Intrauterine Device Initiation After Gonococcal and Chlamydial Infections: A Practice Workflow Initiative

Unplanned pregnancy remains an issue in the United States. The intrauterine device (IUD) is a solution. The IUD is safe for most women and is recommended for adolescents. Misconceptions exist about IUDs and sexually transmitted infections caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis. Accepted guidelines ensure the management of these sexually transmitted infections and subsequent, safe initiation of the IUD. The use of best practice alerts preserves the health care team’s adherence to clinical guidelines. This IUD provision initiative creates a workflow for the interprofessional team to ensure the safe initiation of an IUD to clients with a gonococcal or chlamydial infection.     

大骨瓣减压加颞肌切除术对大面积脑梗死的疗效

目的探究分析标准大骨瓣减压联合颞肌切除术在大面积脑梗死患者中的临床治疗效果。方法从2016年12月-2018年11月我院收治的大面积脑梗死患者中抽选46例,采取数字随机分配法分为两组。试验组24例,采取标准大骨瓣减压联合颞肌切除术治疗,对照组22例,采取单纯标准大骨瓣减压术治疗,对比两组患者临床治疗效果。结果试验组中线回复(11.37±2.11)^15.09±2.79mm,对照组中线回复(12.24±3.31)^16.22±3.11mm,试验组中线回复情况优于对照组,死亡率(33.33%)明显低于对照组(63.64%),P<0.05,差异具有统计学意义。结论在大面积脑梗死患者中采取标准大骨瓣减压联合颞肌切除术治疗能够有效改善脑梗死情况,降低病死率,临床治疗效果显著。     

胸腔镜下治疗肺癌患者的效果分析

目的:研讨肺癌患者在胸腔镜辅助下行手术治疗的临床价值。方法:选择本院收治于2017年8月~2019年8月的68例肺癌患者作为观察对象,并按1:1比例随机归为2组,A组接受常规开胸手术治疗,B组接受胸腔镜手术治疗,对比A、B组手术的处理成效。结果:A、B组手术出血量与淋巴结清扫数相比差异较小,P>0.05,无统计学意义;但B组较A组在手术时间、切口长度等方面占明显优势,P<0.05,有统计学意义。B组发生切口感染、肺部漏气等并发症的总概率较A组降低更显著,P<0.05,有统计学意义。结论:对肺癌患者实施胸腔镜手术治疗,手术切口小、操作时间短、术后恢复快,并可明显减少术后并发症的发生,在安全性方面较有保障,值得推荐。     

Outcomes of Fluoroscopy-Guided Percutaneous High Ligation of the Great Saphenous Vein Combined With Foam Sclerotherapy for Symptomatic Great Saphenous Veins

PurposeTo evaluate the effectiveness and safety of fluoroscopy-guided percutaneous high ligation (FPHL) combined with fluoroscopy-guided foam sclerotherapy (FGFS) to treat varicose veins of the great saphenous veins (GSVs).Materials and MethodsThis was a retrospective study of 113 patients (mean age, 62.1 ± 10.8 years; 60 men) with varicose veins of the GSVs (133 limbs) that were treated with FPHL combined with FGFS between April 1 and October 31, 2019. Demographic and clinical data were collected from these patients before the FPHL procedure, after which FGFS was performed. The preterminal GSV was ligated percutaneously by a percutaneously-positioned polypropylene ligature under fluoroscopic guidance. The outcome of ligation was confirmed by venography. Then, foam sclerotherapy was performed under fluoroscopy. At 1-year follow-up, GSV occlusion was evaluated by ultrasound. The venous clinical severity scores (VCSSs) were compared between the preoperative and 1-year follow-up periods.ResultsThe technical success rate was 100% (133 limbs). Complete 12-month follow-up was available for 112 limbs (84.2%) and 103 of these limbs (92.0%) remained occluded during this period. The VCSS improved from 4.71 ± 2.15 to 0.74 ± 0.60 (V = 6328, P < .001). During follow-up, there were 16 limbs with thrombophlebitis and 38 limbs with saphenous junction pain; these events were alleviated within 2 weeks of the procedure. There was no deep venous thrombosis or other severe adverse events.ConclusionsFPHL combined with FGFS to treat varicose veins in the GSVs achieved an occlusion rate of 92% and improved the clinical symptoms within 1 year; this minimally-invasive procedure was safe and effective.     

当归芍药散改善认知功能的研究进展

当归芍药散（danggui shaoyao san，DSS）是收录在汉代张仲景《金匮要略》中的著名方剂，原为治疗“妇人怀妊，腹中㽲痛”、“妇人腹中诸疾痛”而设，为中医健脾祛湿、养血调肝的著名方剂。临床多用于妇科疾病的治疗。近年发现当归芍药散具有神经保护作用，尤其对认知功能具有一定改善作用，其作用机制主要与调控雌激素水平、抑制氧化应激以及神经元突触等转导通路及相关信号分子有关。当归芍药散作为潜在的阿尔茨海默病及其他中枢神经退行性疾病治疗药物将日益受到关注，该文对当归芍药散化学成分和药理作用的研究进展进行综述。     

中药半夏复制法炮制的研究进展

在中医临床中,半夏是一种常用的中药材,具有非常重要的药用价值,但其生品具有一定毒性。根据中医药基础理论,半夏经炮制后可以降低其毒副作用,从而保证临床安全用药。该文基于半夏复制法的炮制特点,探讨半夏多物料多流程炮制前后变化。该法没有统一工序,加入一种或多种物料,按不同流程,如浸、泡、漂,或蒸、煮,或数法共用,反复炮制达到规定的质量要求。通过不同炮制方法,其功效等也随之变化,用于不同疾病的治疗。文章从多物料,多流程2个方向出发,分别综述了多物料或多流程炮制对其化学成分、药效的影响,以及减毒增效的炮制机制,以期为半夏降低毒性增强疗效,扩大药用范围提供参考,为后人进一步研究炮制机制提供理论依据。对半夏的深入性研究,使得半夏更加安全有效地应用于临床,以确保临床疗效。为今后对半夏饮片炮制的质量控制、有效成分以及新药研发方面的研究提供参考。对其寻求最佳的炮制工艺奠定了科学基础,为解决半夏炮制品存在的生产问题提供理论依据,从而达到提高生产效率,提高药品质量的目的。     

优质护理服务在护理临床带教中的效果分析

目的探究在护理临床带教中使用优质护理服务理念的效果。方法随机抽取我院2017年2月—2018年2月40名护生(对照组,应用传统带教模式)及2018年3月—2020年3月40名护生(观察组,应用优质护理服务理念开展临床带教)作为观察对象,对比两组护生考核成绩、综合实习能力(语言沟通能力、分析解决问题能力及应急能力)评分。结果观察组护生护理理论知识、护理技能考核成绩均高于对照组,P<0.05;观察组护生语言沟通能力、分析解决问题能力及应急能力得分较对照组更高,P<0.05。结论在护理临床带教中使用优质护理服务理念更有助于护生掌握护理知识及技能,提升其综合能力,教学效果更佳。     

Clinical tests for confirming tracheal intubation or excluding oesophageal intubation: a diagnostic test accuracy systematic review and meta-analysis

Unrecognised oesophageal intubation causes preventable serious harm to patients undergoing tracheal intubation. When capnography is unavailable or doubted, clinicians still use clinical findings to confirm tracheal intubation, or exclude oesophageal intubation, and false reassurance from clinical examination is a recurring theme in fatal cases of unrecognised oesophageal intubation. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of the diagnostic accuracy of five clinical examination tests and the oesophageal detector device when used to confirm tracheal intubation. We searched four databases for studies reporting index clinical tests against a reference standard, from inception to 28 February 2023. We included 49 studies involving 10,654 participants. Methodological quality was overall moderate to high. We looked at misting (three studies, 115 participants); lung auscultation (three studies, 217 participants); combined lung and epigastric auscultation (four studies, 506 participants); the oesophageal detector device (25 studies, 3024 participants); ‘hang-up’ (two non-human studies); and chest rise (one non-human study). The reference standards used were capnography (22 studies); direct vision (10 studies); and bronchoscopy (three studies). When used to confirm tracheal intubation, misting has a false positive rate (95%CI) of 0.69 (0.43–0.87); lung auscultation 0.14 (0.08–0.23); five-point auscultation 0.18 (0.08–0.36); and the oesophageal detector device 0.05 (0.02–0.09). Tests to exclude events that invariably lead to severe damage or death must have a negligible false positive rate. Misting or auscultation have too high a false positive rate to reliably exclude oesophageal intubation and there is insufficient evidence to support the use of ‘hang-up’ or chest rise. The oesophageal detector device may be considered where other more reliable means are not available, though waveform capnography remains the reference standard for confirmation of tracheal intubation.     

Different clinical features between patients with ROS1-positive and ALK-positive advanced non-small cell lung cancer

ObjectiveTo compare the baseline clinical characteristics between patients with ROS1-positive and ALK-positive advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and the correlations of these subtypes with the distribution of metastases.MethodsWe compared the clinical characteristics and imaging features of patients with ROS1-positive and ALK-positive NSCLC using statistical methods.ResultsData for 232 patients were analyzed. Compared with ALK-positive NSCLC, ROS1-positive NSCLC was more likely to occur in women (71% vs 53%), and primary lesions ≤3 cm were more common in patients with ROS1-positive compared with ALK-positive NSCLC (58% vs 37%). There was no significant difference in the distribution of metastases between the two groups. Subgroup analysis within the ROS1-positive group showed that, compared with primary lesions >3 cm, primary lesions ≤3 cm were more likely to present as peripheral tumors (72% vs 43%) and more likely to exhibit non-solid density (44% vs 4%).ConclusionsAlthough ROS1-positive and ALK-positive NSCLCs show similar clinical features, the differences may help clinicians to identify patients requiring further genotyping at initial diagnosis.