大脑中动脉动脉瘤的血管内治疗

目的探讨血管内治疗大脑中动脉动脉瘤的可行性、安全性和有效性。方法回顾性分析采用血管内治疗的24例大脑中动脉动脉瘤患者的临床资料,包括患者年龄、临床分级、动脉瘤出血量、部位、形态、瘤颈宽度、血管痉挛程度及术中应用技术等。结果100%栓塞17例,95%栓塞4例,90%栓塞3例。1例患者术中血管痉挛加重致不完全失语。随访无动脉瘤再破裂出血病例,1例患者出现迟发性血管痉挛。结论血管内治疗大脑中动脉动脉瘤是一种安全、有效的方法。     

高龄急性脑梗死患者阿替普酶静脉溶栓有效性、安全性及预后影响因素分析

目的 探讨高龄急性脑梗死患者接受阿替普酶静脉溶栓治疗有效性、安全性和临床预后的影响
因素。
方法 前瞻性连续纳入江苏省苏北人民医院2016年9月-2018年9月收治入院进行阿替普酶静脉溶
栓治疗的急性脑梗死患者，按照年龄将患者分为年龄≥80岁组和年龄＜80岁组。比较两组患者入院
时、溶栓24 h NIHSS评分，6个月mRS评分及死亡率，观察两组溶栓相关出血转化、症状性颅内出血及
肺部感染的发生情况。应用多因素Logistic回归分析观察所有患者静脉溶栓预后的独立影响因素。
结果 最终共纳入患者119例，男性69例（58.0%），年龄范围46～94岁，平均70.12±10.55岁，入院
NIHSS评分4～38分。其中年龄≥80岁患者29例，年龄＜80岁患者90例。静脉溶栓后，两组患者溶栓
24 h NIHSS评分较入院时均明显降低（均P＜0.05），两组治疗24 h NIHSS评分比较差异无统计学意义；
两组的出血转化、症状性颅内出血、肺部感染、6个月预后良好及死亡率比较，差异均无统计学意义。
多因素Logistic回归分析显示，入院到静脉溶栓时间、入院时NIHSS评分及肺部感染是脑梗死静脉溶
栓6个月预后的独立危险因素（P＜0.05），高龄不是影响预后的因素（P＞0.05）。
结论 高龄急性脑梗死患者静脉溶栓治疗安全有效，未增加颅内出血转化风险、死亡率及不良预
后。入院到静脉溶栓时间、入院时NIHSS评分及肺部感染是急性脑梗死患者静脉溶栓6个月预后不良
的独立危险因素。     

Detailed Analysis of Mucosal Restoration of the Small Intestine After the Cavitary Two-Layer Cold Storage Method

Small bowel transplantation (SBT) is associated with a high incidence of infectious complications because of ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) mucosal injury concomitant with potent immunosuppression. In this study, we evaluated whether the cavitary two-layer method (cTLM) could reduce I/R injury and allow early mucosal restoration, particularly after prolonged preservation and transplantation. Canine heterotopic segmental SBT was performed immediately without preservation (group 1), after 24-h preservation in UW solution (group 2) or by the cTLM (group 3). The graft samples were taken 1 h after reperfusion and on days 1, 4 and 7. We assessed graft mucosa with detailed microscopic and electromicroscopic analyses. In Group 3, histological injury and cell apoptosis after transplantation were significantly alleviated and rapidly recovered to a similar level of group 1. The mucosal restoration was morphologically completed within 4 days. In contrast, in group 2, more pronounced mucosal injury and delayed recovery were noted. Crypt cell proliferation activity was well maintained in groups 1 and 3 throughout the experimental period. Our ultrastructural analysis suggested that mitochondrial integrity achieved by the cTLM was a basal mechanism under the prompt mucosal restoration. The cTLM could reduce I/R injury, facilitate mucosal regeneration and restore the nearly normal structure early after SBT.     

Effect of electro-acupuncture combined with early rehabilitation on motor function and expressions of CD11b/CD18 and tumor necrosis factor-α in patients with acute cerebral infarction

Objective To observe the effect of electro-acupuncture combined with early rehabilitation on the motor function and expressions of the adhesion molecules CD11b and CD18 in the polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMN) and monocytes and serum tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels in patients with acute cerebral infarction (ACI). Methods A total of 165 ACI patients were randomly divided into control group (group A, n=50), conventional rehabilitation group (group B, n=50) and comprehensive rehabilitation group (group C, n=65). The expressions of CD11b and CD18 in the PMN and monocytes and serum TNF-α levels were determined before and at 1, 2, and 4 weeks after the treatment. Thirty-two healthy subjects were also recruited as the normal control group (group N). The neurological function of the subjects was evaluated by modified Edinburgh-Scandinavia stroke scale (MESSS) and Fugi-Meyer Assessment (FMA), and their activity of daily living (ADL) was assessed using Barthel index (BI). Results The CD11b/CD18 expression in the PMN and MN and serum TNF-α level in groups A, B and C were significantly higher than those in group N before and 1 week after the treatment (P<0.05). CD11b/CD18 expression and serum TNF-α level were significantly lower in groups B and C than in the group A at 1 week after the treatment, and significantly lower in group C than in group B (P<0.05). At 2 weeks of treatment, CD11b/CD18 and TNF-α were significantly lower in groups B and C than in the group A, being the lowest in group C (P<0.05). The scores of mESSS in both groups B and C were lower than that in group A, and the scores were lower in group C than in group B. Group C showed higher FMA scores than group B, both having higher scores than group A. At 4 weeks of treatment, the mESSS scores were significantly lower, hut the FMA and ADL score significantly higher in groups B and C than in the control group (P<0.05), and the differences were more obvious in group C. Groups B and C had greater effective rate than group A (P<0.05), and the rate was the highest in group C (P<0.05). Conclusion Electro-acupuncture combined with early rehabilitation promotes the recovery of motor function in ACI patients probably by regulating the expressions of the adhesion molecules CD11b and CD18 on the PMN and monocytes and the serum levels of TNF-α.     

脑梗死急性期降压治疗对预后的影响

目的 研究脑梗死急性期降压及在不同时间进行降压治疗对患者近期预后的影响.方法 据发病后是否降压及进行降压的时间,将198例急性脑梗死患者分为6组,观察各组患者神经功能缺损程度及心脑血管事件的再发生率和病死率.结果 在发病后进行降压治疗的患者中其心脑血管事件再发率和病死率明显低于未降压组（P＜0.01） 3d后降压组患者神经功能恢复的程度明显好于未降压组（P＜0.01）.结论 降压治疗可以降低患者心脑血管事件的发生率和病死率3d后进行降压治疗的患者神经功能恢复明显要好.     

鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤炎症反应及环磷酰胺影响

目的 探讨脑缺血再灌注不同缺血区域炎症反应特点及环磷酰胺影响.方法 将大鼠随机分为假手术组、对照组、环磷酰胺预处理组,建立局灶性脑缺血再灌注模型.用免疫组化法和生化法观察额顶部皮质和基底节区P-选择素表达、髓过氧化物酶(MPO)活性变化;并进行TTC染色和HE染色.结果 (1)再灌注3h缺血侧额顶部皮质和基底节区出现P-选择素表达,12h达高峰.环磷酰胺预处理组和对照组相比较,差异无显著性(P＞o.05).(2)再灌注12h以后MPO活性明显升高.基底节区的MPO活性在再灌注48h达到高峰后下降.额顶部皮质MPO活性在再灌注24h达到高峰后至96h仍维持较高水平.和对照组相比较,环磷酰胺预处理组MP(活性升高受抑制(P＜0.05).(3)环磷酰胺预处理可显著缩小脑梗死体积(P＜0.05).结论 (1)脑缺血再灌注损伤存在主动性炎症反应,额顶部皮质比基底节区的炎症反应更持久和剧烈.(2)环磷酰胺减少缺血侧中性粒细胞浸润数量,具有神经保护作用,但不直接影响P-选择素的表达.     

Hypoxia‐inducible factor 1α may be a marker for vasculitic neuropathy

Neuromuscular biopsy is still an essential method for diagnosing vasculitic neuropathy, although its diagnostic sensitivity is at most 60%. Our objective was to examine the expression of hypoxia‐inducible factor 1α (HIF‐1α) in peripheral nerves and to evaluate its usefulness in diagnosing vasculitic neuropathy, especially for discrimination from other axonal neuropathies. Forty‐one patients with vasculitic neuropathy consisting of 20 definite, 14 probable and seven possible diagnoses, 15 patients with metabolic neuropathy, five with motor neuron disease and six with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy were included. Nerve biopsy specimens were immunohistochemically examined for HIF‐1α and various cell markers. Distinct immunoreactivity (IR) was observed in nuclei of endoneurial cells in 54% (22/41) of vasculitic patients, while specimens from metabolic neuropathies showed less nuclear IR and the difference of mean density of HIF‐1α‐positive nuclei was significant. Two patients with possible vasculitis who showed HIF‐1α‐positive nuclei in endoneurium, were later confirmed to have vasculitis by skin biopsies. Most of the cells expressing HIF were demonstrated to be Schwann cells. There was a trend in the vasculitic patients with early phase nerve damage to display higher endoneurial HIF‐1α‐IR. HIF‐1α may be an immunohistochemical marker for vasculitic neuropathy, especially when the observed section contains no vasculitic lesions.     

尿激酶溶栓对大鼠局灶性脑缺血基质金属蛋白酶-9表达的影响

目的研究大鼠局灶性脑缺血后应用尿激酶(urokinase,UK)溶栓对基质金属蛋白酶-9(Matrix metalloproteinase-9,MMP-9)表达的影响,探讨MMP-9在UK溶栓引起的再灌注损伤及出血性转化中的作用。方法将实验动物随机分成3组进行研究(1)UK溶栓组;(2)缺血对照组;(3)假手术组。分别用免疫组织化学方法分析3组缺血后24hMMP-9的表达,对比研究两组MMP-9表达的差异性。结果缺血后24h前两组均有MMP-9的表达,但是UK溶栓组表达的程度明显高于缺血对照组;假手术组无MMP-9的表达。结论(1)缺血能导致MMP- 9的表达。(2)UK溶栓引起MMP-9表达的上调。     

大鼠大脑皮质向脊髓与红核投射的比较

目的 比较大脑皮质向脊髓与红核发出投射的区域并探讨是否有分支投射存在。方法 将。TB及NY分别注入大白鼠的脊髓与红核内，在大脑皮质观察比较标记细胞出现的部位。结果 FB标记细胞出现在24，10，8，6，4，3，1，2，23，29b，29c，18，7，13，39区。NY标记细胞出现于6，4，3，1区，10区的尾侧部及7，18区的颅饲部亦有少量存在。无发现双标记细胞。结论 大脑皮质向脊髓发出投射的区域非常广泛，向红核发出投射的区域全部重叠于皮质脊髓神经元分布的区域内，皮质脊髓神经元无分支投射到红核。