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31.
32.
38例视网膜母细胞瘤的临床和误诊分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
目的 探讨视网膜母细胞瘤(retinoblastoma,RB)的临床特征、病理分类和误诊原因,尽可能减少错误的临床诊治。方法 对我科于1999-2004年间收集的38例临床诊断为视网膜母细胞瘤(retinoblastoma,RB)的病例资料进行回顾性分析。结果在38例疑似病例中,34例病理诊断为视网膜母细胞瘤,4例为Coats病。结论掌握相关的影像学知识和综合分析疑难病例的临床资料将有助于视网膜母细胞瘤的正确诊断和处理。 相似文献
33.
Design and conduct of occupational epidemiology studies: III. Design aspects of case-control studies
Currently available approaches for the design of occupational case-control studies are reviewed. An accompanying paper reviews methods of analysis. We commence by drawing a distinction between cohort-based and registry-based studies. Methods for selecting cases and controls are then reviewed, including cumulative incidence and incidence density sampling, matching, sources of controls, and issues in control selection. Finally, the advantages and disadvantages of the case-control approach are summarized. 相似文献
34.
CT导向下经皮射频消融术治疗肾上腺恶性肿瘤 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
目的对29例肾上腺肿瘤患者行射频消融(RFA)治疗,研究其近期局部治疗效果、不良反应和副作用。方法肾上腺肿瘤患者共29例,病灶总数31个,其中直径≤2.0cm的病灶共5个,2.1-4.0cm者18个,4.1-6.0cm者5个,≥6.1cm者3个,经RFA治疗1个月后行螺旋CT双期增强扫描评价肿瘤治疗效果。结果上述病灶经消融治疗后达到完全坏死者分别为5个、18个、3个、2个。患者无严重并发症出现。结论RFA治疗安全可靠,副作用小,是治疗肾上腺恶性肿瘤的有效方法之一。 相似文献
35.
MR频谱检测乳酸的脉冲序列优化研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
目的通过改变一系列脉冲序列参数,以利于乳酸的最佳检测与定量分析。方法制作含乳酸玻璃模型。改变一系列的MR脉冲序列参数,应用点解析频谱序列(point resolved spectroscopy,PRESS)和激励回波序列(stimulated echo acquisition,STEAM)获得乳酸模型的相应频谱。另外,对12例脑病变患者和2例健康志愿者进行磁共振频谱检查,测量出每个波峰的峰高,并绘出序列变化曲线图。结果STEAM各波峰的峰向与PRESS序列一致,但STEAM各峰高均低于同等条件的PRESS峰。随着TE时间的延长,用乳酸模型测出的乳酸峰的峰高一序列曲线图呈波浪状变化,正向双峰在TE=26、270ms时共振波幅达到最大绝对值,负向双峰在TE=135~160ms之间达到最大绝对值。脑病变患者和健康志愿者的扫描结果表明,乳酸峰在优化的序列高于非优化的序列。结论优化的脉冲序列更有利于乳酸的检测与定量分析。 相似文献
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One of the first decisions that needs to be taken when planning a birth cohort concerns the size of the study. This in turn will depend on the research questions to be answered and thence whether environmental exposures and outcomes are measured on a continuum or as dichotomous variables. Here we describe ways in which different birth cohorts have addressed this issue and explore the advantages of smaller detailed studies over larger less-detailed studies. 相似文献
39.
Michael D. Lara M.D. Matthew T. Baker M.D. Christopher J. Larson PA-C R.D. Michelle A. Mathiason M.S. Pamela J. Lambert R.N. Shanu N. Kothari M.D. 《Surgery for obesity and related diseases》2005,1(1):597-21
BACKGROUND: There is no consensus regarding the optimal rate of follow-up in the post-bariatric surgery patient population. METHODS: The records of all patients who underwent laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass from 2001 to 2003 were reviewed. Using patient zip codes, travel distances were calculated between the patients' places of residence and our clinic. Patients were then assigned to 1 of 3 cohorts according to the following distances: (1) < 50 miles, (2) 50 to 100 miles, and (3) > 100 miles. Patient compliance with follow-up appointments at 3 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, 9 months, and 12 months was analyzed. Linear trends were identified using the Mantel-Haenszel test. Age and sex were analyzed as possible predictors of compliance using the chi(2) test. P values < .05 were considered statistically significant. RESULTS: The study group comprised 150 patients (127 females and 23 males). The 3 cohorts contained 115, 21, and 14 patients, respectively. All patients in each cohort were compliant with the 3-week follow-up appointment. Although there were differences in compliance between cohorts at each of the remaining appointments, only the 9-month (70.3% vs 61.9% vs 35.7%) visit showed statistical significance (P = .035). The 6-month visit trended toward significance (85.2% vs 76.2% vs 64.3%; P = .088). Males were more likely to be compliant with the 12-month follow-up (P = .040). When controlling for sex, travel distance was also a predictor of compliance at this follow-up visit (P = .024). Age was not predictive of compliance (P = .827). CONCLUSION: Based on our findings, we conclude that travel distance from the clinic does not significantly affect compliance at the initial follow-up, 3-month, and 12-month appointments. However, distance does tend to affect compliance at the 6-month appointment and significantly affects compliance at the 9-month appointment. Males are more likely to be compliant at the 12 month follow-up visit. We must continue to strive for 100% follow-up in our post-bariatric surgery patients. 相似文献
40.
In the study of monozygotic twins relative to disease and risk factors, particular interest focuses on the subset who are discordant for some suspected risk factor (for example, smoking), since such twins constitute a natural case-control pair. In such studies, questionnaires designed to identify the status of all twin pairs are sometimes error prone and can yield misleading estimates of the concordance-discordance ratios. Greater efforts to verify the characteristics of apparently discordant pairs than to verify those of apparently concordant pairs can result in the 'unequal ascertainment' fallacy. Using the results of a questionnaire with known error rates and the 'apparent' frequencies yielded, we present unbiased, maximum likelihood estimates of the 'true' proportions of concordant and discordant pairs. concordant and discordant pairs. We also present approximate covariances among these estimates. 相似文献