沙眼衣原体隐匿质粒编码蛋白的表达及其相互作用

目的 分析沙眼衣原体隐匿质粒编码蛋白的相互作用.方法 采用基因克隆的方法将沙眼衣原体质粒基因pgp1～4及pgp8分别克隆到pRAC和pRBR上,通过转录激活细菌双杂交系统分析蛋白相互作用.结果 Western blot结果显示Pgp1、Pgp3与大肠杆菌RpoA氨基末端功能区(α-NTD)融合蛋白及Pgp1、Pgp3、Pgp4与DNA结合蛋白λCI融合蛋白,能在大肠杆菌中表达.在报告菌株中,共表达与α-NTD融合的Pgp3蛋白(α-Pgp3)及与λCI融合的Pgp3蛋白(CI-Pgp3),导致报告基因产物β-半乳糖苷酶的活性升高.而余无明显变化.结论 pgp3编码的Pgp3能与自身相互作用.     

Is There a Weekly Pattern for Health Searches on Wikipedia and Is the Pattern Unique to Health Topics?

Background

Online health information–seeking behaviors have been reported to be more common at the beginning of the workweek. This behavior pattern has been interpreted as a kind of “healthy new start” or “fresh start” due to regrets or attempts to compensate for unhealthy behavior or poor choices made during the weekend. However, the observations regarding the most common health information–seeking day were based only on the analyses of users’ behaviors with websites on health or on online health-related searches. We wanted to confirm if this pattern could be found in searches of Wikipedia on health-related topics and also if this search pattern was unique to health-related topics or if it could represent a more general pattern of online information searching—which could be of relevance even beyond the health sector.

Objective

The aim was to examine the degree to which the search pattern described previously was specific to health-related information seeking or whether similar patterns could be found in other types of information-seeking behavior.

Methods

We extracted the number of searches performed on Wikipedia in the Norwegian language for 911 days for the most common sexually transmitted diseases (chlamydia, gonorrhea, herpes, human immunodeficiency virus [HIV], and acquired immune deficiency syndrome [AIDS]), other health-related topics (influenza, diabetes, and menopause), and 2 nonhealth-related topics (footballer Lionel Messi and pop singer Justin Bieber). The search dates were classified according to the day of the week and ANOVA tests were used to compare the average number of hits per day of the week.

Results

The ANOVA tests showed that the sexually transmitted disease queries had their highest peaks on Tuesdays (P<.001) and the fewest searches on Saturdays. The other health topics also showed a weekly pattern, with the highest peaks early in the week and lower numbers on Saturdays (P<.001). Footballer Lionel Messi had the highest mean number of hits on Tuesdays and Wednesdays, whereas pop singer Justin Bieber had the most hits on Tuesdays. Both these tracked search queries also showed significantly lower numbers on Saturdays (P<.001).

Conclusions

Our study supports prior studies finding an increase in health information searching at the beginning of the workweek. However, we also found a similar pattern for 2 randomly chosen nonhealth-related terms, which may suggest that the search pattern is not unique to health-related searches. The results are potentially relevant beyond the field of health and our preliminary findings need to be further explored in future studies involving a broader range of nonhealth-related searches.     

解脲支原体、沙眼衣原体感染与男性不育关系病例对照的Meta分析

目的采用Meta分析的方法探讨解脲支原体、沙眼衣原体感染与男性不育的关系.方法采用计算机检索和手工检索相结合的方法,检索2011年12月以前的PUBMED, EMBASE,Cochrane图书馆,CNKI,CBMdisc等国内外数据库,查找解脲支原体、沙眼衣原体感染与男性不育关系的病例对照研究.由两位研究者按照纳入与排除标准进行资料提取和质量评价后,采用RevMan 5.0软件对各研究进行数据合并与分析.结果(1)共纳入5个符合要求的病例对照研究,共包括1068例患者;(2)对所纳入的研究进行质量评分,结果质量均4分.(3)单纯解脲支原体感染OR合并值为3.29[95%CI(2.24,4.82),P<0.00001],两组差别有统计学意义;(4)单纯沙眼衣原体感染OR合并值为3.43[95%CI(1.92,6.14),P<0.0001],两组差别有统计学意义;(5)解脲支原体合并沙眼衣原体感染OR合并值为4.64[95%CI(1.90,11.37),P=0.0008],两组差别有统计学意义;结论无论是解脲支原体感染,还是沙眼衣原体感染都是影响男性不育的显著危险因素,而当两者合并感染时更易导致男性不育.由于纳入的研究存在选择性偏倚和发表性偏倚的可能性.期待更多进行高质量的相关对照试验,以提供坚实、可靠的证据.     

慢性宫颈炎患者支原体和沙眼衣原体检测分析研究

目的探讨慢性宫颈炎患者支原体[解脲支原体（UU）、人型支原体（MH）]及沙眼衣原体（CT）感染情况及临床检测的意义,便于为临床治疗提供参考依据。方法回顾性分析2010年2月至2013年1月女性科门诊收治的420例慢性宫颈炎患者所实施的培养法检测UU、MH及免疫层析法检测cT等药敏试验的有关资料。结果本研究结果显示,在所有慢性宫颈炎患者中,UU检出共计197例,阳性检出率为46．9％;MH检出共计84例,阳性检出率为20．0％;CT检出共计146例,阳性检出率为34．8％;混合感染共检出53例,感染阳性率为12．6％。观察可见UU的检出率明显高于CT及MH的检出率。结论支原体和沙眼衣原体在慢性宫颈炎患者中检出率较高,故采用敏感或特异的技术检测支原体和沙眼衣原体,可有助于指导临床合理用药及慢性宫颈炎患者得到及时有效的治疗。     

广州地区女性不同人群沙眼衣原体感染调查及危险因素分析

目的 调查广州地区不同人群女性泌尿生殖道沙眼衣原体(CT)感染情况,分析CT感染的危险因素.方法 由医护人员组成性病艾滋病高危人群干预队,为目标人群提供性病防治知识讲座、问卷调查,发放健康处方和安全套,采集生殖道拭子用于萘瑟氏淋球菌(GC)、CT、解脲/人型支原体(UU/MH)等的常规检测.结果 共问卷调查788人,对715人采集了宫颈拭子.CT总感染率为10.5%(75/715),其中流动人口育龄妇女、妇科门诊就诊者、暗娼的CT感染率分别为6.4%(15/234),11.1%(31/279),14.4%(29/202),各组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).CT合并GC、UU/MH、单纯疱疹病毒Ⅱ型(HSV-2)、粘液脓性宫颈炎(MPC)感染者分别为5.3%、57.3%、36.0%、32.0%.暗娼中CT合并GC、HSV-2、MPC感染者分别为10.3%、51.7%、27.6%.CT感染与20岁以前发生性行为、未婚、配偶从事商业服务业、中重度宫颈炎以及每周性生活频率超过3次等5个因素有关.固定人群因素后发现,首次性生活年龄越早、口服避孕药为危险因素.结论 性工作者是性病行为干预的重点,减少性生活频率,加强青少年禁欲宣传有助于减少CT感染的流行.     

The Influence of Two Different Invitation Letters on Chlamydia Testing Participation: Randomized Controlled Trial

Background

In the Netherlands, screening for chlamydia (the most prevalent sexually transmitted infection worldwide) is a relatively simple and free procedure. Via an invitation letter sent by the public health services (PHS), people are asked to visit a website to request a test kit. They can then do a chlamydia test at home, send it anonymously to a laboratory, and, within two weeks, they can review their test results online and be treated by their general practitioner or the PHS. Unfortunately, the participation rates are low and the process is believed to be not (cost-) effective.

Objective

The objective of this study was to assess whether the low participation rate of screening for chlamydia at home, via an invitation letter asking to visit a website and request a test kit, could be improved by optimizing the invitation letter through systematically applied behavior change theories and evidence.

Methods

The original letter and a revised letter were randomly sent out to 13,551 citizens, 16 to 29 years old, in a Dutch municipality. Using behavior change theories, the revised letter sought to increase motivation to conduct chlamydia screening tests. The revised letter was tailored to beliefs that were found in earlier studies: risk perception, advantages and disadvantages (attitude), moral norm, social influence, and response- and self-efficacy. Revisions to the new letter also sought to avoid possible unwanted resistance caused when people feel pressured, and included prompts to trigger the desired behavior.

Results

No significant differences in test package requests were found between the two letters. There were also no differences between the original and revised letters in the rates of returned tests (11.80%, 581/4922 vs 11.07%, 549/4961) or positive test results (4.8%, 23/484 vs 4.1%, 19/460). It is evident that the new letter did not improve participation compared to the original letter.

Conclusions

It is clear that the approach of inviting the target population through a letter does not lead to higher participation rates for chlamydia screening. Other approaches have to be developed and pilot tested.     

Tweet Content Related to Sexually Transmitted Diseases: No Joking Matter

Background

Online social media, such as the microblogging site Twitter, have become a space for speedy exchange of information regarding sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), presenting a potential risk environment for how STDs are portrayed. Examining the types of “tweeters” (users who post messages on Twitter) and the nature of “tweet” messages is important for identifying how information related to STDs is posted in online social media.

Objective

The intent of the study was to describe the types of message emitters on Twitter in relation to two different STDs—chlamydia and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)—as well as the nature of content tweeted, including how seriously the topic was treated.

Methods

We used the Twitter search engine to look for tweets posted worldwide from August 1-7, 2013, and from September 1-7, 2013, containing the words “chlamydia” or “HIV”, and the hashtags “#chlamydia” or “#HIV”. Tweeters were classified by two independent reviewers according to the type of avatar of the user (human, logo, or fantasy), the identification of the emitter (identifiable, semi-identifiable, or non-identifiable), and the source (private company, general media, scientific media, non-governmental, individual account, academic institution, government department, or undefined). Tweet messages were also independently classified according to their nature (serious or jokes/funny), and whether their main message was factual or of a personal nature/experience.

Results

A total of 694 tweets were posted by 426 different users during the first 7 days of August and September, containing the hashtags and/or simple words “chlamydia” and/or “HIV”. Jokes or funny tweets were more frequently posted by individual users (89%, 66/74), with a human avatar (81%, 60/74), from a non-identifiable user (72%, 53/74), and they were most frequently related to chlamydia (76%, 56/74). Serious tweets were most frequently posted by the general media (20.6%, 128/620), using a logo avatar (66.9%, 415/620), and with identifiable accounts (85.2%, 528/620). No government departments, non-governmental organizations, scientific media, or academic institutions posted a joke on STDs. A total of 104 of these analyzed tweets were re-tweeted messages, belonging to 68 unique tweets. The content was serious (99%, 67/68), factual (90%, 52/58), and about HIV (85%, 58/68).

Conclusions

Social media such as Twitter may be an important source of information regarding STDs provided that the topic is presented appropriately. Reassuringly, the study showed that almost 9/10 of tweets on STDs (chlamydia and HIV) were of serious content, and many of the tweets that were re-tweeted were facts. The jokes that were tweeted were mainly about chlamydia, and posted by non-identifiable emitters. We believe social media should be used to an even larger extent to disseminate correct information about STDs.     

不育男性生殖道沙眼衣原体感染对精子核DNA碎片化指数的影响

目的探讨不育男性生殖道沙眼衣原体感染对精子核DNA碎片化指数的影响。方法选择2017年1月至2017年5月在成都市锦江区妇幼保健院生殖医学中心(成都西囡妇科医院)门诊初诊的117例生殖道沙眼衣原体感染的不育男性(感染组)和92例体检正常的男性(对照组),对两组的精液常规参数及精子核DNA完整性(以精子核DNA碎片化指数DFI表示)检测结果进行回顾性分析。结果⑴感染组的精子浓度低于对照组,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.50);感染组的前向运动精子百分比低于对照组,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.20);⑵与对照组相比,感染组的精子DFI值显著升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论生殖道感染沙眼衣原体的男性不育患者的精子核DNA损伤程度明显高于未感染者。精子核DNA碎片化指数可能是评估男性精液质量的独立指标。     

沙眼衣原体隐蔽性质粒分子流行病学调查与分析

目的：调查分析广州地区泌尿生殖道感染沙眼衣原体隐蔽性质粒的分子流行病学。方法：设计合成隐蔽性质粒特定序列区域的特异性引物,半巢氏PCR扩增沙眼衣原体隐蔽性质粒DNA片段,同时结合ompl基因PCR扩增,比较分析质粒型。结果：143例沙眼衣原体ELISA检测阳性的标本,隐蔽性质粒内外引物扩增全部阳性,而ompl基因PCR扩增检出140例阳性。质粒分型为质粒完整型沙眼衣原体143株菌,未见质粒缺失型和无质粒型菌株。结论：广州地区尚未发现质粒变异型沙眼衣原体,有效地检测沙眼衣原体质粒分子流行病学状况对于实验室诊断和制定控制策略有重要的意义。     

813例STD患者4种病原体检测的分析

目的 了解目前STD患者中4例病原体感染的情况及特点。方法 采用NG直接涂片镜检、T-M培养、UU培养、CT快检法、RPR、TPHA法，对2260例可疑STD患者进行检测。结果 确诊STD813例。4种病原体感染者中，NG感染率（45.5%)明显高于其他3种病原体的感染率（CT26.3%,TP15.0%,UU13.2%)。结论 本组STD患者中，NG感染率最高，CT、TP感染率次之，UU感染率最低。