银杏叶提取物EGb 761对失神经骨骼肌Na+-K+-ATP酶活性的影响

目的观察银杏叶提取物(ginkgo biloba extract,EGb 761)对失神经肌肉Na+-K+-ATP酶活性的影响.方法选用SD大鼠16只,按术后注射药物的不同随机分为银杏叶提取物组(实验组)和生理盐水组(对照组).显露左侧坐骨神经,切断并切除0.5 cm神经段.分别将神经远、近端反折后结扎.术后两组分别经腹腔注射EGb 761(100 mg/kg-1*d-1)和同体积的生理盐水.术后6周取左侧小腿三头肌,测定其Na+-K+-ATP酶活性.结果实验组失神经肌肉Na+-K+-ATP酶的活性优于对照组,两者差异有显著性意义(t= 2.51,P < 0.05).结论银杏叶提取物能改善大鼠失神经骨骼肌Na+-K+-ATP酶的活性,表明其对失神经肌萎缩有一定的保护作用.     

肾茶提取物对实验动物循环系统药理作用的研究

目的考察肾茶提取物对麻醉犬循环系统的影响。方法以肾茶提取物48.0、144.0、432.0mg/kg三种剂量经十二指肠给药,用生理记录仪记录给药前后相关指标的变化,考察其对循环系统的影响。结果肾茶提取物对麻醉犬Ⅱ导联心电图各主要波形（如QRS间期、P-R间期、T波振幅及ST段偏移）及心率均无明显影响;给药90min和120min时,麻醉犬血压有显著下降。结论肾茶提取物仅对麻醉犬的血压有暂时的降低作用。     

比较不同剂量舍尼通在防止良性前列腺增生疾病进程中的作用

目的:比较服用不同剂量舍尼通在防止BPH疾病进程的疗效和安全性。方法:将国际前列腺症状评分(IPSS)>7的用舍尼通治疗的BPH患者240例分成两组。试验组120例为口服舍尼通750mg/次,2次/d;对照组120例为口服舍尼通375mg/次,2次/d,疗程均为4年。观察2组治疗前后IPSS、前列腺体积、剩余尿、最大尿流率(Qmax)、血清前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)的变化,以及尿潴留和接受外科治疗的发生率。结果:试验组治疗前IP-SS为(20.1±4.1)分,前列腺体积为(37.8±12.5)ml,剩余尿为(42.5±6.6)ml,Qmax为(10.0±3.5)ml/s。试验组治疗4年后IPSS为(10.5±5.6)分,前列腺体积为(29.2±9.5)ml,剩余尿为(15.2±3.1)ml,Qmax为(16.2±4.5)ml/s。对照组治疗前IPSS为(19.2±3.8)分,前列腺体积为(37.1±11.9)ml,剩余尿为(41.8±6.1)ml,Qmax为(10.2±3.8)ml/s。对照组用药4年后IPSS为(14.9±4.3)分,前列腺体积为(34.7±9.8)ml,剩余尿为(25.6±4.6)ml,Qmax为(13.5±4.1)ml/s。试验组比对照组IPSS、前列腺体积、剩余尿、Qmax改善更明显(P<0.0001)。与治疗前比,IPSS试验组在治疗3个月后[(16.7±3.9)分,P<0.0001],对照组在6个月后[(17.6±3.3)分,P=0.0010)有改善。前列腺体积试验组在治疗1年后[(15.6±3.2)ml,P=0.0487]有改善,对照组4年时[(25.6±4.6)ml,P=0.1040]仍无改善。剩余尿试验组[(38.7±6.1)ml,P<0.0001]与对照组[(40.2±5.5)ml,P=0.0422]在治疗3个月后都有改善。Qmax试验组在治疗6个月后[(13.2±4.1)ml/s,P<0.0001],对照组在9个月后[(12.0±3.7)ml/s,P=0.0005]有改善。尿潴留发生数试验组(5人次)比对照组(16人次)低(P=0.0147)。接受外科治疗的发生数更低试验组(2人次)比对照组(8人次)低(P=0.0462)。试验组PSA治疗前为(4.5±3.3)ng/ml,治疗后为(4.1±2.9)ng/ml,二者无明显变化(P=0.3496)。对照组PSA治疗前为(4.6±2.9)ng/ml,治疗后为(4.3±2.1)ng/ml,二者无明显变化(P=0.3805)。试验组和对照组均无发生舍尼通引起药物不良反应。结论:长期采用舍尼通750mg/次剂量治疗比375mg/次剂量改善BPH所导致的症状更快、更显著,在防止良性前列腺增生疾病进展上也更好,且无明显不良反应。     

蚯蚓提取物治疗肾实质性高血压的研究

目的 :探讨蚯蚓提取物治疗肾实质性高血压的效果及其疗效的机理。方法 :对合并高血压 18例原发性肾小球疾病和 16例终末期肾衰患者给予口服蚯蚓提取物 15 0mg/次 ,每日 3次 ,连服 14d ,每天测定血压的变化 ,并在治疗前后取血测定血浆ET - 1的含量。结果 :肾小球疾病患者血浆ET - 1含量与平均动脉压成正比 (P <0 0 5 ) ,口服蚯蚓提取物治疗后 ,平均动脉压较治疗前明显降低 (P <0 0 1) ,同时血浆ET - 1的含量测定值也明显降低(P <0 0 0 1) ,结论 :口服蚯蚓提取物具有降血压作用 ,其疗效机理可能与降低肾小球病患者血浆内皮素含量有关     

Protective effect of Pumpkin seed extract on sperm characteristics,biochemical parameters and epididymal histology in adult male rats treated with Cyclophosphamide

Cancer treatment with cyclophosphamide (CP) may result in reproductive toxicity as one of its side effects. The pumpkin seed is a rich natural source of antioxidant. We have assessed the possible protective efficacy of pumpkin seed extract on sperm characteristics, biochemical parameters and epididymal histology of CP‐treated rats. Male adult Wistar rats were categorised into four groups. Group 1 served as control and received intraperitoneal (IP) injection of isotonic saline solution. Group 2 rats were treated with CP by IP injection in a single dose of 100 mg/kg body weight, only once. Group 3 and 4 received CP plus 300 and 600 mg/kg pumpkin seed extract respectively. Six weeks after treatment, sperm characteristics, biochemical parameters and histopathological changes were examined. Results showed that, sperm characteristics in CP‐treated rats were significantly decreased. Biochemical analysis results showed that the co‐administration of 300 mg pumpkin seed extract could increase the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) level significantly. In CP‐treated rats, histopathological changes such as vacuolisation, disorganisation and separation of epididymal epithelium were observed as well. Interestingly, pumpkin seed extract could improve the above‐mentioned parameters remarkably in CP‐treated rats. Our findings indicated that pumpkin seed extract might be used as protective agent against CP‐induced reproductive toxicity.     

Effect of Human Placental Extract Treatment on Random-Pattern Skin Flap Survival in Rats

Background: Human placental extract (HPE), prepared from the placentas of healthy, postpartum females, displays various physiological activities, including antioxidative properties. In this study, a dorsal skin flap model was used to investigate the effect of HPE on flap viability in rats. Materials and methods: Forty male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent random-pattern skin flap surgeries. The animals were randomly divided among a control group and three treatment groups (localized injection (LI), 10 mg/kg/d localized HPE injections; low-dose treatment (LT), 10 mg/kg/d systemic HPE injections; high-dose treatment (HT), 40 mg/kg/d systemic HPE injections). Surviving skin flap areas were measured 7 days after surgery and tissue samples were stained with hematoxylin and eosin; vascular endothelial growth factor expression was determined immunohistochemically. To evaluate the antioxidant and antiapoptotic effects of HPE, malondialdehyde, glutathione peroxidase, and caspase-3 levels were examined. Results: Seven days after surgery, HPE-treated animals had significantly reduced necrotic areas, rats receiving the highest HPE dose demonstrated the greatest flap survival. In the HPE groups, the histopathological scores were lower than for the control group. Immunohistochemistry showed markedly more numerous vascular endothelial growth factor-positive cells in the HT group than in the C group. Malondialdehyde levels were significantly lower and glutathione peroxidase levels were higher in the HT group than in the C group. HPE treatment significantly inhibited apoptosis by lowering caspase-3 activity. Conclusions: HPE treatment yielded positive effects on flap survival, due to its antioxidant and antiapoptotic properties. These results suggest a new therapeutic approach for enhancing flap viability and accelerating wound repair.     

垫状卷柏提取物诱导凋亡抗肿瘤作用研究

目的 研究垫状卷柏提取物抗肿瘤作用及相关机制。方法 采用皮下接种H22肝癌细胞株构建小鼠H22肝癌移植瘤模型,随机分为对照组（生理盐水）、5-FU组（30 mg/kg）、垫状卷柏提取物（SP）高、低剂量组（189、63 mg/kg）,连续灌胃15 d。观察小鼠肿瘤生长情况,计算抑瘤率及肝、脾、胸腺指数;TUNEL法观察肿瘤组织细胞凋亡,Western blot测定凋亡相关蛋白的表达,qPCR检测Bax mRNA和Bcl-2 mRNA。结果 与对照组比较,SP高、低剂量组小鼠体质量及肝、脾、胸腺指数均无显著差异;SP高、低剂量组小鼠的肿瘤质量均显著降低,呈现较高抑瘤率（P<0.01）,且高剂量组与5-FU组相近;经TUNEL染色法观察,可见明显凋亡形态改变。qPCR检测表明,SP显著上调Bax mRNA的表达,下调Bcl-2 mRNA的表达。Western blot结果显示SP处理后,Bax、cytochrome c及cleaved caspase-3,caspase-8和caspase-9的表达显著上调（P<0.01）,Bcl-2表达明显减弱,呈剂量依赖性。结论 SP有效抑制H22小鼠体内肿瘤生长,其机制与激活caspase诱导凋亡相关。      

海口市烟草流行状况及其影响因素分析

目的 了解和掌握海口市烟草流行状况,为有针对性地开展控烟干预提供依据。方法 采用分层多阶段整群抽样法,抽取海口市15岁以上常住居民作为调查对象。采用入户,由调查员使用掌上电脑面对面询问的方式开展调查。结果 海口市15岁以上常住居民现在吸烟率为21.76%,不同地区之间现在吸烟率差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。不同性别、城乡、年龄、文化程度及职业人群之间现在吸烟率差异有统计学意义（P均<0.05）;进行多因素Logistics回归分析显示,海口市15岁以上常住居民现在吸烟率的主要影响因素是男性、25~<45岁人群、初中文化、高中/中专文化、农林牧渔水利业生产人员、企业商业服务业工作人员以及未就业人员;海口市市民对电子烟的知晓率和使用率相对较低（分别为22.36%和0.72%）。非吸烟者一周中暴露于二手烟的比率是67.41%。结论 海口市现在吸烟率低于全国、全省平均水平,但部分群体吸烟率仍然较高,开展控烟干预应侧重吸烟率较高群体;海口市二手烟暴露较为严重,应加强公共交通工具、公共场所和工作场所的控烟工作。