颈交感神经对血管源性头痛痛觉传导的影响

目的采用电刺激大鼠上矢状窦(SSS)区硬脑膜,观察颈上交感神经节(SCG)摘除术前后在延髓和上颈段三叉神经脊束核一氧化氮合酶(NOS)阳性神经元数目的变化,以探讨交感神经系统在血管源性头痛(如偏头痛)涉及的伤害觉信息传递中的作用。方法以雄性SD大鼠(体重为220～250g)为实验对象,行颈上交感神经节摘除术后再手术暴露其SSS,然后电刺激SSS区硬脑膜,应用免疫组织化学染色技术,观察延髓和上颈段三叉神经脊束核NOS表达的变化。结果NOS免疫反应阳性神经元主要分布在三叉神经脊束核和上颈段脊髓的第Ⅰ、Ⅱ板层,双侧对称。假手术对照组、SCG摘除组每张切片的NOS阳性神经元数分别为150.2±10.3、223.0±11.6,SCG摘除组NOS阳性神经元数目较假手术对照组明显增加(P<0.05)。结论颈交感神经系统参与了头部血管源性疼痛(如偏头痛)中伤害性感觉信息导致的疼痛的产生、传导及调节过程。     

不同时辰刺激大鼠的交叉上核对血浆中皮质酮含量的影响

应用拉丁方设计，在不同体重组的大鼠，于不同时辰，对交叉上核采取不同强度的刺激，用放射免疫法测定外周血中皮质酮的含量。其结果显示：各体重组间无显著性差异，不同时辰血浆皮质酮的平均含量各组呈现基本相同的节律性变化，无论何时辰刺激交叉上核使之兴奋，均可显著提高血浆皮质酮的含量。完全损毁交叉上核后７２小时血浆皮质酮含量和正常对照组无显著性差异，且其节律性也没有出现明显变化。     

Subcellular localization of the inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor, P400, in the vestibular complex and dorsal cochlear nucleus of the rat

The subcellular localization of the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor protein, P₄₀₀, was studied in the vestibular complex, an area to which Purkinje cells project, as well as in neurons of the dorsal cochlear nucleus and in ectopic Purkinje cells of adult rat brain. The receptor was demonstrated by electron microscopical immunocytochemistry using the avidin-biotin peroxidase complex procedure, with the monoclonal antibody 4C11 raised against mouse cerebellar inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor protein. Immunoreactivity was found in preterminal fibres and terminal boutons in the nuclei of the vestibular complex, generally associated with the subsurface systems and stacks or fragments of smooth endoplasmic reticulum. Ectopic Purkinje cells and cartwheel cells of the dorsal cochlear nucleus also displayed immunoreactivity, but this was much less intense in the latter. The results of the present study suggest that this receptor protein, involved in the release of Ca²⁺, is located in sites that enable it to influence the synthesis, transport and release of neurotransmitters.     

多巴胺对正常和吗啡成瘾大鼠疼痛相关电活动的不同作用(英文)

目的研究多巴胺对正常大鼠和吗啡成瘾大鼠中枢的伤害性刺激的传递的影响。方法在给予坐骨神经伤害性刺激后,记录中枢痛兴奋神经元的电活动,观察多巴胺对正常大鼠和吗啡成瘾大鼠中枢痛兴奋神经元电活动的影响。结果正常大鼠中,多巴胺使尾核痛兴奋神经元的痛诱发放电潜伏期缩短,说明多巴胺可使正常大鼠尾核痛兴奋神经元的活动增强,多巴胺受体拮抗剂氟哌利多可以阻断这种作用。吗啡大鼠中,多巴胺使尾核痛兴奋神经元的痛诱发放电潜伏期延长,说明多巴胺可使吗啡大鼠尾核痛兴奋神经元的活动减弱。结论脑室注射多巴胺后,正常大鼠和吗啡成瘾大鼠的尾核对痛刺激的反应存在着差异。     

快乐的脑机制研究

快乐作为情绪的重要方面,对人类的生存具有重要意义。早期关于快乐脑机制的研究将大脑奖励系统误认为是产生快乐的快乐中心,认为多巴胺是将感觉刺激转化为快乐的神经递质。最新的研究指出,产生快乐的脑环路主要包括伏核壳、脑干臂旁核和腹侧苍白球。     

Changes in Glucose Metabolism in Cerebral Cortex and Cerebellum Correlate With Tremor and Rigidity Control by Subthalamic Nucleus Stimulation in Parkinson's Disease: A Positron Emission Tomography Study

Objective. Employing [¹⁸F]fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) to assess the correlation between the effect of deep brain stimulation (DBS) on the subthalamic nucleus (STN) and the regional cerebral metabolic rate of glucose (rCMRGlc) in advanced Parkinson's disease patients (N = 8). Materials and Methods. On the basis of patients’ diary records, we performed FDG‐PET during the off‐period of motor activity with on‐ or off‐stimulation by STN‐DBS on separate days and analyzed the correlation between changes in motor symptoms and alterations in the rCMRGlc. Result. When FDG‐PET was performed, the motor score on the unified Parkinson's disease rating scale (UPDRS) was 64% lower with on‐stimulation than with off‐stimulation (p < 0.001, Wilcoxon single‐rank test). STN‐DBS increased the rCMRGlc in the posterior part of the right middle frontal gyrus, which corresponded to the premotor area, and the right anterior lobe of the cerebellum (p < 0.005, paired t‐test). No region exhibited a decrease in rCMRGlc. Among the items of the UPDRS motor score, the changes in resting tremor and rigidity of the left extremities showed a significant correlation with the changes in rCMRGlc observed in the right premotor area (p < 0.02 and p < 0.05, respectively, Spearman's rank correlation). Conclusions. STN‐DBS either activates the premotor area or normalizes the deactivation of the premotor area. These FDG‐PET findings obtained are consistent with the idea that STN‐DBS modifies the activities of neural circuits involved in motor control.     

人工髓核置换治疗腰椎间盘突出症初步报告

目的探讨人工髓核置换治疗腰椎间盘突出症临床应用的初步效果. 方法自2002年5月～2003年8月行单个人工髓核假体(PDN)置换术治疗腰椎间盘突出症26例. 结果所有病例均获随访,平均时间10.5(3～18)个月.临床疗效评价:优18例,良4例,尚可2例.1例发生椎间隙感染,保守治疗后好转;1例术后2月出现假体移位、症状复发,行再次手术更换假体后治愈. 结论人工髓核假体置换治疗腰椎间盘突出症能恢复椎间隙高度,操作简单,创伤小,恢复快,近期疗效满意,远期疗效仍需进一步观察.     

对侧网状巨细胞核对大鼠脊髓背表面电位的影响

以浅麻醉和麻痹大鼠为对象,利用计算机平均技术记录强电流刺激腓肠神经诱发的脊髓背表面电位(CDP),观察对侧网状三细胞核(NGC)微量注射L一谷氨酸钠,使神经细胞兴奋后对CDP的影响.实验发现,对侧NGC神经细胞兴奋后,Aβ和Aσ纤维引起的P_1波及Aσ和C类纤维引起的N_3波减小,C类纤维引起的P_2波明显减小,N_4 波消失.以上结果提示:对侧NGC对细纤维诱发的CDP成分有抑制作用.