A supercritical fluid-based coating technology. 2: Solubility considerations

Solubility measurements of candidate coating materials have been performed in supercritical (SC) CO₂ so as to select appropriate coating materials for implementation of a solvent-free coating process previously described. Solubility of lipidic compounds such as waxes (paraffin, beeswax, Carnauba wax), pure triglycerides (tricaprin, trimyristin, tripalmitin, tristearin) and mixture of glycerides and fatty acid esters (Gelucire®) in SC CO₂ were evaluated in a static mode under different temperature and pressure conditions, ranging from 13–52°C and from 50–220 bar, whether the CO₂ was in its liquid or SC state. It was shown that the compounds which are mixtures of various components give rise to a selective extraction of the lower melting point components, as evidenced from thermal analysis of soluble and insoluble fractions of the coating materials.     

Local Hydrocortisone Acetate for Radiation Proctitis

In this article is described a means of controlling the disabling symptoms of a common complication seen in radium treatment of carcinoma of the cervix uteri. Four cases treated thus are presented; results were uniformly good.     

不同全自动生化分析仪血脂检测实验比对和偏倚评估

目的探讨AU5400和AU2700全自动生化分析仪血脂指标检测结果是否具有可比性。方法依据美国临床和实验室标准化协会(CLSI)EP9-A2文件,以美国临床实验室修正法规(CLIA′88)对室间评估允许误差的1/2为临床可接受依据,评价2台生化分析仪血脂指标检测结果的可比性。结果 2台分析仪血脂指标检测结果具有较好相关性(r>0.975),相对偏差均符合CLIA′88要求。结论应对不同分析系统相同指标检测结果进行比对分析及偏倚评估,判断其一致性,以保证检测结果的可比性。     

Effects of Three Treatment Modes on Plasma Lipids and Lipoproteins in Uraemic Patients

Plasma lipids, chemical composition of various lipoprotein fractions, apolipoprotein B concentrations and apolipoprotein E phenotypes were studied in 12 uraemic patients on conservative treatment (CT), in 16 patients on haemodialysis (HD) and in 18 patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis treatment (CAPD). Plasma total cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations were increased in the CAPD patients in comparison to the HD patients and the control subjects. Moreover, the CAPD patients had higher LDL cholesterol concentration than the CT and HD patients. The HDL cholesterol concentration was lower in the HD and CAPD patients than in the control subjects. The chemical composition of lipoproteins in all fractions of the CT and HD patients and in VLDL, IDL and LDL fractions of the CAPD patients differed from those of the control subjects. The main differences were the increased proportion of triglycerides in VLDL and LDL fractions of all the patient groups and in HDL fraction of the CT and HD patients in comparison to the control subjects. Moreover, the proportion of cholesterol was increased in VLDL and IDL fractions of the CT and the CAPD patients and decreased in HDL fraction of the CT and HD patients compared to the control subjects. In conclusion, in addition to the alterations in the lipoprotein concentrations in uraemic patients there are also marked changes in the chemical composition of the lipoprotein particles that may further contribute to the accelerated atherosclerosis among uraemic patients. The abnormalities are particularly prevalent in CAPD patients.     

类风湿关节炎合并心血管疾病的研究进展

类风湿关节炎(RA)患者心血管疾病(CVD)的风险高于年龄和性别相匹配的一般人群的1.5～2.0倍.因全身慢性炎症导致的心血管风险增高是RA的特征之一.RA最优化心血管风险管理的挑战包括改进预测心血管风险的方法和确定目标危险因素以减少心血管风险.从RA研究中吸取经验教训,对于一般人群同样收益,因为炎症在动脉粥样硬化的发病机制中有着重要作用.     

葡萄籽原花青素降血脂药效部位筛选

目的：研究不同组分葡萄籽原花青素降血脂药效。方法：采用不同浓度乙醇渗漉提取、大孔树脂分离纯化,制得10%、30%、50%、70%乙醇部位葡萄籽原花青素提取物,建立大鼠高血脂模型,分别测定各组血清甘油三酯（TG）、总胆固醇（TC）、谷丙转氨酶（ALT）、谷草转氨酶（AST）的含量,以及Lee’S指数和脏器指数,对各提取物进行药效学研究,确定葡萄籽原花青素降血脂有效部位。结果：葡萄籽原花青素提取物10%、30%、50%乙醇部位具有明显降低高血脂大鼠模型的TG的含量（P<0.01）;同时50%乙醇部位还可以明显降低高血脂大鼠模型的ALT和AST含量（P<0.01）;10%、30%、50%、70%乙醇部位能抑制Lee’S指数的升高（P<0.01或P<0.05）;10%乙醇组显著升高肾脏指数;10%、30%、50%、70%乙醇组能显著升高脾脏指数（P<0.01）;10%、50%、70%乙醇组能显著降低总脂指数（P<0.01）。结论：50%乙醇部位葡萄籽原花青素提取物为葡萄籽降血脂有效部位。     

糖心舒合剂对糖尿病性心脏自主神经病变心率变异性的影响

目的：观察糖心舒合剂对糖尿病性心脏自主神经病变患者的治疗作用。方法：60例患者在口服达美康同时,治疗组(30例)加服中药糖心舒合剂,对照组(30例)加维生素和弥可保治疗,疗程12周。观察两组治疗前后血糖、血脂、心率变异性(HRV)指标的变化。结果：总有效率治疗组为90．0％,对照组为66．7％,两组比较差异有显著性(P<0．05);治疗组在降低空腹血糖、餐后2h血糖、血清总胆固醇、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平及提高高密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量、HRV指标方面均优于对照组(P<0．05)。结论：糖心舒合剂可有效控制血糖,改善微循环障碍,对糖尿病性心脏自主神经病变有一定的疗效。     

载脂蛋白A5 c.553G>T基因多态性与新疆汉族人群冠心病相关性研究

目的 研究新疆汉族人群载脂蛋白A5(ApoA5)c.553G＞T多态性与冠心病及血脂水平的相关性.方法 采用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性方法,检测486例冠心病患者和501例对照的ApoA5 c.553G＞T多态性,同时测定血脂水平.结果 ApoA5 c.553G＞T的不同基因型在冠心病组和对照组分布频率的差异具有统计学意义(x2=8.757,P=0.013).通过非条件logistic回归校正年龄、性别、吸烟史、血脂、高血压和糖尿病史等影响因素后,T等位基因携带者(TT+GT基因型)的个体患冠心病的风险是GG型的1.753倍(OR=1.753,95%CI:1.030～2.983,P＜0.05).冠心病组和对照组c.553G＞T基因型亚组间甘油三酯(TG)水平的差异有统计学意义(t=-5.242,P＜0.01;t=-3.499,P=0.001),T等位基因携带者较GG型有更高的TG水平;冠心病组T等位基因携带者较GG型有更高的胆固醇(TC)水平(t=-2.465,P=0.014).结论 ApoA5c.553G＞T多态性对新疆汉族人群血清TG、TC水平有影响,且与冠心病的发生有一定相关性,T等位基因可能是冠心病的一个危险因素.

Abstract：

Objective The aim is to investigate the association between coronary heart disease (CHD) and c.553G＞T polymorphism of apolipoprotein A5 (ApoA5) gene and the influence of serum lipid level in the Hah ethnic population of Xinjiang. Methods The polymorphism of ApoA5 gene in 486 patients with CHD and 501 controls was analyzed by methods of polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Level of serum lipid in each patient was detected at the same time. Results There was significant difference in the distribution of genotypes between CHD group and controls group ( x2 = 8.757, P= 0.013 ). Non-conditioned logistic regression analyses, after adjusted for age, gender, smoking, total serum cholesterol, presence of hypertension and diabetes, revealed that individuals who carried T allele (TT + GT genotype) had an increased risk of CHD, compared to GG genotype (OR= 1.753,95%CI: 1.030-2.983, P＜0.05 ). There was also a remarkable difference noticed in the level of serum triglyceride by genotypes in CHD group and control group (t=5.242, P＜0.01; t=-3.499, P=0.001 ). Individuals in the two groups who carried T allele had higher level of serum triglyceride than those carried GG genotype. Individuals in CHD group who carried T allele had higher level of serum total cholesterol than those carried GG genotype (t=-2.465, P=0.014). Conclusion It seemed that the c.553G＞T polymorphism of ApoA5 gene had influenced on the level of serum triglyceride and the total cholesterol among Han population in Xinjiang. c.553G＞T polymorphism was associated with the development of CHD, while T allele might be an influencing risk factor on CHD.     

超敏C反应蛋白在健康体检中的意义

[目的]探讨超敏C反应蛋白（HS-CRP）作为心、脑血管疾病的常规筛查指标,在正常人群健康体检中的意义。[方法]选取本院健康体检者310例,排除能引起C反应蛋白升高的炎性疾病,在OlympusAU2700全自动生化分析仪上,用乳胶增强免疫透射比浊法测定血清中的HS-CRP,同步测定血清总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）等4项血脂指标,并进行对比分析。[结果]单纯血脂检测,高脂血症者108例,心、脑血管疾病危险因素的检出率为34.8%;单纯HS-CRP检测,升高者86例,检出率27.7%;血脂与HS-CRP同时检测,异常者145例,检出率46.7%。血脂、HS-CRP单独检测与两者同时检测比较,P值均〈0.01,差异具有非常显著性意义。[结论]HS-CRP与血脂同时检测,能筛查出30%~40%用常规血脂检测未发现的具有心、脑血管疾病的潜在危险者。HS-CRP在心、脑血管疾病预测中具有重要价值。应作为血脂的补充检测指标,用于健康人群体检中,以提高心、脑血管疾病的预报率。     

Aberrant lipid metabolism as a therapeutic target in liver cancer

Introduction: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common and lethal cancers. Progress has been made in treatment of HCC; however, improved outcomes are much needed. The increased metabolic needs of cancer cells underscore the importance of metabolic pathways in cancer cell survival. Lipid metabolism has a role in HCC development; aberrant overexpression of several key enzymes is seen in many solid human tumors.

Areas covered: We discuss aberrant lipid metabolism and the promise of multiple targets, in particular related to HCC treatment. We searched PubMed and clinicaltrials.gov for published and unpublished studies from 2000 to 2019. These terms were used: lipids, fatty acid metabolism, lipid metabolism, liver cancer, HCC, de novo fatty acid synthesis, ATP citrate lyase, stearoyl CoA denaturase, fatty acid synthase, acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase, CD147, KLF4, monoglyceride lipase, AMP activated protein kinase.

Expert opinion: The importance of dysregulation of fatty acid synthesis in cancer is a growing area of research. HCC demonstrates significant alteration in lipid metabolism, representing great potential as a target for novel therapeutics. Various agents have demonstrated promising anti-neoplastic activity. This strategy deserves further development for improved outcomes.