卫生处理单位参与国境口岸医学媒介生物本底调查的探讨

目的:研究口岸卫生处理单位参与口岸医学媒介生物本底调查的可行性。方法:分析口岸医学媒介生物本底调查及口岸卫生处理单位工作现状,归纳当前存在的问题,探讨卫生处理单位参与口岸医学媒介生物本底调查的优势。结果:卫生处理单位参与本底调查可以确保工作质量,积累工作经验,拓宽业务范围,增强与检验检疫机构的协作。结论:]将口岸卫生处理单位纳入到口岸媒介生物防控体系,对构建疫病疫情防控屏障,提高口岸卫生控制水平,确保口岸卫生,安全具有积极的现实意义和长远的战略眼光。     

我国市售药材中64种农药残留的本底调查与检测分析

目的:通过对我国市售中药材进行农药残留的本底调查及对农药品种与残留进行分析,为中药材的污染控制提供建议.方法:采用GC-MS法测定64种农药残留.结果:在测定的45种80批样品中,22种42批检出相关农药残留,农药残留检出率为52%,参照食品残留标准衡量,超标率为47%.结论:中药材农药残留较为普遍,原因复杂,有关部门...     

Cancer mortality in six lowest versus six highest elevation jurisdictions in the u.s

Low levels of background radiation exist around us continuously. These levels increase with increasing land elevation, allowing a comparison of low elevations to high elevations in regard to an outcome such as cancer death rates. The present study compares archived cancer mortality rates in six low versus six high elevation jurisdictions. The study also compares mortality rates for all causes, heart disease, and diabetes in low versus high elevation jurisdictions in an effort to see if other mortality outcomes are different in low versus high elevations. Statistically significant decreases in mortality, with very large effect sizes, were observed in high land elevation for three of the four outcomes, including cancer. One possible explanation for the decreased mortality in high elevation jurisdictions is radiation hormesis. Another possible explanation, at least in the case of heart disease mortality, is the physiologic responses that accompany higher elevations regarding decreased oxygen levels. Since this is an ecological study, no causal inferences can be made, particularly when viewpoints on possible effects of low level radiation are diametrically opposed. Further research is indicated.     

Development of a scale to assess the background, needs, and expectations of genetic counseling clients

Genetic professionals seek to tailor their counseling to meet the background, needs, and expectations (BNE) of their clients. We present the development of a new instrument, the BNE Scale, designed to assess BNE in genetic counseling clients. The initial items for the scale were created based on a review of the literature and clinical experience. The draft scale was piloted tested with 10 subjects, using cognitive interviewing techniques. Based on those results, a revised 82-item-scale was created and posted online. It was completed by 608 adult subjects who have experience with Down syndrome, Marfan syndrome, or neurofibromatosis. Responses were analyzed in aggregate based on clinically relevant item groupings. Exploratory factor analysis was used to refine the item groupings, and these groups were evaluated for reliability and cross-correlations. As a result, 61 items across 16 subscales were retained for the final BNE Scale. Further, the subscales were segregated thematically into four groups: (1) Beliefs which includes the Consequences, Unsureness, Feelings, and Treatment subscales, (2) Social Support which includes the Spousal (or Partner) Support, Family Support, Friend Support, Healthcare Provider Support, Faith/God Support, and Support Group Interest subscales, (3) Needs which includes the Need for Information, Need for Context, and Need for Provider Input subscales, and (4) Expectations which includes the Education, Counseling, and Desired Feelings subscales. These data provide initial support for the BNE Scale as a psychometrically acceptable means to assess the clients' background, needs and expectations of genetic counseling.     

三甲医院不同学历护士婚姻质量的调查

目的调查不同学历护士婚姻质量的状况。方法采用整群抽样方法,对哈尔滨市2所三级甲等医院的1250名护士进行Olson婚姻质量问卷调查。结果本组护士的婚姻满意度得分为（33．28±5．42）分,低于美国常模（37．04±7．03）分,差异有统计学意义（t=-10．94,P〈0．05）,婚姻质量的其他9项因子得分均低于美国常模,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;本科学历护士婚姻满意度得分（32．42±6．23）分低于大专学历护士（36．24±6．35）分,差异有统计学意义（t=-18．34,P〈0．05）,高于中专学历护士得分（31．20±5．38）分,差异有统计学意义（t=6．96,P〈0．05）;大专学历护士婚姻满意度得分比较差异也有统计学意义（t=32．05,P〈0．05）;不同学历护士其他9项婚姻质量因子得分的比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论护士的婚姻质量整体偏低,不同学历护士的婚姻质量也有所不同,管理部门应根据护士的教育程度开展心理咨询和婚姻指导,改善护理人员的婚姻质量,进而提高护士的生活质量和护理工作质量。     

Frequent spontaneous seizures followed by spatial working memory/anxiety deficits in mice lacking sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 2

The diverse physiological effects of sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) are mostly mediated by its five cognate G protein-coupled receptors, S1P₁-S1P₅, which have attracted much attention as future drug targets. To gain insight into S1P₂-mediated signaling, we analyzed frequent spontaneous seizures in S1P₂-deficient (S1P₂^−/−) mice obtained after several backcrosses onto a C57BL/6N background. Full-time video recording of 120 S1P₂^−/− mice identified 420 seizures both day and night between postnatal days 25 and 45, which were accompanied by high-voltage synchronized cortical discharges and a series of typical episodes: wild run, tonic-clonic convulsion, freezing, and, occasionally, death. Nearly 40% of 224 S1P₂^−/− mice died after such seizures, while the remaining 60% of the mice survived to adulthood; however, approximately half of the deliveries from S1P₂^−/− pregnant mice resulted in neonatal death. In situ hybridization revealed exclusive s1p₂ expression in the hippocampal pyramidal/granular neurons of wild-type mice, and immunohistochemistry/microarray analyses identified enhanced gliosis in the whole hippocampus and its neighboring neocortex in seizure-prone adult S1P₂^−/− mice. Seizure-prone adult S1P₂^−/− mice displayed impaired spatial working memory in the eight-arm radial maze test and increased anxiety in the elevated plus maze test, whereas their passive avoidance learning memory performance in the step-through test and hippocampal long-term potentiation was indistinguishable from that of wild-type mice. Our findings suggest that blockade of S1P₂ signaling may cause seizures/hippocampal insults and impair some specific central nervous system functions.     

Further evidence for selective difficulty of upward eye pursuit in juvenile monkeys: effects of optokinetic stimulation, static roll tilt, and active head movements

The smooth-pursuit system moves the eyes in space accurately to track slowly moving objects of interest despite visual inputs from the moving background and/or vestibular inputs during head movements. Recently, our laboratory has shown that young primates exhibit asymmetric eye movements during vertical pursuit across a textured background; upward eye velocity gain is reduced. To further understand the nature of this asymmetry, we performed three series of experiments in young monkeys. In Experiment 1, we examined whether this asymmetry was due to an un-compensated downward optokinetic reflex induced by the textured background as it moves across the retina in the opposite direction of the pursuit eye movements. For this, we examined the monkeys’ ability to fixate a stationary spot in space during movement of the textured background and compared it with vertical pursuit across the stationary textured background. We also examined gains of optokinetic eye movements induced by downward motion of the textured background during upward pursuit. In both task conditions, gains of downward eye velocity induced by the textured background were too small to explain reduced upward eye velocity gains. In Experiment 2, we examined whether the frame of reference for low-velocity, upward pursuit was orbital or earth vertical. To test this, we first applied static tilt in the roll plane until the animals were nearly positioned on their side in order to dissociate vertical or horizontal eye movements in the orbit from those in space. Deficits were observed for upward pursuit in the orbit but not in space. In Experiment 3, we tested whether asymmetry was observed during head-free pursuit that requires coordination between eye and head movements. Asymmetry in vertical eye velocity gains was still observed during head-free pursuit although it was not observed in vertical head velocity. These results, taken together, suggest that the asymmetric eye movements during vertical pursuit are specific for upward, primarily eye pursuit in the orbit.     

水沟穴急救的中医理论依据和西医作用基础浅析

目的:分析"急救刺水沟"的中医理论依据和西医作用基础。方法:通过分析水沟穴的穴名、定位以及其与周围经脉的关系归纳"急救刺水沟"的中医理论依据;通过局部解剖所见的形态学基础和针刺水沟的量-效关系分析水沟穴在治疗脑病方面具有独特优势的作用基础。结果:水沟穴所处的位置及其与周围神经、血管、经络的关系是其发挥"急救刺水沟"功能的基础。结论:水沟穴所处的重要位置是其发挥"急救要穴"功能的基础,但是合理的刺激方法、刺激时间和刺激强度与腧穴之间的合理搭配应用也是水沟穴发挥最大量-效关系必不可少的辅助因素,有必要深入研究并制定科学规范的"急救刺水沟"的适应症和手法量-效学标准。     

从六气角度探讨北京市痢疾发病与气象变动的关联性

目的:从运气学说六气的角度探讨北京市痢疾发病与前1年及当年气象因素的相关性。方法:按六气分段收集和整理北京市1970年-2003年的痢疾发病及相应的气象资料,分别将前1年和当年的气象资料与痢疾发病人数进行单因素相关分析,将相关性较高的气象因子纳入多元逐步回归分析,建立回归模型,并评价其对痢疾发病预测的吻合度。结果:北京地区痢疾的发病集中于夏秋之季。痢疾发病与当年和前1年的气温、风速和相对湿度均相关,但仅有风速进入回归方程,回归方程分别为:Y=-171226.89+86883.679Xw.1(Xw.1为当年初之气的平均风速);Y=-291070.976+62177.339Xw.1+62776.246Xw.2(Xw.1和Xw.2分别为前1年初之气和二之气的平均风速)。结论:前1年气象与痢疾发病的回归方程的预测效果较当年为佳。