Prevalence of atherosclerosis in relation to atomic bomb radiation exposure: An RERF Adult Health Study

Purpose: To determine whether exposure to atomic bomb radiation altered the prevalence of asymptomatic atherosclerosis.

Material and methods: In a cross-sectional analysis, we examined aortic arch calcification by plain chest radiography and common carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT) by ultrasonography among 1804 survivors of the atomic bombing in Hiroshima. We evaluated the association between atherosclerotic changes and radiation exposure, while adjusting for potentially confounding factors.

Results: Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that aortic arch calcification was significantly associated with radiation exposure (p < 0.05). The odds ratio at 1 Gy was 1.30 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.05 – 1.53) for men and 1.31 (95% CI: 1.13 – 1.51) for women. Carotid artery IMT did not vary significantly with radiation dose (p = 0.18).

Conclusion: Radiation dose contributed to the prevalence of aortic atherosclerosis but not carotid artery atherosclerosis in atomic bomb survivors.     

头颈部CTA判断大脑中动脉区脑梗死患者供血动脉狭窄的价值

目的探讨头颈部计算机断层扫描血管成像（CTA）在判断大脑中动脉（MCA）区脑梗死患者血管狭窄程度以及与脑梗死程度的相关I生。方法对68例MCA区脑梗死患者进行头颈部CTA检查,分析受累血管狭窄程度及其与脑梗死程度的关系。结果68例中,颈内动脉（ICA）和MCA均正常者5例,单纯ICA狭窄共16例,其中轻度狭窄2例,中度狭窄4例,重度狭窄5例,闭塞5例;单纯MCA狭窄共41例,其中轻度狭窄6例,中度狭窄12例,重度狭窄18例,MCA闭塞5例;MCA合并ICA狭窄6例。ICA或MCA狭窄程度与脑梗死类型有关,狭窄程度越严重,梗死程度越严重（r=0.832,0．938,P〈0．05）。结论头颈部CTA在判断血管狭窄的同时,可预测患者脑梗死的程度,对脑梗死的临床诊断和治疗方案的选择具有重要的指导价值。     

Perfusion CT compared to H<Subscript>2</Subscript><Superscript>15</Superscript>O/O<Superscript>15</Superscript>O PET in patients with chronic cervical carotid artery occlusion

INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this study was to compare the results of perfusion computed tomography (PCT) with those of (15)O(2)/H(2) (15)O positron emission tomography (PET) in a subset of Carotid Occlusion Surgery Study (COSS) patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Six patients enrolled in the COSS underwent a standard-of-care PCT in addition to the (15)O(2)/H(2) (15)O PET study used for selection for extracranial-intracranial bypass surgery. PCT and PET studies were coregistered and then processed separately by different radiologists. Relative measurement of cerebral blood flow (CBF) and oxygen extraction fraction (OEF) were calculated from PET. PCT datasets were processed using different arterial input functions (AIF). Relative PCT and PET CBF values from matching regions of interest were compared using linear regression model to determine the most appropriate arterial input function for PCT. Also, PCT measurements using the most accurate AIF were evaluated for linear regression with respect to relative PET OEF values. RESULTS: The most accurate PCT relative CBF maps with respect to the gold standard PET CBF were obtained when CBF values for each arterial territory are calculated using a dedicated AIF for each territory (R (2) = 0.796, p < 0.001). PCT mean transit time (MTT) is the parameter that showed the best correlation with the count-based PET OEF ratios (R (2) = 0.590, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: PCT relative CBF compares favorably to PET relative CBF in patients with chronic carotid occlusion when processed using a dedicated AIF for each territory. The PCT MTT parameter correlated best with PET relative OEF.     

血管内支架成型术治疗颈动脉狭窄21例

目的探讨血管内支架成型术治疗颈动脉狭窄的临床效果和安全性。方法对21例颈动脉狭窄患者,先行血管造影,然后根据血管狭窄情况,选择合适自膨式支架跨过狭窄部位,将支架送至预想的位置释放,覆盖狭窄部位。结果治疗狭窄动脉21支,狭窄程度均明显改善,狭窄程度由原来的(78.94±12.8)%下降至(3.19±3.04)%,无死亡病例,术后患者症状均明显改善,围术期无并发症。随访1~12个月,颈动脉超声检查治疗血管无再狭窄。结论只要适应证选择正确,围术期处理得当,血管内支架成型术治疗颈动脉狭窄,不仅临床效果好,而且安全性高。     

Acute pulmonary embolism: comparison of standard axial MDCT with paddlewheel technique

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ability of rotated paddlewheel reformations for the detection of central and peripheral pulmonary embolism (PE) compared to standard axial multi detector CT (MDCT) images. MATERIAL AND METHODS: CT scans of 35 patients with PE were reviewed by three independent readers for the detection of pulmonary emboli using standard axial CT scans and reformatted paddlewheel technique. All images were evaluated in random order. MDCT examinations were performed with a collimation of 1.25 mm, a pitch of six and a reconstruction interval of 0.8mm. For each patient MIP were reformatted by using a paddlewheel arrangement with 5mm slab thickness and 5 degrees rotation. Standard of reference for PE was a consensus reading of the axial images by all three readers. RESULTS: The overall sensitivity for the axial images for the three readers ranged between 91% and 96%; for paddlewheel reformations from 78% to 83%; the specificity for both methods was 98-99%. Inter- and intraobserver agreement was also higher for axial images than for paddlewheel reformations. CONCLUSION: Comparing standard axial MDCT scans and reformatted paddlewheel images no significant difference for the detection of central PE was found, whereas for the detection of peripheral emboli standard axial images showed a significant higher percentage of detecting PE than paddlewheel reformations.     

新型实验性颈内动脉虹吸段模型的建立

目的建立用于测试颅内支架性能的颈内动脉虹吸段动物模型。方法使用快速原型及脱蜡技术建立6只颈内动脉虹吸段约束装置。手术暴露并游离6只犬双侧颈总动脉。左侧颈总动脉近端暂时性夹闭,远端结扎并沿结扎点近侧切断。右侧颈总动脉远端暂时性夹闭,近端结扎并沿结扎点远侧切断。左侧颈总动脉近侧段穿过塑型装置,并与右侧颈总动脉远侧游离段端端吻合。术后1、2周、1个月血管造影,视觉评估虹吸段模型形态,血管通畅,吻合口狭窄及附壁血栓形成情况。结果所有实验犬均能耐受手术,无一只死亡或出现神经功能障碍。建模平均手术时间90min。术后1、2周、1个月血管造影,显示虹吸段模型空间结构与其人体原形高度相似,2例发生吻合口狭窄,1例吻合口附壁血栓形成。所有模型虹吸段随访中均保持通畅。结论采用体外约束装置,手术建立虹吸段模型切实可行,该模型具有高度可重复性、可靠性,可用于测试神经血管内材料。     

肺癌支气管动脉CTA成像及其在介入治疗中的应用价值

目的探讨肺癌支气管动脉CTA成像及其在介入治疗中的应用价值。方法分析15例经支气管动脉介入治疗前的肺癌病例,其中中央型13例,周围型2例。15例均行螺旋CT增强扫描,薄建后传至工作站利用多平面重组(MPR)、最大密度投影(MIP)和容积再现(VR)等后处理技术观察支气管动脉。结果13例中央型肺癌均由肿瘤性支气管动脉供血,图像清晰显示肿瘤性支气管动脉的起点、分支及走行;2例周围型肺癌中有1例由肿瘤性支气管动脉供血,1例找不到明确发自支气管动脉的供血血管。结论肺癌支气管动脉CTA成像能够显示肺癌特别是中央型肺癌的肿瘤性支气管动脉,并能为介入治疗提供准确定位和其他参考数据。     

Accessory renal artery stenosis and hypertension: are these correlated? Evaluation using multidetector-row computed tomographic angiography

Background: Renal artery stenosis may produce hypertension, and this condition is referred to as renovascular hypertension (RVH).

Purpose: To evaluate, by using multidetector-row spiral computed tomographic angiography (MDCTA), whether a relationship between accessory renal artery stenosis and hypertension may be hypothesized.

Material and Methods: 214 patients (142 males, 72 females; mean age 66 years) who had previously undergone an MDCTA to study the abdominal vasculature were retrospectively studied. Patients with renal artery stenosis (RAS) were excluded from this analysis. The patients were studied by means of a four-detector-row CT, and scans were obtained after intravenous bolus administration of 110-140 ml of a nonionic contrast material with a 3-6 ml/s flow rate. As a second step, by means of statistical analysis, hypertension data were compared with findings of accessory artery stenosis. Two radiologists first independently reviewed the MDCTA images and then, in case of disagreement, in consensus. Interobserver agreement was calculated for all measurements.

Results: The overall number of detected accessory renal arteries was 74 in 56 of the 214 patients. Accessory renal artery stenosis was detected in 21 of the 56 patients. There was a difference in the prevalence of hypertension between patients with (n = 21) and without (n = 35) accessory renal artery stenosis (P = 0.0187). Interobserver agreement was good (kappa value 0.733).

Conclusion: Any statistical association between the presence of accessory renal artery stenosis and hypertension could not be disclosed. However, accessory renal artery stenosis, detected by MDCTA, is an important pathological sign that the radiologist has to assess in the light of its possible association with hypertension.     

血管编码动脉自旋标记MR脑灌注成像初步研究

目的 初步应用血管编码动脉自旋标记MR脑灌注成像技术选择件标记双侧颈内动脉及后循环的血流分布区.方法 使用伪连续动脉自旋标记成像方法 对7名健康志愿者和6例脑血管病患者的左、右颈内动脉及椎基底动脉编码进行头部横断而成像和图像后处理,得到来源于上述不同血管的脑血流量(CBF)的灌注分布图,计算7名志愿者的双侧大脑厌、白质及半脑的CBF.比较脑血管病患者的血流分布结果 与DSA图像的一致性及低灌注区域与液体衰减反转恢复(FLAIR)T2WI的高信号区域大小.结果 定量测量正常志愿者的半CBF为(32.6±4.3)ml·min-1·100 g-1,脑白质血流最(10.8±0.9)ml·min-1·100 g-1,脑灰质血流量(55.6±2.9)ml·min-1·100 g-1.脑血管病患者的脑血流分布异常、侧支循环血流分布与DSA对应良好;所有患者低灌注区域比FLAIR T2WI显示的高信号区域范围更大.结论 血管编码动脉自旋标记MR脑灌注成像可以无创地定性并定量不同血管来源的脑血供.     

椎体肿瘤椎体重建术前选择性动脉栓塞临床应用研究

目的 探讨选择性动脉栓塞后肿瘤椎体切除重建的疗效及价值. 资料与方法 选择有脊髓压迫症状的胸腰椎肿瘤患者24例,分成对照组(n=11)和研究组(n=13).对照组直接行肿瘤椎体切除人工椎体置换椎体重建术;研究组先行肿瘤供血动脉栓塞化疗后,再行肿瘤椎体重建术. 结果 对照组4例手术失败,7例手术成功,成功率57%,术中平均出血量为3385 ml、平均手术时间5 h;研究组13例肿瘤椎体全部手术切除成功,成功率达100%,术中平均出血量为842 ml,平均手术时间3 h.研究组与对照组比较术中平均出血量、手术时间差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).所有患者随访6～36个月神经功能恢复满意,椎体重建稳定性良好. 结论 术前胸腰椎动脉栓塞便于肿瘤椎体切除及重建,可提高患者的生存质量.