The decreased toxicity of O. lenticularis exposed to elevated temperatures and their subsequent recovery of toxicity in periods of reduced thermal stress may have resulted from the effects of elevated temperature on the spectrum of culturable and unculturable bacterial species interacting with their Ostreopsis host.     

中西医结合医院单病种的质量管理及其作用

针对中西医结合医院单病种质量评定没有现成的、规范的标准的现状,就中西医结合单病种的质量管理方法及其在中西医结合医院建设中的作用进行了论述。     

To market! To market! A new dawn for community care?

The public sector in Britain has been subjected to over a decade of major reform aimed at breaking up public service monopolies, at containing costs while at the same time opening services up to greater consumer choice. Health and social services have not been exempt from this revolution in the organization and management of public sector services. The long-standing policy of care in the community is being subjected to market principles and the introduction of a ‘contract culture’ very similar to the NHS reforms introduced in 1991. This paper reviews the origins of these developments in the doctrines of ‘new public management’, a movement which has proved attractive to policy-makers in many countries. Local authority social services departments have been identified as the lead agency for the development of a mixed economy of care following a review of community care policy by the government's health adviser, Sir Roy Griffiths, and a subsequent white paper. This paper examines the limited empirical evidence available on how managers and providers are meeting the challenge bestowed upon them, and concludes that most authorities are moving ahead cautiously if at all. Only a handful of authorities studied have embraced the reforms with any degree of enthusiasm. The paper concludes with an assessment of the reforms from two perspectives: a pessimistic one and an optimistic one. There are many worrying features of the reforms, not least among these being a lack of clarity over their intended purpose. Tensions and contradictions are plentiful, which places in jeopardy the certainty of the reforms in becoming user led rather than provider driven. A more optimistic scenario is that the changes are leading to a loosening up of services and practices which have often suffered from sclerotic tendencies, paternalism and sometimes complacency. If the reform process is skilfully handled and not rushed and if the ends are clearly established and communicated then users and carers could prove to be the principal beneficiaries.     

Health policy, epidemiology and power: the interest web

The relation between epidemiological research results and policy-making is reviewed. Apparently, traditional models of policy-making(incrementalism, mixed scanning synoptic planning) do not explainwhy research findings are hardly used in policy-making procedures. It is suggested that this phenomenon is related to three determinantsof policy-making: (i) a bias stemming from sets of causal, finaland normative assumptions and presuppositions; (ii) interestwebs of groups in certain domains; and (iii) the power of organizationsto monitor and communicate. The conclusion is that epidemiologistsshould engage in the policy-making process more consciouslyand conscientiously.     

固体硅胶隆鼻术后感染排异的原因与预防探讨

感染及排异是固体硅胶隆鼻术较为严重的并发症。其发生原因主要在于手术适应证掌握不当；硅胶假体的质量不过关，假体的修雕成形不佳，假体消毒处理不严；手术操作及术后处理欠妥等。提出了加强术前体检及适应证的掌握，选择质量过关的硅胶假体，努力提高术者的审美及专业技术水平，设计修雕成形出恰当的假体，并注意规范假体的消毒处理，这都可有效减少感染及排异并发症的发生。强调手术操作时尽量减少局部组织的损伤，勿剥破鼻部的皮肤及粘膜，并做好术后的处理及护理，这同样也是减少感染排异并发症的关键。     

吸附澄清法在中药水提液澄清中的应用研究

采用吸附澄清法使中药水提液澄清,从工艺稳定性,成分分析,药效学实验及效益分析四方面分析了两种工艺,吸附澄清法同水提醇沉法相比,能更有效地保留中药总固体物含量及有效成分,提高制剂成品的内在质量;成品稳定性好;成本低;生产周期短;劳动强度低,可望产生良好的社会经济效益。     

日本血吸虫成虫31/32KD抗原的纯化及其免疫化学特性

本文采用超凝胶柱层析法分离纯化日本血吸虫成虫31/32KD抗原。分离的抗原经银染色及免疫印迹法分析证明已达免疫纯及生化纯级。该抗原PAS染色呈阴性,经过碘酸钠处理后不失去活性,在琼脂糖凝胶电泳中趋向阳极。鉴于血吸虫成虫31/32KD组分是一种主要血清学抗原,它的分离纯化为改进和标化血吸虫病的诊断提供了条件。