选择性低位结扎胸导管预防食管癌术后乳糜胸

目的探讨选择性低位结扎胸导管预防食管癌术后乳糜胸的发生。方法根据食管癌术后并发乳糜胸的原因,总结低位结扎胸导管预防食管癌术后乳糜胸的适应证,选择40例食管癌根治术患者进行选择性行低位集束结扎胸导管。术前3～4h服用牛奶200ml,或植物油50ml,或经胃管注入橄榄油等。结果全组术后无一例发生乳糜胸。结论对于食管癌手术预防乳糜胸选择适当的适应证及掌握胸导管结扎的方法进行预防性结扎胸导管取得较好的临床效果。     

膈上胸导管结扎术在食管癌切除术中的应用

目的探讨胸导管结扎术对食管癌术后乳糜胸的预防和治疗作用。方法回顾性分析我院2003年1月至2009年6月的两组共836例食管癌切除术后的乳糜胸发生情况和治疗效果。其中结扎组431例,术中常规在膈上水平整块结扎胸导管,非结扎组405例,术中未常规结扎胸导管,术后并发乳糜胸者,再次采用手术治疗。结果结扎组无术后乳糜胸发生。非结扎组术后发生乳糜胸15例（3．7％）,治愈13例（86．7％）,死亡2例（13．3％）,1例死于呼吸功能衰竭,1例死于多器官功能衰竭。结论食管癌切除术中常规结扎胸导管可有效预防术后乳糜胸的发生。膈上胸导管结扎法稳妥有效。食管癌术后并发乳糜胸应积极手术治疗。     

食管癌术后并发乳糜胸患者的护理

目的总结16例食管癌患者术后并发乳糜胸的护理体会。方法回顾性分析本院2006年3月～2011年3月16例食管癌术后并发乳糜胸患者的临床资料,并总结护理要点。结果14例采用保守治疗,行胸腔闭式引流术;2例采用左胸横膈上低位胸导管结扎术后行胸腔闭式引流术。所有患者经对症治疗和护理后痊愈出院。结论乳糜胸是食管癌术后严重的并发症,护理人员应严密观察病情,及时发现病情变化,并给予针对性的治疗和护理措施,其对食管癌术后并发乳糜胸的恢复具有重要的意义。     

胸腔镜术与开胸术治疗术后乳糜胸回顾性对比分析

目的探讨电视胸腔镜术治疗术后乳糜胸的临床价值。方法回顾性对比分析11例术后乳糜胸病人施行胸导管结扎术的临床资料，其中6例行开胸手术（开胸组），5例行VATS（VATS组）。结果所有病例均顺利完成胸导管结扎术，VATS组的手术时间明显较开胸组延长（P〈0．05），术中出血量明显少于开胸组（P〈0．05），手术切口的愈合时间（P〈0．05）、术后住院时间（P〈0．05）均较开胸组明显缩短。术后疼痛评分（P〈0．05）、术后强止痛药（吗啡）用量（P〈0．05）明显少于开胸组，胸管引流时间（P〉0．05）、胸管引流量（P〉0．05）、血常规恢复至正常时间（P〉0．05）两组差异无显著性，两组均无术中、术后并发症，随访6-12个月，随访率100％，均无复发。结论电视胸腔镜手术治疗术后乳糜胸疗效确切，具有创伤小、出血少、疼痛轻、术后切口愈合快和住院时间短等优点．为治疗术后乳糜胸的首选方法。     

Successful Treatment of Chylothorax and Chylopericardium by Radiotherapy in Lung Cancer

A 58-year-old man was diagnosed with stage IVB lung adenocarcinoma in the right upper lobe and underwent systemic chemotherapy. Seven months after the diagnosis, large left pleural and pericardial effusion was detected. The patient developed both chylothorax and chylopericardium following superior vena cava (SVC) obstruction with mediastinal lymphadenopathy caused by lung carcinoma. Since conservative treatment of the chyle leakage was ineffective, we administered radiotherapy to treat the SVC obstruction and mediastinal lymphadenopathy. After radiotherapy, the chylothorax and chylopericardium gradually resolved, and no further chyle leaks were identified on follow-up computed tomography. This case indicates that radiotherapy can be used to ameliorate lung cancer-related chylothorax and chylopericardium.     

颈清扫术后乳糜瘘和乳糜胸的诊断和治疗

目的：探讨颈清扫术后颈乳糜瘘及乳糜胸的发生原因、治疗方法。方法：34颈部乳糜瘘者采用颈部加压包扎＋负压引流,4例在保守治疗无效后,改为手术探查结扎瘘口或胸导管。2例乳糜胸行保守治疗,1例保守治疗无效开胸结扎胸导管。结果：34例颈部乳糜瘘采用颈部加压包扎＋负压引流后,30例痊愈,4例失败后经手术治疗痊愈,平均愈合时间10．2天（3-15天）。两例乳糜胸经保守治疗痊愈,1例保守治疗无效开胸结扎胸导管治愈。结论：颈部乳糜瘘和乳糜胸是少见的淋巴结清扫术后并发症,大多可以保守治疗治愈。     

Persistent chylothorax associated with lymphatic malformation type 6 due to biallelic pathogenic variants in PIEZO1

PIEZO1 is required for lymphatic valve formation, and several lymphatic abnormalities have been reported to be associated with autosomal recessive PIEZO1 pathogenic variants including neonatal hydrops, lymphedema involving various body regions, and chylothorax. Persistent or recurrent chylothorax has been infrequently described in association with pathogenic variants in the PIEZO1 gene. We present a 4-year-old female with bilateral pleural effusions detected prenatally, who was diagnosed with bilateral chylothoraces post-partum. She subsequently had recurrent pleural effusions involving both pleural cavities, which tended to improve with restriction of her fat intake, and, one occasion, subcutaneous octreotide. She also had bilateral calf, and intermittent cheek swelling. Genetic testing revealed two deleterious variants in PIEZO1: c.2330-2_2330-1del and c.3860G > A (p.Trp1287*), both of which were classified as likely pathogenic. This supported a diagnosis of Lymphatic Malformation Type 6 (OMIM 616843), also known as Hereditary Lymphedema Type III. Hereditary Lymphedema type III can be associated with persistent chylothorax that can vary in size over time.     

99Tcm-右旋糖酐淋巴显像诊断乳糜胸

目的 探讨⁹⁹Tc^m-右旋糖酐(DX)淋巴显像诊断乳糜胸的价值。方法 回顾性分析95例实验室检查证实单侧胸腔积液甘油三酯含量高于1.24 mmol/L而临床诊断乳糜胸患者的⁹⁹Tc^m-DX淋巴显像资料，观察双下肢淋巴引流、胸导管及静脉角区放射性分布及患侧胸腔有无异常放射性分布。结果 95例中，43例(43/95,45.26%)下肢淋巴回流正常，36例(36/95,37.89%)淋巴回流缓慢，16例(16/95,16.84%)肢体淋巴水肿；41例(41/95,43.16%)胸导管出口梗阻，表现为左静脉角持续或增宽显影、显像剂异常反流或双侧静脉角显影；89例(89/95,93.68%)患侧胸腔内放射性异常增高，其中2例(2/95,2.11%)见可疑乳糜漏出点，6例(6/95,6.32%)胸腔内未见明显异常放射性分布。结论 ⁹⁹Tc^m-DX淋巴显像有助于诊断乳糜胸。