306名大学生错失恐惧与社交媒体倦怠的关系:睡眠质量和负性情绪的链式中介作用

目的 探讨大学生睡眠质量、负性情绪在错失恐惧与社交媒体倦怠间的中介作用。 方法 采用错失恐惧量表、社交媒体倦怠量表、匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表、抑郁-焦虑-压力量表简体中文版对306名大学生进行调查。 结果 错失恐惧、社交媒体倦怠、睡眠质量和负性情绪之间呈两两正相关;错失恐惧能正向预测社交媒体倦怠;睡眠质量和负性情绪在错失恐惧和社交媒体倦怠之间起单独中介作用,且睡眠质量和负性情绪在错失恐惧与社交媒体倦怠之间起链式中介作用,负性情绪各维度效应皆成立。 结论 睡眠质量和负性情绪能够为错失恐惧对社交媒体倦怠的影响提供一个解释机制,大学生的错失恐惧既可以直接影响其社交媒体倦怠水平,也可以通过睡眠质量、负性情绪的独立中介效应以及睡眠质量-负性情绪的链式中介效应间接影响。     

中医综合疗法对假性近视患者黄斑处脉络膜厚度及微血流密度的影响

[目的] 研究中医综合疗法对青少年假性近视患者黄斑处脉络膜厚度及微血流密度的影响,为中医疗法在青少年假性近视的治疗方面提供依据。[方法] 使用SPSS 21.0软件产生随机数字,将51例（102只眼）假性近视青少年患者随机分成对照组和治疗组。对照组患者27例（54只眼）,单纯使用复方托吡卡胺滴眼液点眼治疗;治疗组患者24例（48只眼）,在对照组治疗的基础上配合中药雾化、中药眼贴和耳穴埋籽等中医综合治疗。两组患者疗程均为8周,治疗前后检测两组患者裸眼远视力、电脑验光屈光度数、黄斑中心凹下脉络膜厚度及黄斑区浅层血流密度,并评价两组患者疗效。[结果] 1）治疗组1例因中药雾化过敏导致脱落,最终纳入23例（46只眼）。2）治疗8周后,治疗组总有效率为92.3%,对照组总有效率为75.0%,治疗组疗效优于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。3）治疗后,治疗组患者平均视力较治疗前提高,差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;对照组患者平均视力较治疗前无明显改善,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。组间比较方面,治疗组治疗后平均视力较对照组有一定提高,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。4）经治疗,治疗组患者平均假性近视度数较治疗前下降,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;对照组患者平均假性近视度数较治疗前略有下降,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。组间比较方面,治疗组治疗后平均假性近视度数较对照组有一定下降,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。5）治疗组患者黄斑中心凹下脉络膜厚度较治疗前增厚,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;对照组黄斑中心凹下脉络膜厚度较治疗前无明显改变,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;组间比较方面,治疗组治疗后黄斑中心凹下脉络膜厚度较对照组增厚,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。6）治疗后,治疗组黄斑区浅层血流密度较治疗前增加,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;对照组黄斑区浅层血流密度较治疗前增加,但差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;组间比较方面,治疗组治疗后黄斑区浅层血流密度较对照组明显增加,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。[结论] 采用中医综合疗法对青少年假性近视治疗效果较好,并且可以增加黄斑中心凹下脉络膜厚度及黄斑区浅层血流密度,短期观察无不良反应,值得临床推广运用。     

糖尿病肾病患者血清TRPM7、Sirtuin-1与钙磷代谢、颈动脉钙化的相关性

目的 探讨糖尿病肾病（DN）患者血清瞬时受体电位通道7(TRPM7)、沉默调节蛋白-1(Sirtuin-1)与钙磷代谢、颈动脉钙化的相关性。方法 选取2020年12月—2022年11月成都大学附属医院收治的97例DN患者作为DN组,另取同期在该院就诊的120例2型糖尿病患者作为对照组。采用实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应检测血清TRPM7的表达,酶联免疫吸附试验检测血清Sirtuin-1水平。采用Pearson法分析DN患者血清TRPM7、Sirtuin-1水平与钙磷代谢的相关性,并通过多因素Logistic逐步回归模型分析DN患者颈动脉钙化的危险因素。结果 DN组血肌酐、尿素氮、血清TRPM7、血磷、颈动脉钙化率高于对照组（P <0.05）。DN组Sirtuin-1、血钙低于对照组（P <0.05）。Pearson相关性分析结果显示,DN患者血清TRPM7与血钙呈负相关（r=-0.247,P=0.000）,与血磷呈正相关（r=0.415,P=0.000）;DN患者血清Sirtuin-1与血钙呈正相关（r=0.367,P=0.000）,与血磷呈负相关（r=-0.505,P=0.00...     

血清鸢尾素、脂联素水平与颈动脉粥样硬化的关系

目的 探讨血清鸢尾素及脂联素（APN）水平与颈动脉粥样硬化的关系。方法 选取2020年1月—2022年1月海南省人民医院收治的124例H型高血压患者作为研究组,另选取同期来该院体检的健康者112例作为对照组。比较两组血清鸢尾素、APN水平,分析研究组颈动脉粥样硬化斑块形成的影响因素,采用受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线分析血清鸢尾素、APN水平预测颈动脉粥样硬化斑块形成的价值。结果 研究组血清鸢尾素、APN水平低于对照组（P <0.05）。斑块形成组与非斑块形成组性别、年龄、体重指数、吸烟史、饮酒史、收缩压、舒张压、血压控制良好、总胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、一氧化氮、尿酸、肌酐、内皮素水平比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。斑块形成组甘油三酯、同型半胱氨酸水平高于非斑块形成组（P <0.05）,鸢尾素、APN水平低于非斑块形成组（P <0.05）。多因素一般Logistic回归分析结果显示：同型半胱氨酸水平[■=4.415(95%CI:1.817,10.730)]、血清鸢尾素水平[■=4.027(95%CI:1.657,9.787)]、AP...     

Search for Optimal Frequencies and Amplitudes of Therapeutic Electrical Carotid Sinus Nerve Stimulation by Application of the Evolution Strategy

In humans, electrical, bipolar, bilateral carotid sinus nerve stimulation (CSNS; impulse duration 0.35 ms) was applied, using frequencies between 10 and 110 Hz and voltages between individual thresholds and maximal amplitudes of stimulation. Ten anginal patients and two hypertensive patients were studied at an interval of up to 12 years after implantation of electrodes and a radiofrequency receiver for chronic therapeutic CSNS. In search of combinations of frequency and voltage of CSNS, eliciting largest ("optimal") depressor responses of blood pressure and heart rate in the individual patient, Rechenberg's evolution strategy was applied. This strategy simulates mutation and selection of biological evolution. In each patient and on each test stimulation, a value of quality was computed from actual heart rate and blood pressure values as a selection criterion for the strategy. Either responses to uninterrupted CSNS were investigated, while stimulation parameters were adjusted every 3 min, according to the strategy, or responses to 3 min of CSNS after a change in stimulation parameters were compared to intercalated 3-min control periods. In each patient, one or more combined settings of frequency and voltage elicited "optimal" responses. In principle, "optimal" CSNS frequencies ranged between 35 and 105 Hz with large interindividual differences. Due to chronic implantation of electrodes and technical features of radiofrequency transmitted stimulation energy, interindividually different voltages led to an optimal response to CSNS. Also according to the present results, the frequency of CSNS has to be determined individually. It is concluded that the evolution strategy was applied successfully, because voltage and frequency settings leading to "optimal" responses were found within 90-180 min, whereas intraindividual systematic investigations would not be feasible due to their necessarily very long duration. So far, only short-term responses have been evaluated. A broader use of the strategy in other applications is encouraged, as for example in pacemaker optimization and especially in functional electrostimulation.     

下鼓室的应用解剖

目的　探讨颈动脉管、颈静脉窝与下鼓室的变异关系 ,为此区域手术提供可靠的解剖学资料。方法　在XSQ～Ⅱ型手术显微镜下解剖观察了 2 0 0例颞骨标本的下鼓室 ,并用游标卡尺对有关结构进行了测量。结果　下鼓室纵径 0 2 8mm ,横径为 0 85mm ,深为 1 2 8mm。下鼓室底与颈静脉窝相毗邻者见 93 0 %。当颈静脉窝大而上隆时 ,窝顶与鼓室间以薄骨板分隔 ,骨板最薄时仅为 0 2 0mm。颈静脉窝顶突入鼓室腔者占 1 2 5 % ,窝顶有骨质缺损者见 4 0 %。鼓室底与颈动脉管关系随颈动脉位置变化而异 ,有 6 8 0 %的标本颈动脉管位于岬下缘前 1 / 3区 ,4 0 %的标本颈动脉管占据范围达岬下缘后 1 / 3区。结论　下鼓室与颈静脉窝及颈动脉管存在着多种变异关系 ,下鼓室手术及静脉窝区手术应避免损伤颈静脉球及颈内动脉等结构     

Relative motion of lung and chest wall promotes uniform pleural space thickness

The pleural space is modeled in two dimensions as a thin layer of fluid separating a deformable membrane and a rigid surface containing a bump. We computed the steady-state membrane configuration and fluid pressure distribution during relative sliding of the two surfaces. For physiologically relevant values of membrane tension, shear flow-induced pressures near the bump and far-field pressure gradients are similar to those measured in vivo within the pleural space (e.g. Lai-Fook et al.) [J. Appl. Physiol.: Respirat. Environ. Exercise Physiol. 56 (1984) 1633-1639]. Deformation of the membrane over the bump suggests that the pressure field generated by the sliding motion promotes an even layer of fluid in the pleural space, preventing asperities from touching. Results also suggest a possible mechanism for pleural fluid redistribution during breathing, whereby irreversible fluid motion is associated with the deformability of the membrane.     

Arterial endothelial function in a porcine model of early stage atherosclerotic vascular disease

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States and is projected to become the leading cause of mortality in the world. Atherosclerosis is the most important single factor contributing to this disease burden. In this study, we characterize relationships between endothelial dysfunction and vascular disease in an animal model of diet-induced, early-stage atherosclerotic vascular disease. We tested the hypothesis that hypercholesterolaemia induces vascular disease and impairs endothelium-dependent relaxation (EDR) in conduit arteries of adult male Yucatan pigs. Pigs were fed a normal fat (NF) or high fat cholesterol (HFC) diet for 20-24 weeks. Results indicate that, while the HFC diet did not alter EDR in femoral or brachial arteries, EDR was significantly decreased in both carotid and coronary arteries. Sudanophilic fatty streaks were significantly present in the abdominal aorta and common carotid artery. Histopathology revealed increased intima-media thickness (IMT) and foam cell accumulation in Stary Stage I-III lesions in the abdominal aorta, common carotid artery and femoral arteries. In the coronary arteries, the accumulation of foam cells in Stary Stage I and II lesions resulted in a trend for increased IMT. There was no evidence of vascular disease in the brachial arteries. These results indicate that early stages of CVD (Stary Stage I-III) precede decreases in EDR induced by HFC diet, because femoral arteries exhibited foam cell accumulation and an increased IMT but no change in endothelial function.     

Diet salinity and vasopressin as reproduction modulators in the desert-dwelling golden spiny mouse (Acomys russatus)

The time for reproduction in mammals largely depends on the availability of water and food in their habitat. Therefore, in regions where rains are limited to definite seasons of the year, mammals presumably will restrict their breeding correspondingly. But while mammals living in predictable ecosystems would benefit by timing their season to an ultimate predictable cue, such as photoperiod, in unpredictable ecosystems (e.g., deserts) they will need to use a more proximate signal. We suggest a mechanism by which water shortage (low water content in plants) could act as a proximate cue for ending the reproductive season. The golden spiny mouse (Acomys russatus), a diurnal rodent living in extreme deserts, may face an increased dietary salt content as the summer progresses and the vegetation becomes dry. Under laboratory conditions, increased diet salinity lead to reproductive hiatus in females, notable in imperforated vagina, and a significant decrease in the ovaries, uteri, and body masses. In females treated with vasopressin (VP), a hormone expressed during water stress, the uteri and body masses have decreased significantly, and the ovaries exhibited an increased number of atretic follicles. VP has also led to a significant decrease in relative medullary thickness (RMT) of the kidney. It is thus suggested that VP could act as a modulator linking the reproductive system with water economy in desert rodents, possibly through its act on the energetic pathways.     

Hypertension and sleep apnoea

SUMMARY  Epidemiological data indicate a link between sleep-disordered breathing and elevation of arterial pressure. Previous studies suggest increased activity of the sympathetic nervous system in patients with sleep apnoea. The response of muscle sympathetic nerve activity was further investigated in normal, awake subjects following exposure to 20 minutes of asphyxia. Sympathetic nerve traffic increased during exposure and remained elevated even after the return to room air breathing. These findings raise the possibility that this sustained elevation of sympathetic nerve traffic could play a role in the development of daytime hypertension in patients with sleep-disordered breathing.