Various Surfaces Benefited Functional Outcomes and Fall Incidence in Individuals With Spinal Cord Injury: A Randomized Controlled Trial With Prospective Data Follow-up

ObjectivesTo compare effects of walking training on a walking track with different surfaces (WTDS), including artificial grass, soft, and pebbles, as compared to overground walking training on the functional ability necessary for independence and incidence of falls of ambulatory individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI).DesignA randomized controlled trial (single-blinded design) with 6-month prospective fall data follow-up.SettingTertiary rehabilitation centers and several communities.ParticipantsIndependent ambulatory individuals (N=54) with SCI who walked with or without a walking device.InterventionParticipants were randomly arranged into a control group (overground walking training, n=26) or experimental group (walking training over a WTDS, n=28) for 30 min/d, 5 d/wk over 4 weeks.Main Outcome MeasuresThe 10-m walk test, timed Up and Go test, five times sit-to-stand test, and 6-minute walk test were repeatedly measured 4 times, including before training, and after 2 and 4 weeks, and 6 months. In addition, participants were prospectively monitored for the fall data over 6 months.ResultsParticipants who walked with an average speed of 0.52 m/s and postinjury time >7 years could safely walk over a WTDS. They demonstrated significant improvement at 2 and 4 weeks after experimental training (P<.001), but not after control training. During the 6-month follow-up, participants in the experimental group also had the number of those who fell (n=5, 18%) fewer than those in the control group (n=12, 46%).ConclusionsBeing at a chronic SCI with ability of independent walking, participants needed a challenging task to promote their functional outcomes and minimize fall risk. The findings suggest the use of various surfaces as an alternative rehabilitation strategy for these individuals.     

Reproducibility and Convergent Validity of the Sitting-Rising Test in People With Multiple Sclerosis

ObjectiveTo evaluate the test-retest reproducibility and convergent validity of the sitting-rising test (SRT) in people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS).DesignObservational study comprising a test-retest design.SettingMultiple Sclerosis Center, Rehabilitation Hospital at Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel.ParticipantsA total of 50 PwMS (32 women, 18 men, N=50), mean age 44.8±7.6 years and mean disease duration of 13.8±8.5 years since diagnosis, were enrolled in the study. The median Expanded Disability Status Scale score was 4.5, indicating a mild-moderate neurologic disability.InterventionsNot applicable.Main Outcome MeasuresSRT, posturography measures, 10-repetion sit-to-stand test (10STS), timed Up and Go (TUG) test, hand grip strength, strength of hip flexion/extension/abduction, knee flexion/extension, and Fall Status Questionnaire.ResultsThe intraclass correlation coefficient value for the intrarater test-retest reproducibility (7- to 10-day interval between tests) of the SRT test, was 0.931 (95% confidence interval, 0.796-0.977). Strong correlations were found between the SRT, TUG test (ρ=−0.709), and 10STS (ρ=−0.719), and moderate correlations were found between the SRT and postural control measures (ρ∼0.4). Moderate correlations were found between the SRT and the hip and knee strength (combined) of the weaker limb (ρ=0.344). No differences were found in the SRT score between fallers and nonfallers.ConclusionsThe current study supports the convergent validity and test-retest reproducibility of the SRT in PwMS.     

磁共振弥散加权成像结合三维乳腺数字化断层摄影钙化分数在乳腺良恶性钙化病变鉴别中的诊断价值

目的  评估磁共振弥散加权成像（DWI）结合三维乳腺数字化断层摄影（DBT）钙化分数对于钙化征象在乳腺良恶性病变诊断的应用价值。方法  回顾性分析我院118例行乳腺DWI检查和DBT检查的患者,DBT检查发现有钙化征象,其中乳腺癌患者51例,病理类型包括：浸润性导管癌、浸润性导管癌、导管原位癌、髓样癌、浸润性小叶癌、黏液腺癌;乳腺良性病变67例,病理类型包括：纤维腺瘤、腺病、导管内乳头状瘤。对所有患者DBT图像的钙化征象进行钙化评分并且测量相应病变区域的表观扩散系数（ADC）值,分析ADC值、钙化分数及二者联合在乳腺含钙化病变的诊断效能。结果  乳腺癌组ADC值低于乳腺良性病变组,差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）;钙化分数高于良性病变组,差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。ADC值对诊断乳腺良恶性病变的曲线下面积（AUC）为0.853,钙化分数对诊断乳腺良恶性病变的AUC值为0.855,采用Delong检验得出两种方法对诊断乳腺含钙化病变的良恶性诊断效能一致,差异无统计学意义（P=0.625）。两种方法（钙化分数+ADC值）的Logistic回归分析显示,两种方法相结合的AUC值为0.903,具有很高的诊断效能。将ROC曲线（钙化分数、ADC值、两种方法结合的预测概率）经两两Delong检验结果显示,两种方法结合的ROC与单一ROC的差异有统计学意义（P=0.041、0.022）。结论  DWI与DBT钙化分数对于钙化征象在乳腺良恶性病变的鉴别诊断效能无差别,两种方法相结合的诊断效能显著高于单一方法,为乳腺含钙化病灶的诊断与鉴别诊断中提供了更加可靠的依据。     

磁共振动态对比增强扫描定量参数与原发性肝癌患者病理特征及缺氧诱导因子-1α水平的关系

目的  探讨磁共振动态对比增强扫描（DCE-MRI）定量参数与原发性肝癌患者病理特征及缺氧诱导因子-1α（HIF-1α）水平的关系。方法  选取2019年1月~2020年12月收治的94例原发性肝癌患者作为研究对象,并选取同期收治的40例肝脏良性结节患者作为对照组。所有受试者均进行DCE-MRI检查,评估两组微血管密度（MVD）、血管内至血管外细胞间隙的转运系数（K^trans）、血管外细胞外间隙转运至血管内的速率常数（K^ep）、血管外细胞外间隙体积百分比（V_e）及HIF-1α。分析肝癌患者中不同肿瘤分期、不同分化程度、是否有转移、不同HIF-1α水平者DCE-MRI定量参数的差异。结果  肝癌患者MVD、K^trans、K^ep、V_e及HIF-1α水平均高于对照组（P < 0.05）;肝癌患者Ⅲ/Ⅳ期者MVD、K^trans、K^ep、V_e水平均高于Ⅰ/Ⅱ期者（P < 0.05）;肝癌低分化患者MVD、K^trans、K^ep、V_e水平均高于中高分化者（P < 0.05）;有淋巴结转移的肝癌患者MVD、K^trans、K^ep、V_e水平均高于无淋巴结转移者（P < 0.05）;HIF-1α≥162.96 ng/L的肝癌患者MVD、K^trans、K^ep、V_e水平均高于HIF-1α < 162.96 ng/L者（P < 0.05）;肝癌临床分期与MVD、V_e呈正相关关系（P < 0.05）,肝癌淋巴结转移与K^trans、V_e呈正相关关系（P < 0.05）。HIF-1α与MVD、K^trans、K^ep、V_e呈正相关关系（P < 0.05）。结论  DCE-MRI定量参数与原发性肝癌患者病理特征及HIF-1α均密切相关,可利用DCE-MRI定量参数评估肝癌患者病情进展情况。     

mRNALocater: Enhance the prediction accuracy of eukaryotic mRNA subcellular localization by using model fusion strategy

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扩散加权成像评价胎儿轻度侧脑室扩张

目的 探讨ADC值对胎儿轻度侧脑室扩张的诊断价值。方法 对15胎轻度侧脑室扩张胎儿（侧脑室扩张组）及15胎侧脑室无扩张的胎儿（对照组）行DWI扫描,测量双侧额叶、顶叶、颞叶、枕叶白质、基底核、丘脑及小脑ADC值,比较2组各脑区ADC值差异及轻度侧脑室扩张胎儿左侧及右侧各脑区ADC值的差异。分析所有胎儿各脑区ADC值与孕周的相关性、侧脑室扩张胎儿侧脑室宽度与孕周的相关性。结果 与对照组比较,轻度侧脑室扩张组双侧额叶、双侧顶叶白质ADC值下降（P均<0.05）。侧脑室扩张胎儿左侧与右侧各脑区ADC值差异均无统计学意义（P均>0.05）。相关分析显示所有胎儿双侧枕叶、双侧基底核区、双侧丘脑、双侧小脑及左侧颞叶ADC值与孕周呈负相关,侧脑室扩张胎儿侧脑室宽度与孕周呈正相关（r=0.635,P=0.011）。结论 轻度侧脑室扩张胎儿额叶、顶叶ADC值下降,ADC值对检测潜在脑部损伤较敏感,有助于诊断胎儿侧脑室扩张。     

全自动血液分析仪 Sysmex XT-2000i 与 Mindray BC-5800的比较分析

目的：比较分析 Sysmex XT-2000i 和 Mindray BC-58002类全自动血液分析仪各项检验参数结果的精密度和相关性。方法选取60例 EDTA-K2抗凝静脉全血,对2台仪器各参数进行相关性分析;选取低、中、高值标本分别用2台仪器检测10次,对其进行精密度分析。结果测定 Sysmex XT-2000i 血细胞计数各参数变异系数（CV）为0．02％～5．70％,白细胞分类各参数 CV 为0．06～1．66％,Mindray BC-5800血细胞计数各参数 CV 为0．02％～5．30％,白细胞分类各参数 CV 为0．09％～1．17％。2台仪器间血细胞计数各参数的决定系数（r2）为0．185～0．995。结论2台仪器各参数精密度与设计范围相符合,二者之间的相关性较好。     

磁共振弥散加权成像对不同病理类型脑膜瘤的诊断价值

目的 探讨DWI及ADC值对脑膜瘤分型及分级的价值。方法 回顾性分析经手术病理证实为脑膜瘤的109例患者,于Functool图像后处理工作站上测量肿瘤实质区、瘤周水肿区及对侧正常脑白质ADC值,计算相对ADC值（rADC）。比较不同病理亚型及分级脑膜瘤的DWI信号特征及ADC值的差异。结果 不同病理亚型脑膜瘤DWI信号差异无统计学意义（χ2=17.86,P=0.12）,不同病理分级脑膜瘤DWI信号差异亦无统计学意义（χ2=4.95,P=0.29）。良恶性脑膜瘤肿瘤实质rADC(rADCt)差异有统计学意义（t=2.57,P=0.01）,而二者肿瘤实质ADC值（ADCt）、瘤周水肿ADC值（ADCe）及瘤周水肿rADC值（rADCe）差异均无统计学意义（P均＞0.05）。血管瘤型脑膜瘤ADCt及rADCt值高于其他各病理亚型（P均＜0.05）;间变型脑膜瘤ADCt及rADCt低于纤维型及脑膜皮细胞型（P均＜0.05）。结论 rADCt可用以鉴别脑膜瘤良恶性;ADCt及rADCt值对鉴别诊断脑膜瘤病理亚型具有一定的临床价值。     

扩散加权成像预测和评估鼻窦恶性肿瘤的化疗反应

目的 探讨DWI在预测和评估鼻窦恶性肿瘤化疗反应中的价值。方法 对8例鼻窦恶性肿瘤患者化疗前、化疗后第7、21、42天行DWI,分别测量肿瘤最小ADC值（ADC_min）和最大层面ADC值（ADC_最大层面）,并计算化疗后肿瘤ADC值变化情况。结果 与化疗前比较,5例有反应者在化疗后第7、21、42天肿瘤ADC值平均变化率较大,均超过了50%;3例无反应者化疗后第7、21、42天肿瘤ADC值平均变化率较小,无明显升高趋势。结论 ADC值有望能够预测和早期评估鼻窦恶性肿瘤对化疗的反应。