补肾健脾法结合针刺治疗糖尿病足临床观察

目的探讨补肾健脾法结合针刺对糖尿病足患者的疗效,为临床治疗提供佐证。方法选取沈阳市第七人民医院内分泌科100例糖尿病足患者,时间为2019年5月—2020年5月,按照随机数字表法分组,对照组50例采取临床传统方法进行治疗,试验组50例采取补肾健脾法结合局部针刺治疗,比较2组患者治疗后的生活质量,即患者社会功能评分、情感职能评分、生理机能评分、生理职能评分以及2组患者临床疗效。结果试验组患者治疗后社会功能评分、情感职能评分、生理机能评分、生理职能评分高于对照组患者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。试验组患者临床总有效率高于对照组患者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论对糖尿病足患者,采取补肾健脾法结合局部针刺的临床效果显著,可以改善患者临床症状,值得临床推广。     

精致教引导诚潜学——基于方剂学精品线下开放课程教改体会

积极响应校、省、国家教改要求,利用共享课程资源、开放式课程教育平台及智慧教学工具,以金课标准结合课程思政要求建设方剂学精品线下开放课程。教师从教改理念宣传、教学资源优化、教学过程设计、反馈交流指导方面全力打造精致课程,创建具有先进性、互动性、创新性的以学生为主的线上、线下混合式翻转课堂教学,引导学生端正态度潜心学习,实现知识、能力、情感素养的全面提升。     

Factors for Effective Identification of Patients at Nutritional Risk in Clinical Practice: Thematic Analysis of Qualitative Research

IntroductionDespite the high prevalence of malnutrition in patients at all levels of healthcare, early prevention and treatment of malnourished patients are often neglected and overlooked in clinical practice. The aim of this systematic literature review was to identify the factors considered most important by healthcare professionals in the identification and treatment of malnourished patients or those at risk of malnutrition.MethodsA systematic literature review of qualitative research was conducted. Documents published in scientific journals in English from 2011 to 2021 were searched in the PubMed (MEDLINE), CINAHL and ProQuest databases. The results were analysed with a thematic analysis of qualitative research findings.ResultsFrom the search set of 1010 results, 7 sources were included in the final analysis. Factors identified by health professionals as important in the identification and treatment of malnourished patients in clinical practice were grouped into five themes: unclear organizational structure; indefinite structure of nutritional care; poor continuity of nutritional care; lack of knowledge and skills of health professionals; lack of time and human resources.ConclusionsHealth policy must provide resources for nutritional care for patients at all levels of health care on the initiative of the highest professional bodies at the state level. To improve the nutritional care of patients in clinical practice, the management of health care institutions must promote and enable the professional and organizational establishment of clinical nutrition as a regular medical activity of the institution, develop clinical nutritional pathways, and promote evidence-based clinical practice and interprofessional collaboration.     

Effect of the Affordable Care Act on healthcare utilization for Veterans with spinal cord injuries and disorders

Context/Objective: Provisions of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) potentially increase insurance options for Veterans with disabilities. We examined Veterans with spinal cord injuries and disorders (SCI/D) to assess whether the ACA was associated with changes in healthcare utilization from Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) healthcare facilities.Design: Using national VA data, we investigated impacts on VA healthcare utilization pre- (2012/13) and post-ACA (2014/15) implementation with negative binomial regression models.Setting: VA healthcare facilities.Participants: 8,591 VA users with SCI/D. Veterans with acute myelitis, Guillain-Barré syndrome, multiple sclerosis, or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis were excluded as were patients who died during the study period.Interventions: We assessed VA healthcare utilization before and after ACA implementation.Outcome Measures: Total numbers of VA visits for SCI/D care, diagnostic care, primary care, specialty care, and mental health care, and VA admissions.Results: The number of VA admissions was 7% higher in the post than pre-ACA implementation period (P < 0.01). The number of VA visits post-implementation increased for SCI/D care (8%; P < 0.01) and specialty care (12%; P < 0.001). Conversely, the number of mental health visits was 17% lower in the post-ACA period (P < 0.001). Veterans with SCI/D who live <5 miles from their nearest VA facility received VA care more frequently than those ≥40 miles from VA (P < 0.001).Conclusion: Counter to expectations, results suggest that Veterans with SCI/D sought more frequent VA care after ACA implementation, indicating Veterans with SCI/D continue to utilize the lifelong, comprehensive care provided at VA.     

Nonopioid perioperative analgesia in head and neck cancer surgery: A systematic review

ObjectiveManagement of postoperative pain after head and neck cancer surgery is a complex issue, requiring a careful balance of analgesic properties and side effects. The objective of this review is to discuss the efficacy and safety of multimodal analgesia (MMA) for these patients.MethodsPubmed, Cochrane, Embase, Scopus, and clinicaltrials.gov were systematically searched for all comparative studies of patients receiving MMA (nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), acetaminophen, anticonvulsants, local anesthetics, and corticosteroids) for head and neck cancer surgeries. The primary outcome was additional postoperative opioid usage, and secondary outcomes included subjective pain scores, complications, adverse effects, and 30‐day outcomes.ResultsA total of five studies representing 592 patients (MMA, n = 275; non‐MMA, n = 317) met inclusion criteria. The most commonly used agents were gabapentin, NSAIDs, and acetaminophen (n = 221), NSAIDs (n = 221), followed by corticosteroids (n = 35), dextromethorphan (n = 40), and local nerve block (n = 19). Four studies described a significant decrease in overall postoperative narcotic usage with two studies reporting a significant decrease in hospital time. Subjective pain scores widely varied with two studies reporting reduced pain at postoperative day 3. There were no differences in surgical outcomes, medical complications, adverse effects, or 30‐day mortality and readmission rates.ConclusionMMA is an increasingly popular strategy that may reduce dependence on opioids for the treatment of postoperative pain. A variety of regimens and protocols are available for providers to utilize in the appropriate head and neck cancer patient.     

Interpreting declines in HIV test positivity: an analysis of routine data from Zimbabwe's national sex work programme, 2009–2019

IntroductionEarly diagnosis of HIV is critical for epidemic control. To achieve this, successful testing programmes are essential and test positivity is often used as a marker of their performance. The aim of this study was to analyse trends and predictors of HIV test positivity over time and explore how an understanding of seroconversion rates could build on our interpretation of this indicator among female sex workers in Zimbabwe.MethodsWe analysed HIV test data from Zimbabwe''s nationally scaled sex work programme between 2009 and 2019. We defined test positivity as the proportion of all tests that were HIV positive and measured new diagnoses by estimating seroconversion rates among women with repeat tests, defined as an HIV‐positive test after at least one HIV‐negative test in the programme. We used logistic regression to analyse test positivity over three time‐periods: 2009–2013, 2014–2017 and 2018–2019, adjusting for potential confounding by demographic factors and the mediating effects of time since last HIV test. We calculated the seroconversion rates for the same time‐periods.ResultsDuring the 10‐year study period, 54,503 tests were recorded in 39,462 women. Between 2009 and 2013, 18% of tests were among women who reported testing in the previous 6 months. By 2018–2019, this had increased to 57%. Between 2018 and 2019, test positivity was 9.6%, compared to 47.9% for 2009–2013 (aOR 6.08 95% CI 5.52–6.70) and 18.8% for 2014–2017 (aOR 2.17 95% CI 2.06–2.28). Adjusting for time since last test reduced effect estimates for 2009–2013 (aOR 4.03 95% CI 3.64–4.45) and 2014–2017 (aOR 1.97 95% CI 1.86–2.09) compared to 2018–2019. Among 7573 women with an initial HIV‐negative test in the programme and at least one subsequent test, 464 tested HIV positive at a rate of 3.9 per 100 pyar (95% CI 3.5–4.2).ConclusionsTest positivity decreased among women testing through the programme over time, while seroconversion rates remained high. These declines were partly driven by changes in individual testing history, reflecting comprehensive coverage of testing services and greater knowledge of HIV status, but not necessarily declining rates of seroconversion. Understanding testing history and monitoring new HIV infections from repeat tests could strengthen the interpretation of test positivity and provide a better understanding of programme performance.     

Arthroscopic Modified Double‐Row Biceps Tenodesis versus Labral Repair for the Treatment of Isolated Type II SLAP Lesions in Non‐Overhead Athletes

ObjectiveTo evaluate the postoperative efficacy and the clinical outcomes of arthroscopic modified double‐row biceps tenodesis versus labral repair.MethodsA retrospective study was conducted in 56 patients with isolated type II superior labrum anterior and posterior (SLAP) lesions from March 2015 to November 2018. Thirty patients (male:female = 17:13) were treated with labral repair, and 26 patients (male:female = 15:11) were treated with modified double‐row biceps tenodesis. The average age of the labral repair group and the modified double‐row biceps tenodesis group were 42.8 ± 10.6 and 40.9 ± 10.2 years, respectively. Pre‐ and postoperative assessments with the visual analog scale (VAS), University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), and American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) scores were compared between the two treatment groups. Additional outcome measures included patient satisfaction, the time to return to previous activities, workers'' compensation status, and postoperative complications.ResultsAt a 2‐year follow‐up, the tenodesis group showed significant differences in postoperative VAS (1.5 to 1.8, respectively; p = 0.008), patient satisfaction (92.3% vs. 46.7%, p < 0.001), and recovery time to return to their previous activities (6.8 ± 1.8 vs. 8.1 ± 1.5, p = 0.007) compared to the labral repair group; however, there was no significant difference in postoperative ASES and UCLA scores between the two groups. Additionally, one patient in the tenodesis group developed persistent postoperative stiffness, which was resolved by conservative treatment. In the labral repair group, two patients presented with persistent postoperative night pain, three developed persistent postoperative stiffness, and two required a subsequent capsular release.ConclusionsCompared with the labral repair group, the arthroscopic modified double‐row biceps tenodesis showed more encouraging postoperative pain reduction, earlier recovery to previous activities, and higher patient satisfaction.     

Comparative study on the gastrointestinal- and immune- regulation functions of Hedysari Radix Paeparata Cum Melle and Astragali Radix Praeparata cum Melle in rats with spleen-qi deficiency,based on fuzzy matter-element analysis

ContextHedysari Radix Praeparata Cum Melle (HRPCM) and Astragali Radix Praeparata Cum Melle (ARPCM) are used interchangeably in clinics to treat spleen-qi deficiency (SQD) symptom mainly including gastrointestinal dysfunction and decreased immunity, which has unknown differences in efficacy.ObjectiveTo investigate the differences between HRPCM and ARPCM on intervening gastrointestinal- and immune-function with SQD syndrome.Materials and methodsAfter the SQD model was established, the Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into nine groups (n = 10): normal; model; Bu-Zhong-Yi-Qi Pills; 18.9, 12.6 and 6.3 g/kg dose groups of HRPCM and ARPCM. Gastrointestinal function including d-xylose, gastrin, amylase vasoactive intestinal peptide, motilin, pepsin, H⁺/K⁺-ATPase, Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase, sodium-glucose cotransporter 1 (SGLT1), glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2) and immune function including spleen and thymus index, blood routine, interleukin (IL)-2, IL-6, interferon-γ (IFN-γ), tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), immunoglobulin (Ig) M, IgA, IgG and delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) were detected. Finally, the efficacy differences were analysed comprehensively by the fuzzy matter-element method.ResultsIn regulating immune, the doses differences in efficacy between HRPCM and ARPCM showed in the high-dose (18.9 g/kg), but there were no differences in the middle- and low- dose (12.6 and 6.3 g/kg); the efficacy differences were primarily reflected in levels of IL-6, IFN-γ, TNF-α and IgM in serum, and the mRNA expression of IL-6 and IFN-γ in the spleen. In regulating gastrointestinal, the efficacy differences were primarily reflected in the levels of D-xylose, MTL, and GAS in serum, and the mRNA and protein expression of SGLT1 and GLUT2 in jejunum and ileum.Discussion and conclusionsHRPCM is more effective than ARPCM on regulating gastrointestinal function and immune function with SQD syndrome. Therefore, we propose that HRPCM should be mainly used to treat SQD syndrome in the future.     

长链非编码RNA核富集转录体1促进喉鳞状细胞癌细胞迁移和侵袭的机制研究

目的 探究长链非编码RNA(lncRNA)核富集转录体1(NEAT1)NEAT1对喉鳞状细胞癌(LSCC)细胞迁移和侵袭的影响,并进一步分析miR-429/锌指E-盒结合同源异形盒1(ZEB1)轴在其中发挥的作用。方法 慢病毒转染建立稳定敲减lncRNA NEAT1的LSCC细胞,通过RT-qPCR检测细胞lncRNA NEAT1表达以验证转染效率,通过Transwell实验检测细胞迁移和侵袭能力,通过Western blot检测细胞上皮-间充质转化(EMT)相关蛋白N-cadherin、Vimentin、Slug和Snail表达。通过生物信息学分析miR-429与lncRNA NEAT1和ZEB1 mRNA间的潜在结合位点,并通过双荧光素酶报告基因实验验证miR-429与lncRNA NEAT1以及miR-429与ZEB1 mRNA结合。将miR-429抑制剂转染敲减lncRNA NEAT1的LSCC细胞,通过Western blot检测细胞ZEB1表达。进一步检查敲减ZEB1对抑制miR-429的敲减lncRNA NEAT1的LSCC细胞迁移、侵袭和EMT的影响。结果 敲减lncRNA NEAT1降低LSCC细胞lncRNA NEAT1表达,抑制细胞迁移和侵袭并下调细胞N-cadherin、Vimentin、Slug和Snail表达。miR-429与lncRNA NEAT1和ZEB1 mRNA间存在潜在结合位点,且miR-429与lncRNA NEAT1以及miR-429与ZEB1 mRNA结合。抑制miR-429逆转了敲减lncRNA NEAT1对LSCC细胞ZEB1表达的抑制作用。此外,敲减ZEB1逆转了抑制miR-429对敲减lncRNA NEAT1的LSCC细胞迁移和侵袭的促进作用及EMT相关蛋白N-cadherin、Vimentin、Slug和Snail表达的上调作用。结论 lncRNA NEAT1促进LSCC细胞迁移和侵袭,其机制可能与海绵化miR-429上调ZEB1表达促进LSCC细胞EMT有关。