血管内治疗颈内动脉颅外段伴同侧颅内动脉急性串联闭塞

目的探讨颈内动脉颅外段伴同侧颅内动脉急性串联闭塞患者血管内治疗方法 ,评估其疗效和安全性。方法回顾性分析2015年1月至2019年12月在南阳市中心医院接受血管内治疗的63例颈内动脉颅外段伴同侧颅内动脉急性串联闭塞患者临床资料。根据治疗方式不同,分为顺行再通组(n=41)和逆行再通组(n=22)。采用改良溶栓治疗脑梗死(mTICI)血流分级判断术后血管再通程度,改良Rankin量表(mRS)评分评估术后90 d临床预后。结果两组患者年龄、性别、伴高血压病、伴糖尿病、伴心房颤动、吸烟史、术前美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分、术前Alberta卒中项目早期CT评分(ASPECTS)、脑卒中病因等差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。顺行再通组、逆行再通组分别有16例(39.0%)、15例(68.2%)接受急诊颈内动脉起始段支架植入(P=0.027),穿刺至再通时间分别为(138+55) min、(120+47) min(P<0.01),90 d恢复良好(mRS评分≤2分)分别有17例(41.5%)、15例(68.2%)(P=0.043),差异均有统计学意义。结论血管...     

The hidden aspect of carotid lesions in traffic accidents: A little-known phenomenon

Vascular injuries that occur during traffic accidents are a commonly neglected aspect that can add more detail to the framework of a case. In this study, we analysed a case series of 150 traffic accidents, 39 of which were marked by microscopically identifiable vascular lesions. The purpose was to identify the presence of carotid injuries in individuals who died due to traffic accidents and had nonpenetrating trauma of the neck. We focused on the discrepancies regarding the macroscopical aspect and the histology and demonstrated how histological analysis of the carotids in cases of trauma can reveal injuries that are attributable to the trauma itself. We conducted a histological analysis of the lesions to describe their distribution and type and investigate potential correlations. The study offers insight on how to examine road accidents that involve traumatic injury of the carotid arteries. Indeed the main task of the forensic pathologist in the case of death is to establish the existence of a causal relationship between the micro- or macroscopic alterations observed in the autopsy and the traumatic event that led to the death of the subject. Thus, further morphological elements were provided to the forensic practitioners that may reveal injuries attributable to the trauma itself and should be evaluated in cases of trauma in traffic accidents.     

256层螺旋CT血管造影术评价颈动脉溃疡斑块

目的探讨256层螺旋CTA评价颈动脉溃疡斑块的价值。方法回顾性分析136例颈动脉粥样硬化患者的256层螺旋CTA资料,观察斑块的分布情况及颈动脉管腔狭窄程度,并分析斑块的构成成分,重点分析其中溃疡斑块的相关情况,并分析溃疡斑块与临床症状的相关性。结果 136例患者中共发现颈动脉斑块452个,其中溃疡斑块78个,溃疡发生率为17.26%（78/452）,位于颈总动脉14个,分叉部32个,颈内动脉13个,颈外动脉19个;纤维斑块7个,脂肪斑块49个,钙化斑块3个,混合性斑块19个;溃疡斑块导致管腔轻、中、重度狭窄及闭塞分别为7、29、34和8个。溃疡斑块与脑缺血症状存在统计学关联（OR=3.433,P〈0.01）。结论 256层螺旋CTA可无创地评价颈动脉溃疡斑块的特征,具有较高应用价值。     

Displacement of the common carotid artery after laryngeal mask airway placement in infants and children

Background: In adults, placement of the laryngeal mask airway causes increased overlapping of the internal jugular vein (IJV) and common carotid artery (CCA). However, few studies in children have been reported. The aim of this study was to describe the degree of overlap of the IJV and the CCA before and after laryngeal mask airway placement in infants and children. Method: There were 160 children scheduled to undergo Protex^® SoftSeal^® and Ambu^® placement. Patients were initially positioned in the 15° Trendelenburg position with their heads rotated 30° to the left. The ultrasound probe was placed perpendicular to the skin, and the images of the right IJV and CCA were collected at the level of the cricoid cartilage. Following laryngeal mask airway placement, images were collected in the same manner. Results: No statistically significant changes were observed in the overlap index before and after laryngeal mask airway placement. By inflating the laryngeal mask airway cuff, migration of the vessel forward was 24.38% and outward migration was 13.99%. Conclusion: There was no remarkable change in the overlap index before and after laryngeal mask airway placement in children.     

Acute pulmonary embolism: comparison of standard axial MDCT with paddlewheel technique

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ability of rotated paddlewheel reformations for the detection of central and peripheral pulmonary embolism (PE) compared to standard axial multi detector CT (MDCT) images. MATERIAL AND METHODS: CT scans of 35 patients with PE were reviewed by three independent readers for the detection of pulmonary emboli using standard axial CT scans and reformatted paddlewheel technique. All images were evaluated in random order. MDCT examinations were performed with a collimation of 1.25 mm, a pitch of six and a reconstruction interval of 0.8mm. For each patient MIP were reformatted by using a paddlewheel arrangement with 5mm slab thickness and 5 degrees rotation. Standard of reference for PE was a consensus reading of the axial images by all three readers. RESULTS: The overall sensitivity for the axial images for the three readers ranged between 91% and 96%; for paddlewheel reformations from 78% to 83%; the specificity for both methods was 98-99%. Inter- and intraobserver agreement was also higher for axial images than for paddlewheel reformations. CONCLUSION: Comparing standard axial MDCT scans and reformatted paddlewheel images no significant difference for the detection of central PE was found, whereas for the detection of peripheral emboli standard axial images showed a significant higher percentage of detecting PE than paddlewheel reformations.     

血管编码动脉自旋标记MR脑灌注成像初步研究

目的 初步应用血管编码动脉自旋标记MR脑灌注成像技术选择件标记双侧颈内动脉及后循环的血流分布区.方法 使用伪连续动脉自旋标记成像方法 对7名健康志愿者和6例脑血管病患者的左、右颈内动脉及椎基底动脉编码进行头部横断而成像和图像后处理,得到来源于上述不同血管的脑血流量(CBF)的灌注分布图,计算7名志愿者的双侧大脑厌、白质及半脑的CBF.比较脑血管病患者的血流分布结果 与DSA图像的一致性及低灌注区域与液体衰减反转恢复(FLAIR)T2WI的高信号区域大小.结果 定量测量正常志愿者的半CBF为(32.6±4.3)ml·min-1·100 g-1,脑白质血流最(10.8±0.9)ml·min-1·100 g-1,脑灰质血流量(55.6±2.9)ml·min-1·100 g-1.脑血管病患者的脑血流分布异常、侧支循环血流分布与DSA对应良好;所有患者低灌注区域比FLAIR T2WI显示的高信号区域范围更大.结论 血管编码动脉自旋标记MR脑灌注成像可以无创地定性并定量不同血管来源的脑血供.     

血管内支架成型术治疗颈动脉狭窄21例

目的探讨血管内支架成型术治疗颈动脉狭窄的临床效果和安全性。方法对21例颈动脉狭窄患者,先行血管造影,然后根据血管狭窄情况,选择合适自膨式支架跨过狭窄部位,将支架送至预想的位置释放,覆盖狭窄部位。结果治疗狭窄动脉21支,狭窄程度均明显改善,狭窄程度由原来的(78.94±12.8)%下降至(3.19±3.04)%,无死亡病例,术后患者症状均明显改善,围术期无并发症。随访1~12个月,颈动脉超声检查治疗血管无再狭窄。结论只要适应证选择正确,围术期处理得当,血管内支架成型术治疗颈动脉狭窄,不仅临床效果好,而且安全性高。     

椎体肿瘤椎体重建术前选择性动脉栓塞临床应用研究

目的 探讨选择性动脉栓塞后肿瘤椎体切除重建的疗效及价值. 资料与方法 选择有脊髓压迫症状的胸腰椎肿瘤患者24例,分成对照组(n=11)和研究组(n=13).对照组直接行肿瘤椎体切除人工椎体置换椎体重建术;研究组先行肿瘤供血动脉栓塞化疗后,再行肿瘤椎体重建术. 结果 对照组4例手术失败,7例手术成功,成功率57%,术中平均出血量为3385 ml、平均手术时间5 h;研究组13例肿瘤椎体全部手术切除成功,成功率达100%,术中平均出血量为842 ml,平均手术时间3 h.研究组与对照组比较术中平均出血量、手术时间差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).所有患者随访6～36个月神经功能恢复满意,椎体重建稳定性良好. 结论 术前胸腰椎动脉栓塞便于肿瘤椎体切除及重建,可提高患者的生存质量.     

Management strategy for arterial priapism: therapeutic dilemmas

PURPOSE: We present 7 cases of arterial high flow priapism and propose management algorithms for the condition. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We studied 2 children and 5 adults with posttraumatic arterial priapism. Blood gas analysis and color Doppler ultrasonography of the corpora cavernosa confirmed the diagnosis in 4 adults, while 1 patient had already undergone cavernous artery ligation in elsewhere. In the children perineal compression resulted in detumescence, a sign that is proposed to be indicative of the diagnosis of arterial priapism (piesis sign) complementing physical examination. Mechanical compressive force was applied to the perineum of 1 boy, while the other received a watchful waiting program. All adults participated in an observation regimen except 1, who decided to undergo immediate embolization of the internal pudendal artery. RESULTS: Perineal compression led to the resolution of priapism in 1 child, while spontaneous resolution was noted in the other. An adult noticed spontaneous penile detumescence 3 to 4 months after trauma, which was attributable to site specific venous leakage and decreased, inflow in the contralateral cavernous artery. The patient underwent venous surgery and is on an intracavernous injection regimen. Successful embolization of the internal pudendal artery was performed immediately in 1 man and in the other 4 months after trauma due to social inconvenience. Adult patient 3 is still on the watchful waiting protocol (42 months), while the one who underwent cavernous artery ligation is receiving treatment for erectile dysfunction. CONCLUSIONS: Absent of long-term damaging effects of arterial priapism on erectile tissue combined with the possibility of spontaneous resolution or progressive concomitant hemodynamic abnormalities associated with blunt perineal trauma are suggestive of the introduction of an observation period in the management algorithm of high flow priapism. Such a period may help avoid unnecessary intervention and determine the impact of priapism on patient personal life. Perineal compression may be also added as part of the physical examination as a sign specifically indicative of arterial priapism.