Resin infiltration of deproteinised natural occlusal subsurface lesions improves initial quality of fissure sealing

The aim of this ex vivo study was to evaluate the infiltration capability and rate of microleakage of a low-viscous resin infiltrant combined with a flowable composite resin (RI/CR) when used with deproteinised and etched occlusal subsurface lesions (International Caries Detection and Assessment System code 2). This combined treatment procedure was compared with the exclusive use of flowable composite resin (CR) for fissure sealing. Twenty premolars and 20 molars revealing non-cavitated occlusal carious lesions were randomly divided into two groups and were meticulously cleaned and deproteinised using NaOCl (2%). After etching with HCl (15%), 10 premolar and 10 molar lesions were infiltrated (Icon/DMG; rhodamine B isothiocyanate (RITC)-labelled) followed by fissure sealing (G-?nial Flo/GC; experimental group, RI/CR). In the control group (CR), the carious fissures were only sealed. Specimens were cut perpendicular to the occlusal surface and through the area of the highest demineralisation (DIAGNOdent pen, KaVo). Using confocal laser-scanning microscopy, the specimens were assessed with regard to the percentage of caries infiltration, marginal adaption and internal integrity. Within the CR group, the carious lesions were not infiltrated. Both premolar (57.9%± 23.1%) and molar lesions (35.3%± 22.1%) of the RI/CR group were uniformly infiltrated to a substantial extent, albeit with significant differences (P=0.034). Moreover, microleakage (n=1) and the occurrence of voids (n=2) were reduced in the RI/CR group compared with the CR group (5 and 17 specimens, respectively). The RI/CR approach increases the initial quality of fissure sealing and is recommended for the clinical control of occlusal caries.     

Evaluation of Dietary Intake and Anthropometric Status in 1–9-Year-Old Children Living in Serbia: National Food Consumption Survey according to the EU Menu Methodology

The Serbian Food Consumption Survey among 1–9-year-old-children was conceptualized and conducted in compliance with the principles, established protocols, and guidelines of the EU Menu project between 2017 and 2021. Valid data were collected for 576 individuals (290 1–3-year-old toddlers and 276 3–9-year-old children). Regardless of age and gender category, the majority (68.80%) of children had normal weights according to the Body Mass Index-for-age classification system. The median daily energy intake was 1406.71 kcal with no differences between the settlement types. The overall median contributions of carbohydrates, protein, and fat to the total energy intake were 47.54%, 14.06%, and 37.88%, respectively. The proportions of the macronutrient intake deviated from the dietary reference values with compliance to the recommendations being particularly poor for fat and fiber. The consumption of energy-dense food groups such as meat and meat products, fat and oil, sugar, and confections was more pronounced among older children. The survey results provide a valuable insight into the nutritional status and dietary habits of toddlers and children 1–9 years old living in Serbia. They may serve as an evidence platform for public health programs, a valuable asset for decision-makers, and a reliable reference to guide nutritional policies, diet monitoring, and interventions targeting this population group in the future.     

Ultrasonographic and doppler velocimetric evaluation of the levator ani muscle according to the hormonal status

Objective

We aimed to study the cross-sectional area of levator ani muscle and the doppler velocimetric parameters of vessels its in premenopausal and postmenopausal women.

Study design

Sixty-four patients, divided into 3 groups, were assessed: group I (20 women—average age 28 years) premenopausal and nulliparous (control); group II (24 women—average age 38 years, vaginal delivery 1–4) premenopausal with vaginal deliveries; group III (20 women—average age 55 years, parity 0–4) postmenopausal without hormonal therapy. Doppler velocimetry of levator ani muscle vessels through resistance and pulsatility indices was used and the means of the groups compared by adjusting the weighed variance model with multiple comparisons, according to Tukey's method. Similarly, we measured the cross-sectional area of the muscle using ultrasonography.

Results

There was a significant increase in resistance and pulsatility indices in postmenopausal patients as compared to the other two groups. We also observed a significant decrease in the cross-sectional area of the muscle of postmenopausal patients when compared to those in premenopausal.

Conclusion

The obtained results allow us to conclude that levator ani muscle vascularization significantly decreases after menopause (age and/or hipoestrogenism) and that it can be assumed that vaginal delivery does not promote long-term alterations in levator ani muscle vascularization. We also observed a significant decrease in the cross-sectional area of the muscle in postmenopausal women when compared to those in premenopausal.     

Deaths among young, single women in 2000-2001 in the West Bank, Palestinian Occupied Territories

A study in 2000-2001 of causes of death of women of reproductive age (15-49) in the West Bank, Palestinian Occupied Territories, found that 154 of the 411 deceased women aged 15-49 with known marital status were single. Death notification forms for reported deaths were analysed and verbal autopsies carried out, where possible, with relatives of the deceased women. We found important differences in the age at death and causes of death among the single and married women, which can be attributed to the disadvantaged social status of single women in Palestinian society, exacerbated by the current unstable political situation. 41% of the deceased single women were under 25 years of age at death compared to 8% of the married women. The proportion of violent deaths and suicides among the single women was almost twice as high as among the married women, mainly in those below age 25. The single women were also more likely to die from medical conditions which indicated that they faced barriers to accessing health care. The fieldwork was conducted at the height of the Intifada and the Israeli military response, with heavy restrictions on mobility, limiting the possibility of probing deeper into the circumstances surrounding sensitive deaths. More research into the socio-cultural context of single women in Palestine society is needed as a basis for intervention.     

新时期我国人学研究综述

改革开放以来 ,我国的人学研究有两条发展道路 :一是执政党的指导思想中以人为本、促进人的全面发展的观念日益清晰。二是学界围绕人道主义与异化问题、人的本质与人的价值问题、人的现代化、人的主体性等问题把对人学问题的研究逐步推向深入 ,二者相互促进 ,使人学作为一门独立的学科展现出广阔的发展前景。进入新的世纪 ,我国人学研究的重点转向人的全面发展 ,学术界就人的全面发展的丰富内涵以及在社会主义初级阶段如何从发展先进生产力、进行制度创新、加强先进文化建设、扩大交往等方面促进人的全面发展进行了全方位的深入的探讨。同时 ,学术界提出要高度关注“马克思的问题域” ,处理好发展社会主义市场经济与促进人的全面发展的关系。另外 ,学术界还从人与环境、人的实践的自发性与自觉性的关系等方面尝试总结关于人的发展的规律 ,这从一个更高的层面推进了我国的人学的研究     

窝沟封闭技术在预防儿童龋病中的临床应用

目的:观察用于乳磨牙和年轻恒牙的点隙裂沟封闭术的临床效果.方法:选择113例第二乳磨牙和185例第一恒磨牙作窝沟封闭.结果:封闭术后乳牙(恒牙)1、2、3年复查封闭剂保留率分别为100%(100%)、87.6%(97.2%)、77%(90.1%),龋病发病率明显降低.结论:窝沟封闭术是预防龋病发生的有效防龋方法.     

产前心理健康状况与产后抑郁症关系探讨

目的研究产前心理健康状况与产后抑郁症的关系。方法采用随机抽样方法获得调查对象,产前用症状自评量表(SCL-90)调查产妇的心理健康状况;产后用艾迪产后抑郁量表(EPDS)调查产后抑郁症至产后7d。结果产前有56.2%产妇存在不同类型的心理健康问题,其产后抑郁症的发病率明显提高,为37.8%。结论产前孕妇存在不同类型的心理健康问题,其产后抑郁症的发生率也不同。产前抑郁情绪者,发生率最高,其产后抑郁症的发生率也最高。     

ICD术后患者生存质量及心理状况的调查研究

目的了解植入型心律转复除颤器（implantable cardioverter defibrillator, ICD）置人术后患者生存质量（quality of life,QOL）及心理状况。方法对2012年1月-2013年1月在我院植入ICD的患者及正常人群各67例,应用MOSSF-36量表及SCL-90症状自评量表分别对整体QOL及心理QOL进行调查。结果ICD术后患者QOL的评分比正常人群低,而心理QOL评分在ICD术后患者中比正常人群高,二者之间比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。在ICD患者中,是否放电、病程长短（以3年为分界点）是QOL及心理状况的影响因素,差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,而两者间性别差异则无统计学意义。结论ICD术后患者的QOL评分整体低于正常人,心理状况评分高于正常人,说明ICD患者合并心理疾病如压抑、焦虑、恐慌,尤其是ICD植入术后放电的部分患者,需要医护人员在日常临床工作中注意干预。病程长短主要对心理因素产生影响,因此对于病程较长的患者需要加强心理干预,以进一步改善ICD术后患者的QOL。     

丙泊酚与咪达唑仑对治疗难治性癫痫持续状态的临床观察研究

目的：探讨单用丙泊酚、单用咪达唑仑和2者联用在难治性癫痫持续状态治疗中的疗效、不良反应等,以寻找较好的抗癫痫治疗方案。方法回顾性分析难治性癫痫持续患者75例。使用丙泊酚治疗的患者25例,使用咪达唑仑的患者25例,2药联合使用的患者25例。记录用药前、控制癫痫发作后、停药时这3个时点的心率（HR）、自主呼吸频率（RR）、收缩压（SBP）、舒张压（DBP）、血氧饱和度（SpO 2）以及治疗后镇静评级分数,癫痫控制起效时间以及不良反应的发生情况。结果联合用药组总体有效率为92.0%,显著高于丙泊酚组和咪达唑仑组的80.0%和84.0%（P<0.05）。3组患者用药前HR、RR、SBP、DBP、SpO 2与控制癫痫发作后、停药时所测得值相比,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;联合用药后,药物使用总量分别低于单独使用的组别,癫痫控制时间缩短,镇静分数提高（P<0.05）。结论丙泊酚及咪达唑仑2者联合抗癫痫的疗效优于单独使用。