Whole-body diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging

Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI) provides information on the diffusivity of water molecules in the human body. Technological advances and the development of the concept of diffusion-weighted whole-body imaging with background body signal suppression (DWIBS) have opened the path for routine clinical whole-body DWI. Whole-body DWI allows detection and characterization of both oncological and non-oncological lesions throughout the entire body. This article reviews the basic principles of DWI and the development of whole-body DWI, illustrates its potential clinical applications, and discusses its limitations and challenges.     

3种不同背景对金瓷修复体颜色的影响

目的比较3种不同背景下金瓷修复体之间及其与Vitapanclassical比色板的色彩差异。方法应用CIE1976L*a*b*颜色系统,采用高像素数码摄影及计算机处理技术,在标准光源及相同条件下,采集了2组金瓷修复体的12个试件与6个A2比色片的图片,分别测量、分析其色度值。结果同种金瓷修复体在3种不同背景之间的色度差明显大于1.5NBS;在灰色背景下金瓷修复体与比色片的色度差最小。结论3种不同背景下金瓷修复体之间及其与VITA比色板存在肉眼可见的颜色差异,灰色背景要优于其他两种。     

Strain-dependency of Chromosomal Abnormalities in Lymphomas Developed in Eμ-myc Transgenic Mice

We previously showed that B and T cell lymphoma development in E μ (immunoglobulin heavy chain enhancer)- mye transgenic mice is dependent on the mouse strain. To determine whether any non-random chromosomal abnormality that was present was caused by variations in the lymphoma cell type or by a different genetic background, we crossed C3H transgenic mice with other inbred strains of mice, C57BL/6 or BALB/c. Cytogenetic analysis showed a high frequency of non-random chromosomal aberrations, namely, duplication or amplification of part of chromosome 5 containing the transgene and trisomy of chromosome 1, 6, or 12 in the genetic background of C3HXC57BL/6 mouse and C3HxBALB/c mouse, respectively, regardless of cell type of lymphoma. These results suggest that non-random chromosomal abnormalities in lymphoma cells are dependent on the genetic background of mouse, not on the tumor cell type in E μ-myc transgenic     

乳腺磁共振背景实质强化的研究进展

乳腺癌作为女性最常见的恶性肿瘤,其发病率及死亡率都较高,且不同分子亚型乳腺癌生物学表现及临床治疗、预后各不相同,寻找乳腺癌针对性和个性化诊断及治疗的影像学标记物是目前研究的热点.乳腺背景实质强化(background parenchymal enhancement,BPE)是正常纤维腺体组织的生理性强化,受多种因素的影...     

In vivo confocal microscopy of climatic droplet keratopathy

We describe the corneal microstructural changes in a patient with spheroidal degeneration using in vivo confocal microscopy. Multiple hypo‐ and hyper‐reflective spherical lesions were observed in the anterior corneal stroma and Bowman's layer ranging from 45 to 220 μm in size. The corneal epithelium, posterior stroma and endothelium were otherwise unaffected. In vivo confocal microscopy demonstrates good correlation with excised histological samples in climatic droplet keratopathy. It provides a non‐invasive technique to examine the living cornea for degenerative disease and acts as a bridge between clinical and laboratory observations.     

Longitudinal study of hearing loss in childhood: Relationship between Hearing Impairment,Poor Learning and Family Background

Of the Dutch school population 0.1% suffer from a hearing loss which makes it necessary for them to attend a special school. This permanent, binaural hearing impairment is of a moderate to severe degree (degrees II and III) and adversely affects the child's linguistic skills and school performance. Of the pupils attending ordinary schools 4–5% suffer from a hearing loss which, according to the Dutch audiologist Huizing, lies on the borderline of a slight to moderate hearing impairment (degrees I and II). This loss is characterised by its temporary nature, the fact that it is monaural in 71% of the cases and that there is no evidence for its clearly affecting the learning process. The risk of hearing impairment is predominantly determined by the child's family background.     

Understanding native Russian listeners’ errors on an English word recognition test: Model-based analysis of phoneme confusion

Abstract

Objective: Word recognition is a basic component in a comprehensive hearing evaluation, but data are lacking for listeners speaking two languages. This study obtained such data for Russian natives in the US and analysed the data using the perceptual assimilation model (PAM) and speech learning model (SLM). Design: Listeners were randomly presented 200 NU-6 words in quiet. Listeners responded verbally and in writing. Performance was scored on words and phonemes (word-initial consonants, vowels, and word-final consonants). Study sample: Seven normal-hearing, adult monolingual English natives (NM), 16 English-dominant (ED), and 15 Russian-dominant (RD) Russian natives participated. ED and RD listeners differed significantly in their language background. Results: Consistent with the SLM, NM outperformed ED listeners and ED outperformed RD listeners, whether responses were scored on words or phonemes. NM and ED listeners shared similar phoneme error patterns, whereas RD listeners’ errors had unique patterns that could be largely understood via the PAM. RD listeners had particular difficulty differentiating vowel contrasts /i-I/, /æ-ε/, and /ɑ-Λ/, word-initial consonant contrasts /p-h/ and /b-f/, and word-final contrasts /f-v/. Conclusions: Both first-language phonology and second-language learning history affect word and phoneme recognition. Current findings may help clinicians differentiate word recognition errors due to language background from hearing pathologies.     

从气血理论探讨癥瘕与阴疽病因病机的联系

阴疽的产生通常是因阳虚或气血不足,加之外感六淫,或七情内伤,或饮食不节,导致寒痰凝结,气血瘀滞,进而化为阴毒,内损筋骨、脏腑。妇人癥瘕是由脏腑气化功能的亢盛或衰弱、外邪侵袭、饮食失节、情志失调等诸多因素作用,最终形成瘀血留滞,痰瘀胶结,络痹气阻,日久而成癥瘕格局。气血是构成和维持人体生命活动的两大基本物质,气血功能的紊乱则会导致诸多病证的形成。本文从气血理论探讨阴疽和癥瘕的病因病机,从脏腑、六淫、七情等方面探讨对气血的影响,分析阴疽与癥瘕内在的病因病机的联系,认为气血的亏虚和运行迟滞是其根本联系。     

无陪护模式病房不同能级护理人员承担工作项目调查

目的了解山东省三级综合性医院无陪护模式病房不同能级护理人员承担工作项目情况,为实现护理人力资源优化管理提供基础和依据。方法自行设计无陪护模式病房临床护理人员能级对应相关情况调查表,对山东省6所三级医院无陪护模式病房551名护理人员承担部分工作项目情况进行调查。结果不同能级护理人员承担各护理工作项目有所侧重(均P<0.01),但均承担所有工作项目;基础护理、执行治疗是主要的临床护理工作,分别占23.81%、22.00%;临床教学及科研所占的比重最少,分别占8.17%、2.51%;无陪护模式病房护理工作的主力是大专学历、初级职称及工龄不足3年的护士。结论护理人力资源配置的不合理及利用低效率并存,护理管理者应制定科学的护理人力资源配置标准,并根据不同岗位的专业技术要求配备相应能力的护士,从而优化护理人力资源管理。