三踝骨折15例治疗体会

目的讨论三踝骨折的治疗方法,提高三踝骨折治疗的优良率。方法以我院2007年8月至2011年12月收治的15例三踝骨折患者为例,随机分为2组（A组和B组）,按照不同的治疗顺序进行固定,通过对其治疗效果进行总结与评价,分析三踝骨折的治疗手段。结果经过6～28个月的随访,A组和B组在优、良、可方面并无显著差异,P〉0.05。结论从现有的技术手段来看,三踝骨折固定顺序并不是影响疗效的主要因子。在三踝骨折的治疗中,要根据患者的具体情况,选择合适的固定顺序,可以有效提升治疗效果,更好的促进患者康复。     

基于UPLC-DAD指纹图谱结合化学计量学及6种成分含量测定的桑叶质量研究

[目的]建立超高效液相色谱法(UPLC)-DAD指纹图谱方法,结合化学计量学与多指标含量测定综合评价桑叶质量.[方法]采用Agilent EC-C18(2.1 mm×100 mm,1.7μm),柱温35℃;检测波长分别为290 nm(检测没食子酸甲酯、隐绿原酸)和360 nm(检测芦丁、异槲皮苷、山奈酚-3-O-芸香糖...     

Wrongful Life Cases and The Courts

No abstract available for this article.     

Skin Sensitization in School Children in Northern and Southern Norway

It has been suggested that environmental exposures and living conditions can explain some of the worldwide variation in atopic disorders. Norway has large environmental contrasts within the country. We compared skin prick sensitization rates among school children living in the southern subarctic and in the northern artic part of Norway. Approximately one quarter of the children were sensitized, mostly against pollen and animal dander, while mite and mould sensitization seemed to be a minor problem. Sensitization rates and profiles were similar in the north and south despite differences in living conditions and environmental exposures.     

Qualitative outcome assessment and research on chronic disease management in general practice. Highlights from a keynote lecture,EGPRN May 2011, Nice

At its 2011 conference in Nice, France, the European General Practice Research Network (EGPRN), considered the issue of Relevant Outcome Measures in General Practice Research into Chronic Diseases. This paper, which is adapted from a keynote lecture given during that conference, considers the role of qualitative outcome assessments in research. Such assessments have a great deal in common with the patient-centred approach of general practice as they can capture the overall state of a patient rather than capturing only certain aspects. Research suggests that patients can be categorized, based on qualitative outcome assessment, and over time might change category. This approach to assessment brings to our attention alternative ways of considering the future: future as currently being made or future as predictable, at least to some extent. Although general practice needs the evidence from research that predicts the future, it also needs to engage in research that seeks to understand patients as they make their future, and to understand the impact of clinical interventions on this process.     

The critical appraisal of focus group research articles

Objectives: To determine whether the three mailings routinely used by researchers for epidemiological surveys are useful and appropriate, by comparing social characteristics and selected disease histories to find out if there are differences between individuals responding at different times.

Methods: Social characteristics and selected disease histories of 11,797 British women still under general practitioner observation in the Royal College of General Practitioners' Oral Contraception Study were compared. The women aged 40-78 at December 1992 were sent health survey questionnaires via their general practitioners between November 1994 and July 1995.

Results: Significant differences in the characteristics of first, second and third mailing respondents and non-respondents were found for smoking habits, social class, parity, area of residence, further contact, bronchitis, hysterectomy and mental illness. First mailing respondents were more likely to be from a non-manual social class, have a parity of less than three, live in England, and be happy to be contacted again, but were less likely to have had bronchitis or mental illness and were less likely to have been smokers at the time of recruitment than second mailing respondents. A comparison of second and third mailing respondents on the above factors showed no significant differences between the two groups.

Conclusions: The inclusion of third mailing respondents did not significantly change the social or health characteristic profile of the cohort and suggests that the effort and resources expended in carrying out a third mailing may not be justified.     

肠内营养常用置管方法的评价

危重症病人的营养供给途径可分为肠外营养(PN)和肠内营养(EN)支持两种.在满足可实施EN的前提下,经空肠给予营养应是危重症病人首先考虑的途径.病人要实施EN,必须建立适当的管饲途径,而具体的EN建立又包括多种手段和方法,各种置管方法有其各自的特点.以下对现今临床上可用的各种EN置管方法以及各种手段的适应范围、禁忌证、成功率、并发症和可行性等进行介绍和评价,为临床应用提供参考.     

Radioimmunoassay for rat galanin: immunochemical and chromatographic characterization of immunoreactivity in tissue extracts

Galanin is a regulatory peptide with wide distribution in the central and peripheral nervous system and with numerous biological effects. Several radioimmunoassays based on antisera raised against porcine galanin have been used to measure immunoreactivity in rat tissues. However, considerable lack of parallelism has been observed between the porcine standard and rat tissue extracts, which may decrease the reliability of the quantitative data. The purpose of the present study was therefore to raise antibodies against rat galanin and establish a competitive radioimmunoassay for rat galanin. Two antisera, RatGal4 and RatGal5, were characterized in detail. The homogeneity of the immunoreactive material from several tissues was also investigated with column chromatography. At reverse-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography more than 95% of the immunoreactive material from rat CNS eluted as a single peak in the position of synthetic rat galanin, whereas almost half of the immunoreactive material from the intestine eluted in positions different from the synthetic peptide. Extracts of rat brains as well as jejunum diluted in parallel with the standard curve for both antisera. We conclude that measurements of rat galanin based on these antisera are therefore more reliable than those based on antisera raised against porcine galanin.