宫颈环扎术治疗宫颈机能不全的疗效观察

目的:探讨阴道彩超诊断宫颈机能不全行宫颈环扎术的疗效。方法:对15例经阴道彩超测量宫颈管长度<25mm,宫颈内口宽度>15mm的宫颈机能不全者,于12~18周施行宫颈内口环扎术治疗,观察妊娠结局。结果:延长妊娠至足月妊娠11例(73.3%),早产3例(20.2%),流产1例(6.7%),胎儿成活14例(93.3%)。结论:阴道彩超诊断宫颈机能不全于孕中期行宫颈环扎术治疗,可以延长妊娠时间,提高活婴分娩率。     

HK型环扎去除包皮器械治疗包茎及包皮过长584例体会

目的总结包皮环扎术在包茎及包皮过长治疗中的经验。方法采用一次性包皮去除环对584例包茎及包皮过长患者施行新型环扎术以切除多余包皮。观察总结手术效果。结果手术时间平均只需6min,术中几乎无出血,术后2例因环扎器滑脱出血,所有患者均无血肿、感染。术后1～3个月随访,测量包皮保留部分,切缘平整美观。结论包皮环扎术是对传统包皮切除术的简化和改进,具有应用简便、易于掌握、效果满意、并发症少等优点,是一种可供选择推广的包皮切除新方法。     

Pregnancy outcome after cervical conization: risk factors for preterm delivery and the efficacy of prophylactic cerclage

Objective

This study examined the risk factors for preterm birth and the efficacy of prophylactic cerclage in patients who had undergone cervical conization due to cervical intraepithelial neoplasia before pregnancy.

Methods

We reviewed the medical records of all patients who gave live singleton births between May 1996 and April 2009, after having cervical conization. Delivery before 37 gestational weeks was considered as preterm birth. The pregnancy outcomes were analyzed with independent sample t-test, chi-square test, and multiple logistic regression using the SPSS ver. 12.0.

Results

Sixty five cases were found. The mean gestational age at delivery was 37 weeks (SD, 3.5). Eighteen patients (27.7%) had preterm delivery. The type of conization, the volume of the specimen, and second trimester cervical length were related to preterm birth (p≤0.001, p=0.019, p≤0.001, respectively). In multivariate analysis, only mid-trimester cervical length was statistically significant for preterm birth (p=0.012; odds ratio, 0.194; confidence interval, 0.055 to 0.693). Six out of 65 patients had undergone prophylactic cerclage, and three (50%) of them had preterm births, while 15 (25%) patients without cerclage had preterm births.

Conclusion

The type of conization, the volume of specimen, and second trimester cervical length may be the risk factors for preterm birth in patients who have a prior history of cervical conization. Prophylactic cerclage may not be helpful in preventing preterm birth, therefore more careful consideration should be paid in deciding cerclage after conization during prenatal counseling.     

The role of prophylactic cerclage in preventing preterm delivery after electrosurgical conization

Objective

To evaluate pregnancy outcomes after electrosurgical conization.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed the outcomes of 56 singleton pregnancies after electrosurgical conization of the uterine cervix. Of the 56 cases, 25 women underwent prophylactic cerclage with McDonald procedure (cerclage group), and 31 were managed expectantly (expectant group). Pregnancy outcomes including rate of preterm delivery were compared, and the effect of potential risk factors such as depth of cone, interval between conization and pregnancy, and cervical length on the risk of preterm delivery was assessed.

Results

The rate of preterm delivery was significantly higher in women with a history of electrosurgical conization than those without (32.1% vs. 15.2%, p<0.001). However, preterm delivery rate was not different between the two groups (expectant group vs. cerclage group; <28 week, 6.5% vs. 8.0%, p=1.000; <34 week, 19.4% vs. 20.0%, p=1.000; <37 week, 29.0% vs. 36.0%, p=0.579). All obstetric and neonatal outcomes were similar in the two groups. Even when we confined the study subjects to 19 women (19/56, 33.9%) with cervical length less than 25 mm, the preterm delivery rate also was not significantly different between the expectant (n=7) and cerclage group (n=12). Finally, the potential risk factors for preterm delivery were not associated with risk of preterm delivery in patients with a history of electrosurgical conization.

Conclusion

The rate of preterm delivery was significantly higher in women with a history of electrosurgical conization before pregnancy. However, prophylactic cervical cerclage did not prevent preterm delivery in these patients.     

髌骨骨折三种内固定方法的疗效比较

目的：探讨3种内固定方法在髌骨骨折治疗中的疗效。方法：选择176例髌骨骨折患者,随机分为3组,形态记忆双向张力钩固定术63例为A组,钢丝粗线环扎术58例为B组,镍钛聚髌器内固定术55例为C组。结果：所有患者均获得随访3～24个月,A、B、C三组的骨折愈合率分别为：95.24%、75.86%、85.45%。结论：形态记忆双向张力钩固定术治疗髌骨骨折具有可靠的生物力学固定效果,疗效满意,值得临床大力推广应用。     

A review of the contemporary evidence on rescue cervical cerclage

Background

Rescue cervical cerclage (RCC) is essentially a salvage procedure to prolong pregnancy in women with advanced cervical changes and prolapsed membranes in the second trimester. However, its effectiveness and safety remain controversial.

Objectives

To provide a comprehensive review of the contemporary evidence on RCC and evaluate which treatment modalities can be offered to pregnant women based on the best available evidence.

Search strategy

A PubMed search of published studies on RCC and perinatal outcome was conducted using defined keywords.

Selection criteria

Clinical studies were included with priority for level I evidence (randomized controlled trials [RCTs]) followed by other evidence levels.

Data collection and analysis

Abstracts of 141 articles were screened and 40 articles were selected.

Main results

Evidence from retrospective and nonrandomized prospective trials shows a benefit of RCC. It may prolong pregnancy by an average of 4–5 weeks, with a 2-fold reduction in the chance of preterm birth before 34 weeks. A higher chance of failure is expected if cervical dilatation exceeds 4 cm or if membranes are bulging into the vagina.

Conclusions

The decision for an RCC should be individualized after comprehensive counseling by a senior obstetrician. Further research in the form of robust RCTs is recommended.