肺癌根治术后乳糜胸发生的相关因素分析

目的 综合评价肺癌根治术后乳糜胸的诊治及疗效.方法 回顾性分析肺癌根治患者1473例的临床资料,并发乳糜胸者36例,分析乳糜胸发生的相关临床因素及临床特征.结果 肺癌根治术后乳糜胸发生率为2.4％;乳糜胸组的男性(83.3％)、吸烟史(75.0％)、肺部疾病史(41.7％)、糖尿病史(44.4％)、鳞癌(55.6％)、...     

结缔组织病合并乳糜性胸腹腔积液5例并文献复习

目的总结分析5例结缔组织病合并乳糜胸腹腔积液患者的临床特点。方法收集并分析首都医科大学附属北京世纪坛医院2002年1月至2013年1月确诊的5例结缔组织病合并乳糜胸腹腔积液患者的临床表现、辅助检查及治疗转归等资料。结果5例患者均为女性,年龄31—68岁,平均45．8岁;结缔组织病合并乳糜性胸腹腔积液的病程为1～12个月,平均5．6个月。5例患者中系统性红斑狼疮患者3例,系统性硬化症患者1例,未分化结缔组织病患者1例。5例淋巴系统受累患者中,4例为乳糜性胸腹腔积液,1例为乳糜性胸腔积液。5例患者中4例给予糖皮质激素治疗,2例联合免疫抑制剂治疗,2例患者临床症状明显缓解。结论结缔组织病合并乳糜胸腹腔积液罕见,应引起风湿科医生的重视,早期干预,积极治疗,改善患者的生活质量及预后。     

Clinical characteristics of systemic lupus erythematosus with chylothorax and/or chylous ascites: An analysis of 15 cases in China

This analysis of clinical data from systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients with chylothorax and/or chylous ascites was conducted to guide further clinical work.From June 2008 to June 2019, 15 SLE patients (14 females and 1 male) with chylothorax and/or chylous ascites were hospitalized at the Beijing Shijitan Hospital. Sixty SLE patients without chylothorax and chylous ascites were randomly selected as controls. Patients’^, clinical data was investigated.The mean age of onset of chylothorax and/or chylous ascites in patients with SLE was 35.7 ± 3.7 years (range, 15–69 years). The mean disease duration of chylothorax and/or chylous ascites in patients with SLE was 13.7 ± 3.4 months (range, 1–48 months). Patients with chylothorax and/or chylous ascites were always diagnosed at later stages of SLE compared with the controls. Among cases, glomerulonephritis and hematologic system involvement were the most common complications. Anti-Sjogren''s syndrome antigen A antibody was positive in 7 cases (46.7%). Among cases, direct lymphangiography was performed in 13 patients, indicating thoracic duct outlet obstruction or a poor backflow at the terminal of the thoracic duct. Subsequently, 13 patients were treated with corticosteroids, combined with immunosuppressants in 11 patients and thoracic duct surgery in 6 patients. Eleven patients were followed up for 0.5 to 7.0 years. One patient died of infection. Eight patients (53.3%) achieved remission.Chylothorax and/or chylous ascites are rare complications of SLE. An early diagnosis and timely initiation of glucocorticoids, immunosuppressants, and surgery are critical to relieve symptoms and to improve prognosis.     

THE TREATMENT OF CHYLOTHORAX

Objectives. To understand and grasp the diagnosis and treatment of chylothorax caused by various reasons. Method. The treatment results of 31 cases of chylothorax in PUMC hospital from 1963 ～ 1997 were retrospectively analyzed. Results. Among 31 cases, 18 underwent surgery, 14 of 18 were cured, 2 died. In the 13 treated conservatively, 2 were cured, 3 died. Eleven cases were congenital, iatrogenic and traumatic chylothorax, 8 of them received surgical treatment and 6 of 8 were cured. The spontaneous chylothorax of unknown cause were 10 cases, 7 were treated by smgeiy and 6 were cured. Conclusion. Surgical intervention should be aggressively recommended for the traumatic, congenital, and iatro-genic chylothorax. The definite reason must be found out for the spontaneous chylothorax, corresponding management will be given according to the reason. Surgical ligation of the thoracic duct will contribute good result for the chyloflm-rax of unknown cause, but combination of multiple treatment measures will be neccssmy for a successful management.     

核素淋巴显像诊断乳糜胸腹水

目的 :评估核素淋巴显像定性及定位诊断乳糜胸腹水的价值。材料和方法 :回顾性总结 5 7名拟诊为乳糜胸腹水患者共 79例次的淋巴显像 ,分析图像特点 ,并与其他影像学检查手段进行比较。结果 :5 7例患者的首次显像中 32例为阳性 ,2 1例基本可以确定漏出部位 ,7例随访患者的多次显像结果与临床表现及其他影像学检查基本一致。该方法定性诊断的灵敏度为 82 % ,特异性为 10 0 % ,准确性为 88%。结论 :淋巴显像对乳糜胸腹水的定性及定位有重要作用 ,并能为病因诊断提供线索 ,同时也是评估治疗效果的可靠方法     

Surgery technique: preventive ligation of the thoracic duct during esophagectomy for cancer

Chylothorax is a rare but life-threatening complication of esophagectomy for cancer. Elective ligation of the thoracic duct above the diaphragm does not suppress completely the risk of chylothorax due to possible trauma of the thoracic duct wall at the level of ligation, or incomplete ligation in case of anatomic variation. This study describes a technique of preventive ligation "en block" with surrounding tissues in order to minimize the risk of chylothorax following oesophagectomy, whatever performed transthoracically or through transhiatal approach.     

Chylothorax in a twin pregnancy of 34 weeks — sonographically diagnosed

In a twin pregnancy of 34 gestational weeks sonographic follow-up revealed a rapidly spreading hydrothorax in one twin and slight ascites in the other. Analysis of aspirated fluid by intrauterine needle puncture suggested a Chylothorax. Pathogenesis of Chylothorax is discussed. Differential diagnosis of hydrothorax is presented. Intrauterine puncture is the only method of achieving prenatal diagnosis and therapy.     

Early thoracic duct ligation for postoperative chylothorax

Four cases of postoperative chylothorax occurring at this institution over the past 5 years, as well as an extensive review of the world literature, are presented. Of the four cases, three occurred after resection of carcinoma of the lung and one after resection of recurrent chondrosarcoma of the chest wall. These patients were treated nonoperatively for varying periods of time ranging from 2 days to nearly 3 weeks. Subsequently, all patients underwent ligation of the thoracic duct. Early reoperation for ligation of the thoracic duct resulted in no morbidity or mortality. In one case of delayed thoracic duct ligation, after an attempt at ligation of minor lymphatic vessels, the single mortality occurred. In view of the experience with these patients and that reported in the literature, we propose that not only is thoracic duct ligation superior to nonoperative management, but that it should be undertaken without delay. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Malignancy-associated chylothorax: a 20-year study of 18 patients from a single institution

TENG C‐L., LI K‐W., YU J‐T., HSU S‐L., WANG R‐C. & HWANG W‐L. (2012) European Journal of Cancer Care 21 , 599–605 Malignancy‐associated chylothorax: a 20‐year study of 18 patients from a single institution Malignancy‐associated chylothorax is a rare manifestation with uncertain characteristics and clinical significance. We segregated 18 patients into malignant lymphoma (n= 11) and solid malignancy (n= 7) groups to analyse the characteristics, treatment response and prognostic value of malignancy‐associated chylothorax. Diagnosis of chylothorax was confirmed by a triglyceride concentration of >110 mg/dL or by the presence of chylomicrons in the pleural effusion. Concentrations of glucose, protein and lactate dehydrogenase did not differ significantly between the malignant lymphoma and solid malignancy groups. Although not statistically significant (P= 0.25), 90.9% malignant lymphoma patients and 57.1% solid malignancy patients had exudates. The cytology diagnostic rate in the malignant lymphoma and solid malignancy groups was 20.0% and 33.3% respectively (P > 0.99). After chemotherapy, six malignant lymphoma patients achieved complete remission, with simultaneous chylothorax disappearance. The overall survival rate at 12 and 24 months in the malignant lymphoma group was 54.5% and 36.4% respectively, while that in the solid malignancy group was 35.7% and 0% respectively. Malignant lymphoma was the chief cause of chylothorax in our cohort. Effective lymphoma treatment, lacking supplementary interventions, is essential for treating chylothorax in malignant lymphoma patients. Chylothorax indicates extremely limited life expectancy for solid malignancy patients.