硅橡胶鼻假体用于唇裂继发鼻畸形术的护理

目的:探讨行硅橡胶鼻假体,矫正单侧唇裂继发鼻畸形术的护理.方法:通过延长鼻小柱,纠正鼻小柱和鼻中隔的偏斜,广泛游离患侧鼻翼软骨,分三点悬吊固定患侧鼻翼软骨,同期植入硅橡胶L型鼻假体整复单侧唇裂继发鼻畸形24例.结果:24例均一期愈合,随访3～12个月效果患者均满意.结论:采用硅橡胶L型鼻假体整复单侧唇裂继发鼻畸形,配合正确护理效果更佳.     

Hypertrophic lichen planus on lip mimicking SCC

The lichen planus (LP) is an inflammatory and immune‐mediated disorder that can affect the hair, mucous membranes, nails, and skin. Lichen planus rarely affects the lips. In cases of lip involvement, it presents as radiated streaks, lace‐like papules, and erosions. There is no report of lip LP presenting as hypertrophic plaque. Here, we report interesting and rare clinical presentations of LP in a 45‐year‐old male patient that presented with a verrucous hyperkeratotic plaque on the lower lip mimicking squamous cell carcinoma. However, oral examination revealed, reticulated white patches on the bilateral buccal mucosa, and a biopsy of the lip lesion revealed lichenoid dermatitis which led to the diagnosis of hypertrophic lichen planus. Familiarity with the different clinical presentations of LP and its variants is essential for prompt diagnosis and effective treatment.     

腭器官培养在腭裂发病机制研究中的应用

唇腭裂是人类最常见的出生缺陷之一,其发病机理复杂.多学科的研究表明,唇腭裂的病因涉及众多因素,受到多个因素的调控.其中导致腭裂发生的原因之一是腭板未能融合,而对于腭板融合过程的研究,在体内受诸多因素的限制,因此可以采用体外腭器官培养的方法进行研究.长期实践证明,与体内实验相比,体外腭器官培养模型可以模拟体内腭裂形成的过程.本文就腭器官培养方法在腭裂发病机制研究中的作用作一综述.     

Dental anomalies in cleft lip and palate: A case–control comparison of total and outside the cleft prevalence

This study’s objective was to compare the total and outside the cleft prevalence of dental anomalies (DA) between patients with cleft lip and palate (CLP) and a control group. This retrospective cross-sectional study was done under a case–control design. The case group consisted of 192 non-syndromic patients with complete CLP, while the control group included 411 patients. All subjects had orthopantomography, intra, and extraoral photographs. The prevalence of dental agenesis, supernumerary teeth, impacted teeth, dental transposition, and microdontia were compared using a chi-squared test (P < .05). Next, a second test was made, but only the anomalies outside the cleft were considered for this study. Total prevalence was 89.1% for cases, and 20.9% for controls (P < .01). The prevalence of each DA was significantly higher for the case group. In the analysis of DAs outside the cleft, the total prevalence was still significantly associated (P < .01); however, only dental agenesis was statistically significant (P < .01). Further analysis found that a high rate of upper premolar absence (P < .01) could explain this event. Patients with CLP have a higher prevalence of DAs compared to controls. After considering only the DAs outside the cleft, the total prevalence remains significantly higher. However, this phenomenon is explained mainly by the elevated prevalence of upper premolars’ agenesis. This study’s results suggest that environmental factors are behind the high prevalence of DAs in subjects with CLP.     

唇腭裂病因学研究的新进展

先天性唇腭裂是一种常见的多基因遗传病,是遗传因素和环境因素综合作用的结果,随着人类基因组计划的完成,先天性唇腭裂易感基因的研究已成热点,国外许多学者已进行了大量的研究,并取得了初步的成果。本文回顾近年来在唇腭裂病因学研究方面的进展,包括易感基因定位、相关信号分子流行病学及动物模型等方面的研究。     

改良腭黏膜瓣整复软腭裂的临床观察

目的:探讨整复软腭裂的新术式,重建腭咽闭合的效果。方法:采用腭黏膜瓣后推术对25例软腭裂患者进行整复治疗,并对其进行随访,以了解术后腭咽闭合的情况。结果:所有患者术后腭部创口愈合良好,瘢痕不明显,软腭的活动度良好,且均有良好的腭咽闭合功能。结论:对先天性软腭裂的患者实施该术式整复,能较好地恢复腭咽闭合功能,是较为理想的手术整复方法之一。     

组织补片在腭裂修复术软组织缺损中的应用

目的：探索一种软腭有效延长的新方法。方法：7例腭裂患者应用口腔组织补片植入鼻腔侧菱形创面,观察伤口愈合情况。结果：7例患者伤口均一期愈合,术后13d及63d鼻咽显微镜检查可见口腔组织补片全部成活,未见明显挛缩。结论：口腔组织补片的植入可去除或减少腭裂修复术中产生的鼻腔侧菱形创面愈合后的瘢痕,保证软腭延长的效果,有利于恢复语音功能。     

纳米羟基磷灰石修复牙槽突裂的实验研究

目的：观察纳米羟基磷灰石（nano-HA）修复牙槽突裂的愈合过程,研究其修复牙槽突裂的可行性。方法：40只雄性日本大白兔随机平均分成nano-HA和HA两组。每只动物的两侧下颌骨均外科形成类似牙槽突裂样缺损。2个月后各组动物分别以上述两种材料充填修复牙槽突裂。于2周、4周、8周、12周和24周处死动物,采用组织学、组织形态学等方法观察样本。结果：组织学检查发现,术后2、4、8周时nano-HA组骨痂形成与改建早于对照组。术后第12周,nano-HA组材料已基本吸收,HA组材料未吸收。术后第24周,nano-HA组新骨平均丧失高度为修复高度的124％,结论：nann-HA是牙槽突裂修复习的良好生物材料。